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-
1.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
2.
Leake CJ, Ussery MA, Nisalak A, Hoke CH, Andre RG, Burke DS, 1986. Virus isolations from mosquitoes collected during the 1982 Japanese encephalitis epidemic in northern Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 831–837.
-
3.
Pandey BD, Karabatsos N, Cropp B, Tagaki M, Tsuda Y, Ichinose A, Igarashi A, 1999. Identification of a flavivirus isolated from mosquitos in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30: 161–165.
-
4.
Kuno G, 1998. Universal diagnostic RT-PCR protocol for arboviruses. J Virol Methods 72: 27–41.
-
5.
Wallace HG, Rudnick A, Rajagopal V, 1977. Activity of Tembusu and Umbre viruses in a Malaysian community: mosquito studies. Mosq News 37: 35–42.
-
6.
Gordon Smith CE, Simpson DIH, Peto S, Bowen ETW, McMahon D, Platt GS, Way H, Bright WF, Maidment B, 1974. Arbovirus infections in Sarawak: serological studies in man. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68: 96–104.
-
7.
Wolfe ND, Kilbourn AM, Karesh WB, Rahman HA, Bosi EJ, Cropp BC, Andau M, Spielman A, Gubler DJ, 2001. Sylvatic transmission of arboviruses among Bornean orangutans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 310–316.
-
8.
Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Gubler DJ, Lubis SI, Simanjuntak G, Lee VH, Nalim S, Juslis K, See R, 1983. A survey for arboviral antibodies in sera of humans and animals in Lombok, Republic of Indonesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77: 131–137.
-
9.
Yan P, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Dai X, Teng Q, Yan L, Zhou J, Ji X, Zhang S, Liu G, Zhou Y, Kawaoka Y, Tong G, Li Z, 2011. An infectious disease of ducks caused by a newly emerged Tembusu virus strain in mainland China. Virology 417: 1–8.
-
10.
Kono Y, Tsukamoto K, Abd Hamid M, Darus A, Lian TC, Sam LS, Yok CN, Di KB, Lim KT, Yamaguchi S, Narita M, 2000. Encephalitis and retarded growth of chicks caused by Sitiawan virus, a new isolate belonging to the genus Flavivirus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63: 94–101.
-
11.
Su J, Li S, Hu X, Yu X, Wang Y, Liu P, Lu X, Zhang G, Liu D, Li X, Su W, Lu H, Mok NS, Wang P, Wang M, Tian K, Gao GF, 2011. Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus, a new Tembusu-related flavivirus. PLoS One 6: e18106.
-
12.
O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Kondig JP, Fernandez R, Carbajal F, 2004. Field detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the Amazon Basin region of Peru using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction adapted for field identification of arthropod-borne pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 164–171.
-
13.
Turell MJ, Rossignol PA, Spielman A, Rossi CA, Bailey CL, 1984. Enhanced arboviral transmission by mosquitoes that concurrently ingested microfilariae. Science 225: 1039–1041.
-
14.
Rosen L, Gubler D, 1974. The use of mosquitoes to detect and propagate dengue viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 1153–1160.
-
15.
Agresti A, Coull BA, 1998. Approximate is better than “Exact” for interval estimation of binomial proportions. Am Stat 52: 119–126.
-
16.
Kondig JP, Turell MJ, Lee JS, O'Guinn ML, Wasieloski LP Jr, 2007. Genetic analysis of South American eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 408–416.
-
17.
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Houk EJ, 1981. Dissemination barriers for western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Culex tarsalis infected after ingestion of low viral doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 190–197.
-
18.
Hasegawa M, Tuno N, Yen NT, Nam VS, Takagi M, 2008. Influence of the distribution of host species on adult abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors Culex vishnui subgroup and Culex gelidus in a rice-cultivating village in northern Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 159–168.
-
19.
Mitchell CJ, Chen PS, Boreham PF, 1973. Host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 Culex species in an endemic area of Japanese encephalitis. Bull World Health Organ 49: 293–299.
-
20.
Arunachalam N, Samuel PP, Hiriyan J, Rajendran R, Dash AP, 2005. Short report: observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in southern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 198–200.
-
21.
Tang Y, Diao Y, Yu C, Gao X, Ju X, Xue C, Liu X, Ge P, Qu J, Zhang D, 2013. Characterization of a Tembusu virus isolated from naturally infected House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in northern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 60: 152–158.
-
22.
Lien JC, 1962. Non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan: annotated catalog and bibliography. Pac Insects 4: 615–649.
-
23.
Mackenzie JS, Williams DT, 2009. The zoonotic flaviviruses of southern, south-eastern and eastern Asia, and Australasia: the potential for emergent viruses. Zoonoses Public Health 56: 338–356.
-
24.
Simpson DI, Smith CE, Bowen ET, Platt GS, Way H, McMahon D, Bright WF, Hill MN, Mahadevan S, Macdonald WW, 1970. Arbovirus infections in Sarawk: virus isolations from mosquitoes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 64: 137–151.
-
25.
Cao Z, Zhang C, Liu Y, Ye W, Han J, Ma G, Zhang D, Xu F, Gao X, Tang Y, Shi S, Wan C, He B, Yang M, Lu X, Huang Y, Diao Y, Ma X, 2011. Tembusu virus in ducks, China. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1873–1875.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 32 | 32 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 440 | 162 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 29 | 0 |
Field Detection of Tembusu Virus in Western Thailand by RT-PCR and Vector Competence Determination of Select Culex Mosquitoes for Transmission of the Virus
Monica L. O'Guinn
Monica L. O'Guinn
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Michael J. Turell
Michael J. Turell
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ampornpan Kengluecha
Ampornpan Kengluecha
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Boonsong Jaichapor
Boonsong Jaichapor
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Prasan Kankaew
Prasan Kankaew
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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R. Scott Miller
R. Scott Miller
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Timothy P. Endy
Timothy P. Endy
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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James W. Jones
James W. Jones
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Russell E. Coleman
Russell E. Coleman
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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John S. Lee
John S. Lee
Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tembusu virus (TMUV; Ntaya serocomplex) was detected in two pools of mosquitoes captured near Sangkhlaburi, Thailand, as well as from sera from sentinel ducks from the same area. Although TMUV has been isolated from several mosquito species in Asia, no studies have ever shown competent vectors for this virus. Therefore, we allowed mosquitoes captured near Sangkhlaburi to feed on young chickens that had been infected with TMUV. These mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 weeks later to determine infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Culex vishnui developed high viral titers after feeding on TMUV-infected chicks and readily transmitted virus to naïve chickens. In contrast, Cx. fuscocephala seemed less susceptible to infection, and more importantly, zero of five fuscocephala with a disseminated infection transmitted virus by bite, indicating a salivary gland barrier. These results provide evidence for the involvement of Culex mosquitoes in the transmission of TMUV in the environment.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported through the joint partnership between the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, and it was funded in part by the Military Infectious Disease Research Program Projects U0014_02_RD and U0014_03_RD.
Authors' addresses: Monica L. O'Guinn, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, E-mail: monica.oguinn@us.army.mil. Michael J. Turell, Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, E-mail: michael.j.turell@us.army.mil. Ampornpan Kengluecha, Boonsong Jaichapor, and James W. Jones, Department of Entomology, US Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: ampornpank@afrims.org, boonsongj@afrims.org, and james.jones@afrims.org. Prasan Kankaew, Department of Geography, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, E-mail: prasankankaew@yahoo.com. R. Scott Miller and Russell E. Coleman, US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity, Frederick, MD, E-mails: robert.s.miller@us.army.mil and russell.coleman@us.army.mil. Timothy P. Endy, Department of Medicine, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, E-mail: endyt@upstate.edu. John S. Lee, Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: john.s.lee13@gmail.com.
Reprint requests: John S. Lee, Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, E-mail: john.s.lee13@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
2.
Leake CJ, Ussery MA, Nisalak A, Hoke CH, Andre RG, Burke DS, 1986. Virus isolations from mosquitoes collected during the 1982 Japanese encephalitis epidemic in northern Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 831–837.
-
3.
Pandey BD, Karabatsos N, Cropp B, Tagaki M, Tsuda Y, Ichinose A, Igarashi A, 1999. Identification of a flavivirus isolated from mosquitos in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30: 161–165.
-
4.
Kuno G, 1998. Universal diagnostic RT-PCR protocol for arboviruses. J Virol Methods 72: 27–41.
-
5.
Wallace HG, Rudnick A, Rajagopal V, 1977. Activity of Tembusu and Umbre viruses in a Malaysian community: mosquito studies. Mosq News 37: 35–42.
-
6.
Gordon Smith CE, Simpson DIH, Peto S, Bowen ETW, McMahon D, Platt GS, Way H, Bright WF, Maidment B, 1974. Arbovirus infections in Sarawak: serological studies in man. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68: 96–104.
-
7.
Wolfe ND, Kilbourn AM, Karesh WB, Rahman HA, Bosi EJ, Cropp BC, Andau M, Spielman A, Gubler DJ, 2001. Sylvatic transmission of arboviruses among Bornean orangutans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 310–316.
-
8.
Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Gubler DJ, Lubis SI, Simanjuntak G, Lee VH, Nalim S, Juslis K, See R, 1983. A survey for arboviral antibodies in sera of humans and animals in Lombok, Republic of Indonesia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77: 131–137.
-
9.
Yan P, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Dai X, Teng Q, Yan L, Zhou J, Ji X, Zhang S, Liu G, Zhou Y, Kawaoka Y, Tong G, Li Z, 2011. An infectious disease of ducks caused by a newly emerged Tembusu virus strain in mainland China. Virology 417: 1–8.
-
10.
Kono Y, Tsukamoto K, Abd Hamid M, Darus A, Lian TC, Sam LS, Yok CN, Di KB, Lim KT, Yamaguchi S, Narita M, 2000. Encephalitis and retarded growth of chicks caused by Sitiawan virus, a new isolate belonging to the genus Flavivirus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63: 94–101.
-
11.
Su J, Li S, Hu X, Yu X, Wang Y, Liu P, Lu X, Zhang G, Liu D, Li X, Su W, Lu H, Mok NS, Wang P, Wang M, Tian K, Gao GF, 2011. Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus, a new Tembusu-related flavivirus. PLoS One 6: e18106.
-
12.
O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Kondig JP, Fernandez R, Carbajal F, 2004. Field detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the Amazon Basin region of Peru using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction adapted for field identification of arthropod-borne pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 164–171.
-
13.
Turell MJ, Rossignol PA, Spielman A, Rossi CA, Bailey CL, 1984. Enhanced arboviral transmission by mosquitoes that concurrently ingested microfilariae. Science 225: 1039–1041.
-
14.
Rosen L, Gubler D, 1974. The use of mosquitoes to detect and propagate dengue viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 1153–1160.
-
15.
Agresti A, Coull BA, 1998. Approximate is better than “Exact” for interval estimation of binomial proportions. Am Stat 52: 119–126.
-
16.
Kondig JP, Turell MJ, Lee JS, O'Guinn ML, Wasieloski LP Jr, 2007. Genetic analysis of South American eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 408–416.
-
17.
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Houk EJ, 1981. Dissemination barriers for western equine encephalomyelitis virus in Culex tarsalis infected after ingestion of low viral doses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 190–197.
-
18.
Hasegawa M, Tuno N, Yen NT, Nam VS, Takagi M, 2008. Influence of the distribution of host species on adult abundance of Japanese encephalitis vectors Culex vishnui subgroup and Culex gelidus in a rice-cultivating village in northern Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 159–168.
-
19.
Mitchell CJ, Chen PS, Boreham PF, 1973. Host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 Culex species in an endemic area of Japanese encephalitis. Bull World Health Organ 49: 293–299.
-
20.
Arunachalam N, Samuel PP, Hiriyan J, Rajendran R, Dash AP, 2005. Short report: observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in southern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 198–200.
-
21.
Tang Y, Diao Y, Yu C, Gao X, Ju X, Xue C, Liu X, Ge P, Qu J, Zhang D, 2013. Characterization of a Tembusu virus isolated from naturally infected House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in northern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 60: 152–158.
-
22.
Lien JC, 1962. Non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan: annotated catalog and bibliography. Pac Insects 4: 615–649.
-
23.
Mackenzie JS, Williams DT, 2009. The zoonotic flaviviruses of southern, south-eastern and eastern Asia, and Australasia: the potential for emergent viruses. Zoonoses Public Health 56: 338–356.
-
24.
Simpson DI, Smith CE, Bowen ET, Platt GS, Way H, McMahon D, Bright WF, Hill MN, Mahadevan S, Macdonald WW, 1970. Arbovirus infections in Sarawk: virus isolations from mosquitoes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 64: 137–151.
-
25.
Cao Z, Zhang C, Liu Y, Ye W, Han J, Ma G, Zhang D, Xu F, Gao X, Tang Y, Shi S, Wan C, He B, Yang M, Lu X, Huang Y, Diao Y, Ma X, 2011. Tembusu virus in ducks, China. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1873–1875.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 32 | 32 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 440 | 162 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 29 | 0 |