Molecular Detection and Identification of Bartonella Species in Rat Fleas from Northeastern Thailand

Sarah A. Billeter Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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Leah Colton Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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Somboon Sangmaneedet Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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Fanan Suksawat Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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Brian P. Evans Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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Michael Y. Kosoy Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

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The presence of Bartonella species in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas collected from Rattus spp. (R. exulans, R. norvegicus, and R. rattus) in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand was investigated. One hundred ninety-three fleas obtained from 62 rats, were screened by polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region, and the presence of Bartonella DNA was confirmed by using the citrate synthase gene. Bartonella DNA was detected in 59.1% (114 of 193) of fleas examined. Sequencing demonstrated the presence of Bartonella spp. similar to B. elizabethae, B. rattimassiliensis, B. rochalimae, and B. tribocorum in the samples tested with a cutoff for sequence similarity ≥ 96% and 4 clustered together with the closest match with B. grahamii (95.5% identity). If X. cheopis proves to be a competent vector of these species, our results suggest that humans and animals residing in this area may be at risk for infection by several zoonotic Bartonella species.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Michael Y. Kosoy, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521. E-mail: mck3@cdc.gov

Financial support: This study was supported by an American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Robert E. Shope International Fellowship to Sarah A. Billeter.

Authors' addresses: Sarah A. Billeter, Leah Colton, and Michael Y. Kosoy, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: ina8@cdc.gov, ant6@cdc.gov, and mck3@cdc.gov. Somboon Sangmaneedet and Fanan Suksawat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Amphur Mueng, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mails: sombn_sa@kku.ac.th and jsvetmed@yahoo.com. Brian P. Evans, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: brian.patrick.evans@us.army.mil.

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