Focks DA, 2003. A Review of Entomological Sampling Methods and Indicators for Dengue Vectors. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
Getis A, Morrison AC, Gray K, Scott TW, 2003. Characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in Iquitos, Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 494–505.
Scott TW, Amerasinghe PH, Morrison AC, Lorenz LH, Clark GG, Strickman D, Kittayapong P, Edman JD, 2000. Longitudinal studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Puerto Rico: blood feeding frequency. J Med Entomol 37: 89–101.
Scott TW, Morrison AC, Lorenz LH, Clark GG, Strickman D, Kittayapong P, Zhou H, Edman JD, 2000. Longitudinal studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Puerto Rico: population dynamics. J Med Entomol 37: 77–88.
Barbazan P, Tuntaprasart W, Souris M, Demoraes F, Nitatpattana N, Boonyuan W, Gonzalez J, 2008. Assessment of a new strategy based on Aedes aegypti (L.) pupal productivity, for the surveillance and control of dengue transmission in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 161–171.
Harrington LC, Scott TW, Lerdthusnee K, Coleman RC, Costero A, Clark GG, Jones JJ, Kitthawee S, Kittayapong P, Sithiprasasna R, Edman JD, 2005. Dispersal of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti within and between rural communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 209–220.
Chansang C, Kittayapong P, 2007. Application of mosquito sampling count and geospatial methods to improve dengue vector surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 897–902.
Maciel-de-Freitas R, Souza-Santos R, Codeço CT, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, 2010. Influence of the spatial distribution of human hosts and large size containers on the dispersal of the mosquito Aedes aegypti within the first gonotrophic cycle. Med Vet Entomol 24: 74–82.
Edman JD, Scott TW, Costero A, Morrison AC, Harrington LC, Clark GG, 1998. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) movement influenced by availability of oviposition sites. J Med Entomol 35: 578–583.
Reiter P, 2007. Oviposition, dispersal, and survival in Aedes aegypti: implications for the efficacy of control strategies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7: 261–273.
Aldstadt J, Koenraadt CJ, Fansiri T, Kijchalao U, Richardson J, Jones JW, Scott TW, 2011. Ecological modeling of Aedes aegypti (L.) pupal production in rural Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e940.
Darsie RF Jr, Ward RA, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Strickman D, Kittayapong P, 1993. Laboratory demonstration of oviposition by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in covered water jars. J Med Entomol 30: 937–949.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Galvin WA, Kelly R, Kitron U, 2009. A new, cost-effective, battery-powered aspirator for adult mosquito collections. J Med Entomol 46: 1256–1259.
Cressie NAC, 1993. Statistics for Spatial Data. Second edition. New York: Wiley.
Banerjee S, Carlin BP, Gelfand AE, 2004. Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Maciel-De-Freitas R, Codeço CT, Lourenço-De-Oliveira R, 2007. Daily survival rates and dispersal of Aedes aegypti females in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 659–665.
McDonald PT, 1977. Population characteristics of domestic Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in villages on the Kenya coast. J Med Entomol 14: 49–53.
Trips M, Hausermann W, 1986. Dispersal and other population parameters of Aedes aegypti in an African village and their possible significance in epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 1263–1279.
Ordóñez-Gonzalez JG, Mercado-Hernandez R, Flores-Suarez AE, Fernández-Salas I, 2001. The use of sticky ovitraps to estimate dispersal of Aedes aegypti in northeastern Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 93–97.
Stoddard ST, Forshey BM, Morrison AC, Paz-Soldan VA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Astete H, Reiner RC, Vilcarromero S, Elder JP, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Kitron U, Scott TW, 2013. House-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 994–999.
Maciel-de-Freitas R, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, 2011. Does targeting key-containers effectively reduce Aedes aegypti population density? Trop Med Int Health 16: 965–973.
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Mosquito management within households remains central to the control of dengue virus transmission. An important factor in these management decisions is the spatial clustering of Aedes aegypti. We measured spatial clustering of Ae. aegypti in the town of Borbón, Ecuador and assessed what characteristics of breeding containers influenced the clustering. We used logistic regression to assess the spatial extent of that clustering. We found strong evidence for juvenile mosquito clustering within 20 m and for adult mosquito clustering within 10 m, and stronger clustering associations for containers ≥ 40 L than those < 40 L. Aedes aegypti clusters persisted after adjusting for various container characteristics, suggesting that patterns are likely attributable to short dispersal distances rather than shared characteristics of containers in cluster areas. These findings have implications for targeting Ae. aegypti control efforts.
Financial support: This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (RO1AI050038), the University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research.
Authors' addresses: Nathaniel H. Schafrick, Mark L. Wilson, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, E-mails: natescha@umich.edu, wilsonml@umich.edu, and jnse@umich.edu. Meghan O. Milbrath and Veronica J. Berrocal, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, E-mails: meghanom@umaich.edu, and berrocal@umich.edu.
Focks DA, 2003. A Review of Entomological Sampling Methods and Indicators for Dengue Vectors. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
Getis A, Morrison AC, Gray K, Scott TW, 2003. Characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in Iquitos, Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 494–505.
Scott TW, Amerasinghe PH, Morrison AC, Lorenz LH, Clark GG, Strickman D, Kittayapong P, Edman JD, 2000. Longitudinal studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Puerto Rico: blood feeding frequency. J Med Entomol 37: 89–101.
Scott TW, Morrison AC, Lorenz LH, Clark GG, Strickman D, Kittayapong P, Zhou H, Edman JD, 2000. Longitudinal studies of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Puerto Rico: population dynamics. J Med Entomol 37: 77–88.
Barbazan P, Tuntaprasart W, Souris M, Demoraes F, Nitatpattana N, Boonyuan W, Gonzalez J, 2008. Assessment of a new strategy based on Aedes aegypti (L.) pupal productivity, for the surveillance and control of dengue transmission in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 161–171.
Harrington LC, Scott TW, Lerdthusnee K, Coleman RC, Costero A, Clark GG, Jones JJ, Kitthawee S, Kittayapong P, Sithiprasasna R, Edman JD, 2005. Dispersal of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti within and between rural communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 209–220.
Chansang C, Kittayapong P, 2007. Application of mosquito sampling count and geospatial methods to improve dengue vector surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 897–902.
Maciel-de-Freitas R, Souza-Santos R, Codeço CT, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, 2010. Influence of the spatial distribution of human hosts and large size containers on the dispersal of the mosquito Aedes aegypti within the first gonotrophic cycle. Med Vet Entomol 24: 74–82.
Edman JD, Scott TW, Costero A, Morrison AC, Harrington LC, Clark GG, 1998. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) movement influenced by availability of oviposition sites. J Med Entomol 35: 578–583.
Reiter P, 2007. Oviposition, dispersal, and survival in Aedes aegypti: implications for the efficacy of control strategies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7: 261–273.
Aldstadt J, Koenraadt CJ, Fansiri T, Kijchalao U, Richardson J, Jones JW, Scott TW, 2011. Ecological modeling of Aedes aegypti (L.) pupal production in rural Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e940.
Darsie RF Jr, Ward RA, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Strickman D, Kittayapong P, 1993. Laboratory demonstration of oviposition by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in covered water jars. J Med Entomol 30: 937–949.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Galvin WA, Kelly R, Kitron U, 2009. A new, cost-effective, battery-powered aspirator for adult mosquito collections. J Med Entomol 46: 1256–1259.
Cressie NAC, 1993. Statistics for Spatial Data. Second edition. New York: Wiley.
Banerjee S, Carlin BP, Gelfand AE, 2004. Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Maciel-De-Freitas R, Codeço CT, Lourenço-De-Oliveira R, 2007. Daily survival rates and dispersal of Aedes aegypti females in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 659–665.
McDonald PT, 1977. Population characteristics of domestic Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in villages on the Kenya coast. J Med Entomol 14: 49–53.
Trips M, Hausermann W, 1986. Dispersal and other population parameters of Aedes aegypti in an African village and their possible significance in epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 1263–1279.
Ordóñez-Gonzalez JG, Mercado-Hernandez R, Flores-Suarez AE, Fernández-Salas I, 2001. The use of sticky ovitraps to estimate dispersal of Aedes aegypti in northeastern Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 93–97.
Stoddard ST, Forshey BM, Morrison AC, Paz-Soldan VA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Astete H, Reiner RC, Vilcarromero S, Elder JP, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Kitron U, Scott TW, 2013. House-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 994–999.
Maciel-de-Freitas R, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, 2011. Does targeting key-containers effectively reduce Aedes aegypti population density? Trop Med Int Health 16: 965–973.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 671 | 447 | 183 |
Full Text Views | 422 | 12 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 131 | 6 | 0 |