Marrie TJ, 1990. Q fever—a review. Can Vet J 31: 555–563.
Maurin M, Raoult D, 1999. Q fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 12: 518–553.
van Loenhout JA, Paget WJ, Vercoulen JH, Wijkmans CJ, Hautvast JL, van der Velden K, 2012. Assessing the long-term health impact of Q-fever in The Netherlands: a prospective cohort study started in 2007 on the largest documented Q-fever outbreak to date. BMC Infect Dis 12: 280–285.
Thompson HA, Dennis DT, Dasch GA, 2005. Q fever. Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE, eds. Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 328–342.
Woldehiwet Z, 2004. Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Res Vet Sci 77: 93–100.
Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Mason PR, Raoult D, 1993. Q fever in Zimbabwe. A review of the disease and the results of a serosurvey of humans, cattle, goats and dogs. S Afr Med J 83: 21–25.
Dupont HT, Brouqui P, Faugere B, Raoult D, 1995. Prevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia conorii, and Rickettsia typhi in seven African countries. Clin Infect Dis 21: 1126–1133.
Ghirotti M, Semproni G, De Meneghi D, Mungaba FN, Nannini D, Calzetta G, Paganico G, 1991. Sero-prevalences of selected cattle diseases in the Kafue flats of Zambia. Vet Res Commun 15: 25–36.
Okabayashi T, Hasebe F, Samui KL, Mweene AS, Pandey SG, Yanase T, Muramatsu Y, Ueno H, Morita C, 1999. Prevalence of antibodies against spotted fever, murine typhus, and Q fever rickettsiae in humans living in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 70–72.
Ratmanov P, Bassene H, Fenollar F, Tall A, Sokhna C, Raoult D, Mediannikov O, 2013. The correlation of Q fever and Coxiella burnetii DNA in household environments in rural Senegal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 70–72.
Willems H, Thiele D, Frölich-Ritter R, Krauss H, 1994. Detection of Coxiella burnetii in cow's milk using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 41: 580–587.
Berri M, Laroucau K, Rodolakis A, 2000. The detection of Coxiella burnetii from ovine genital swabs, milk and fecal samples by the use of a single touchdown polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 72: 285–293.
Vaidya VM, Malik SV, Kaur S, Kumar S, Barbuddhe SB, 2008. Comparison of PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and pathogen isolation for diagnosis of Q fever in humans with spontaneous abortions. J Clin Microbiol 46: 2038–2044.
Fishbein DB, Raoult D, 1992. A cluster of Coxiella burnetii infections associated with exposure to vaccinated goats and their unpasteurized dairy products. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 35–40.
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Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium. The investigation of C. burnetii infection in Zambian livestock was carried out using molecular detection techniques. A total of 489 cattle and 53 goat blood samples were collected from Chama, Chongwe, Monze, and Petauke districts in Zambia. Molecular screening by polymerase chain reaction was performed using C. burnetii-species-specific primers. In total, 38 cattle and 4 goat samples were positive. The prevalence of C. burnetii differed among the four sites, with Chama (Eastern province) recording the highest, although Monze (Southern province) did not record any case of the bacteria. This study reports the first genetic detection of C. burnetii in Zambia.
Financial support: This work was financially supported by the program of Funding Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).
Authors' addresses: Yongjin Qiu and Chihiro Sugimoto, Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan, E-mails: yongjin_qiu@czc.hokudai.ac.jp and sugimoto@czc.hokudai.ac.jp. Ryo Nakao, Division of Collaboration and Education, and Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, E-mail: ryo.nakao@czc.hokudai.ac.jp. Boniface Namangala, Department of Paraclinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, E-mail: boniface_1020@yahoo.com.
Marrie TJ, 1990. Q fever—a review. Can Vet J 31: 555–563.
Maurin M, Raoult D, 1999. Q fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 12: 518–553.
van Loenhout JA, Paget WJ, Vercoulen JH, Wijkmans CJ, Hautvast JL, van der Velden K, 2012. Assessing the long-term health impact of Q-fever in The Netherlands: a prospective cohort study started in 2007 on the largest documented Q-fever outbreak to date. BMC Infect Dis 12: 280–285.
Thompson HA, Dennis DT, Dasch GA, 2005. Q fever. Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE, eds. Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 328–342.
Woldehiwet Z, 2004. Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Res Vet Sci 77: 93–100.
Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Mason PR, Raoult D, 1993. Q fever in Zimbabwe. A review of the disease and the results of a serosurvey of humans, cattle, goats and dogs. S Afr Med J 83: 21–25.
Dupont HT, Brouqui P, Faugere B, Raoult D, 1995. Prevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia conorii, and Rickettsia typhi in seven African countries. Clin Infect Dis 21: 1126–1133.
Ghirotti M, Semproni G, De Meneghi D, Mungaba FN, Nannini D, Calzetta G, Paganico G, 1991. Sero-prevalences of selected cattle diseases in the Kafue flats of Zambia. Vet Res Commun 15: 25–36.
Okabayashi T, Hasebe F, Samui KL, Mweene AS, Pandey SG, Yanase T, Muramatsu Y, Ueno H, Morita C, 1999. Prevalence of antibodies against spotted fever, murine typhus, and Q fever rickettsiae in humans living in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 70–72.
Ratmanov P, Bassene H, Fenollar F, Tall A, Sokhna C, Raoult D, Mediannikov O, 2013. The correlation of Q fever and Coxiella burnetii DNA in household environments in rural Senegal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 70–72.
Willems H, Thiele D, Frölich-Ritter R, Krauss H, 1994. Detection of Coxiella burnetii in cow's milk using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 41: 580–587.
Berri M, Laroucau K, Rodolakis A, 2000. The detection of Coxiella burnetii from ovine genital swabs, milk and fecal samples by the use of a single touchdown polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 72: 285–293.
Vaidya VM, Malik SV, Kaur S, Kumar S, Barbuddhe SB, 2008. Comparison of PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and pathogen isolation for diagnosis of Q fever in humans with spontaneous abortions. J Clin Microbiol 46: 2038–2044.
Fishbein DB, Raoult D, 1992. A cluster of Coxiella burnetii infections associated with exposure to vaccinated goats and their unpasteurized dairy products. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 35–40.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 831 | 799 | 680 |
Full Text Views | 462 | 11 | 6 |
PDF Downloads | 128 | 10 | 4 |