Temple R, 1995. A regulatory authority's opinion about surrogate endpoints. Nimmo WS, Tucker GT, eds. Clinical Measurement in Drug Evaluation. New York: John Wiley, 3–22.
Harries AD, Nkhoma WA, Thompson PJ, Nyangulu DS, Wirima JJ, 1988. Nutritional status in Malawian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and response to chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Nutr 42: 445–450.
Khan A, Sterling TR, Reves R, Vernon A, Horsburgh CR, 2006. Lack of weight gain and relapse risk in a large tuberculosis treatment trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174: 344–348.
Krapp F, Veliz JC, Cornejo E, Gotuzzo E, Seas C, 2008. Bodyweight gain to predict treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 12: 1153–1159.
Onwubalili JK, 1988. Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England. Eur J Clin Nutr 42: 363–366.
Vasantha M, Gopi PG, Subramani R, 2009. Weight gain in patients with tuberculosis treated under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS). Indian J Tuberc 56: 5–9.
Bark CM, Dietze R, Okwera A, Quelapio MI, Thiel BA, Johnson JL, 2011. Clinical symptoms and microbiological outcomes in tuberculosis treatment trials. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91: 601–604.
Van Deun A, Maug A, Salim MA, Das PK, Sarker MR, Daru P, Reider HL, 2010. Short, highly effective, standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182: 684–692.
Franke MF, Appleton SC, Bayona J, Arteaga F, Palacios E, Llaro K, Shin SS, Becerra MC, Murray MB, Mitnick CD, 2008. Risk factors and mortality associated with default from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Clin Infect Dis 46: 1844–1851.
Shin SS, Pasechnikov AD, Gelmanova IY, Peremitin GG, Strelis AK, Mishustin S, Barnashov A, Karpeichik Y, Andreev YG, Golubchikova VT, Tonkel TP, Yanova GV, Yedilbayev A, Rich ML, Mukherjee JS, Furin JJ, Atwood S, Farmer PE, Keshavjee S, 2007. Adverse reactions among patients being treated for MDR-TB in Tomsk, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11: 1314–1320.
Kim DH, Kim HJ, Park SK, Kong SJ, Kim YS, Kim TH, Kim EK, Lee KM, Lee SS, Park JS, Koh WJ, Lee CH, Kim JY, Shim TS, 2008. Treatment outcomes and long-term survival in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178: 1075–1082.
Mitnick C, Bayona J, Palacios E, Shin S, Furin J, Alcantara F, Sanchez E, Sarria M, Becerra M, Fawzi MC, Kapiga S, Neuberg D, Maguire JH, Kim JY, Farmer P, 2003. Community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru. N Engl J Med 348: 119–128.
World Health Organization, 2011. Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2011. Geneva: WHO/HTM/TB/2011.16.
Dalton T, Cegielski P, Aaksilp S, Asencios L, Caoili JC, Cho SN, Erokhin VV, Ershova J, Gler MT, Kazennyy BY, Kim HJ, Kliiman K, Kurbatova E, Kvasnovsky C, Leimane V, van der Walt M, Via LE, Volchenkov GV, Yagui MA, Kang H; Global PETTS Investigators, Akksilp R, Sitti W, Wattanaamornkiet W, Andreevskaya SN, Chernousova LN, Demikhova OV, Larionova EE, Smirnova TG, Vasilieva IA, Vorobyeva AV, Barry CE 3rd, Cai Y, Shamputa IC, Bayona J, Contreras C, Bonilla C, Jave O, Brand J, Lancaster J, Odendaal R, Chen MP, Diem L, Metchock B, Tan K, Taylor A, Wolfgang M, Cho E, Eum SY, Kwak HK, Lee J, Lee J, Min S, Degtyareva I, Nemtsova ES, Khorosheva T, Kyryanova EV, Egos G, Perez MT, Tupasi T, Hwang SH, Kim CK, Kim SY, Lee HJ, Kuksa L, Norvaisha I, Skenders G, Sture I, Kummik T, Kuznetsova T, Somova T, Levina K, Pariona G, Yale G, Suarez C, Valencia E, Viiklepp P, 2012. Prevalence of and risk factors for resistance to second-line drugs in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 380: 1406–1417.
Gler MT, Macalintal LE, Raymond L, Guilatco R, Quelapio MI, Tupasi TE, 2011. Multi-drug resistant TB among previously treated patients in the Philippines. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15: 652–656.
Rich ML, 2003. The PIH Guide to the Medical Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. International edition. Boston, MA: Partners in Health, 1–146.
ExpertPanel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Over- weight in Adults, 1998. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 899–917.
World Health Organization, 2008. Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Emergency Update 2008. Geneva: WHO/HTM/TB/2008.
Laserson KF, Thorpe LE, Leimane V, Weyer K, Mitnick CD, Riekstina V, Zarovska E, Rich ML, Fraser HS, Alarcón E, Cegielski JP, Grzemska M, Gupta R, Espinal M, 2005. Speaking the same language: treatment outcome definitions for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9: 640–645.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005. Epi Info. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/html/downloads.htm. Accessed December 4, 2011.
Buyse M, 2007. Towards validation of statistically reliable biomarkers. Eur J Cancer, Suppl 5: 89–95.
Hoa NB, Lauritsen JM, Reider HL, 2012. Changes in bodyweight and tuberculosis outcome in Vietnam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 17: 61–66.
Bailey KV, Ferro-Luzzi A, 1995. Use of body mass index of adults in assessing individual and community nutritional status. Bull World Health Organ 73: 673–680.
Dhingra VK, Rajpal S, Mittal A, Hanif M, 2008. Outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases treated by individualized regimens at a tertiary level clinic. Indian J Tuberc 55: 15–21.
Diacon A, Pym A, Grobusch M, Patientia R, Rustomjee R, Page-Shipp L, Pistorius C, Krause R, Bogoshi M, Churchyard G, Venter A, Allen J, Palomino JC, De Marez T, van Heeswijk RP, Lounis N, Meyvisch P, Verbeeck J, Parys W, de Beule K, Andries K, McNeeley DF, 2009. The diarylquinoline TMC 207 for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 360: 2397–2405.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2010. Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS/10.11E/JC1058E.
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Alternatives to culture are needed in high burden countries to assess whether response to treatment of multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is satisfactory. The objective was to assess the association of weight gain and treatment outcome. The methods included analysis of clinical, bacteriologic, and weight from 439 MDR-TB patients in the Philippines. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine whether 5% weight gain during the first 6 months of treatment was associated with outcome. Three hundred and ten (71%) patients were cured and 129 (29%) had poor outcomes (death, defaulted, or failed treatment). Fifty-three percent were underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2) before treatment. Five percent weight gain after completing 3 months of treatment was associated with good outcome among patients who were underweight before treatment (OR 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 4.4). Baseline weight and degree of weight change during the first 6 months of treatment can help identify persons who are more likely to have poor outcomes and require other interventions.
Authors' addresses: Ma Tarcela Gler, Ruffy Guilatco, and Janice C. Caoili, Tropical Disease Foundation, PMDT, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines, E-mails: tarcelasg@yahoo.com, rsguilatco@gmail.com, and janice.caoili@gmail.com. Julia Ershova and Peter Cegielski, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of TB Elimination, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: jhe3@cdc.gov and gzc2@cdc.gov. John L. Johnson, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: jlj@case.edu.
Temple R, 1995. A regulatory authority's opinion about surrogate endpoints. Nimmo WS, Tucker GT, eds. Clinical Measurement in Drug Evaluation. New York: John Wiley, 3–22.
Harries AD, Nkhoma WA, Thompson PJ, Nyangulu DS, Wirima JJ, 1988. Nutritional status in Malawian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and response to chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Nutr 42: 445–450.
Khan A, Sterling TR, Reves R, Vernon A, Horsburgh CR, 2006. Lack of weight gain and relapse risk in a large tuberculosis treatment trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174: 344–348.
Krapp F, Veliz JC, Cornejo E, Gotuzzo E, Seas C, 2008. Bodyweight gain to predict treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 12: 1153–1159.
Onwubalili JK, 1988. Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England. Eur J Clin Nutr 42: 363–366.
Vasantha M, Gopi PG, Subramani R, 2009. Weight gain in patients with tuberculosis treated under directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS). Indian J Tuberc 56: 5–9.
Bark CM, Dietze R, Okwera A, Quelapio MI, Thiel BA, Johnson JL, 2011. Clinical symptoms and microbiological outcomes in tuberculosis treatment trials. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 91: 601–604.
Van Deun A, Maug A, Salim MA, Das PK, Sarker MR, Daru P, Reider HL, 2010. Short, highly effective, standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182: 684–692.
Franke MF, Appleton SC, Bayona J, Arteaga F, Palacios E, Llaro K, Shin SS, Becerra MC, Murray MB, Mitnick CD, 2008. Risk factors and mortality associated with default from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Clin Infect Dis 46: 1844–1851.
Shin SS, Pasechnikov AD, Gelmanova IY, Peremitin GG, Strelis AK, Mishustin S, Barnashov A, Karpeichik Y, Andreev YG, Golubchikova VT, Tonkel TP, Yanova GV, Yedilbayev A, Rich ML, Mukherjee JS, Furin JJ, Atwood S, Farmer PE, Keshavjee S, 2007. Adverse reactions among patients being treated for MDR-TB in Tomsk, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11: 1314–1320.
Kim DH, Kim HJ, Park SK, Kong SJ, Kim YS, Kim TH, Kim EK, Lee KM, Lee SS, Park JS, Koh WJ, Lee CH, Kim JY, Shim TS, 2008. Treatment outcomes and long-term survival in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178: 1075–1082.
Mitnick C, Bayona J, Palacios E, Shin S, Furin J, Alcantara F, Sanchez E, Sarria M, Becerra M, Fawzi MC, Kapiga S, Neuberg D, Maguire JH, Kim JY, Farmer P, 2003. Community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru. N Engl J Med 348: 119–128.
World Health Organization, 2011. Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2011. Geneva: WHO/HTM/TB/2011.16.
Dalton T, Cegielski P, Aaksilp S, Asencios L, Caoili JC, Cho SN, Erokhin VV, Ershova J, Gler MT, Kazennyy BY, Kim HJ, Kliiman K, Kurbatova E, Kvasnovsky C, Leimane V, van der Walt M, Via LE, Volchenkov GV, Yagui MA, Kang H; Global PETTS Investigators, Akksilp R, Sitti W, Wattanaamornkiet W, Andreevskaya SN, Chernousova LN, Demikhova OV, Larionova EE, Smirnova TG, Vasilieva IA, Vorobyeva AV, Barry CE 3rd, Cai Y, Shamputa IC, Bayona J, Contreras C, Bonilla C, Jave O, Brand J, Lancaster J, Odendaal R, Chen MP, Diem L, Metchock B, Tan K, Taylor A, Wolfgang M, Cho E, Eum SY, Kwak HK, Lee J, Lee J, Min S, Degtyareva I, Nemtsova ES, Khorosheva T, Kyryanova EV, Egos G, Perez MT, Tupasi T, Hwang SH, Kim CK, Kim SY, Lee HJ, Kuksa L, Norvaisha I, Skenders G, Sture I, Kummik T, Kuznetsova T, Somova T, Levina K, Pariona G, Yale G, Suarez C, Valencia E, Viiklepp P, 2012. Prevalence of and risk factors for resistance to second-line drugs in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 380: 1406–1417.
Gler MT, Macalintal LE, Raymond L, Guilatco R, Quelapio MI, Tupasi TE, 2011. Multi-drug resistant TB among previously treated patients in the Philippines. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15: 652–656.
Rich ML, 2003. The PIH Guide to the Medical Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. International edition. Boston, MA: Partners in Health, 1–146.
ExpertPanel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Over- weight in Adults, 1998. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 899–917.
World Health Organization, 2008. Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Emergency Update 2008. Geneva: WHO/HTM/TB/2008.
Laserson KF, Thorpe LE, Leimane V, Weyer K, Mitnick CD, Riekstina V, Zarovska E, Rich ML, Fraser HS, Alarcón E, Cegielski JP, Grzemska M, Gupta R, Espinal M, 2005. Speaking the same language: treatment outcome definitions for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9: 640–645.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005. Epi Info. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/epiinfo/html/downloads.htm. Accessed December 4, 2011.
Buyse M, 2007. Towards validation of statistically reliable biomarkers. Eur J Cancer, Suppl 5: 89–95.
Hoa NB, Lauritsen JM, Reider HL, 2012. Changes in bodyweight and tuberculosis outcome in Vietnam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 17: 61–66.
Bailey KV, Ferro-Luzzi A, 1995. Use of body mass index of adults in assessing individual and community nutritional status. Bull World Health Organ 73: 673–680.
Dhingra VK, Rajpal S, Mittal A, Hanif M, 2008. Outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases treated by individualized regimens at a tertiary level clinic. Indian J Tuberc 55: 15–21.
Diacon A, Pym A, Grobusch M, Patientia R, Rustomjee R, Page-Shipp L, Pistorius C, Krause R, Bogoshi M, Churchyard G, Venter A, Allen J, Palomino JC, De Marez T, van Heeswijk RP, Lounis N, Meyvisch P, Verbeeck J, Parys W, de Beule K, Andries K, McNeeley DF, 2009. The diarylquinoline TMC 207 for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 360: 2397–2405.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2010. Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS/10.11E/JC1058E.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1374 | 1139 | 14 |
Full Text Views | 532 | 21 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 204 | 18 | 1 |