Molecular Detection of Rickettsia felis in Different Flea Species from Caldas, Colombia

Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Viviana Montoya Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Alejandra Martínez Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Jorge E. Pérez Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Marcela Mercado Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Alberto de la Ossa Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Carolina Vélez Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Gloria Estrada Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Maria I. Correa Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Laura Duque Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Juan S. Ariza Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Cesar Henao Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Gustavo Valbuena Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Marylin Hidalgo Grupo Parasitología Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Facultad Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

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Rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia felis are an emergent global threat. Historically, the northern region of the province of Caldas in Colombia has reported murine typhus cases, and recently, serological studies confirmed high seroprevalence for both R. felis and R. typhi. In the present study, fleas from seven municipalities were collected from dogs, cats, and mice. DNA was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify gltA, ompB, and 17kD genes. Positive samples were sequenced to identify the species of Rickettsia. Of 1,341 fleas, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (76.7%). Positive PCR results in the three genes were evidenced in C. felis (minimum infection rates; 5.3%), C. canis (9.2%), and Pulex irritans (10.0%). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analyses of sequences showed high identity values (> 98%) with R. felis, and all were highly related by phylogenetic analyses. This work shows the first detection of R. felis in fleas collected from animals in Colombia.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Marylin Hidalgo, Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 No 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail: hidalgo.m@javeriana.edu.co
† These authors contributed equally.

Financial support: This study was supported by Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Grant PY003532.

Authors' addresses: Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, Grupo ParasitologíaVeterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mail: aramirezhe@unal.edu.co. Viviana Montoya, Alejandra Martínez, Marcela Mercado, and Marylin Hidalgo, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mails: pmontoya@javeriana.edu.co, amartinezr@javeriana.edu.co, mmercado@javeriana.edu.co, and hidalgo.m@javeriana.edu.co. Jorge E. Pérez, Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia, E-mail: labmicro@ucaldas.edu.co. Alberto de la Ossa and Carolina Vélez, Dirección Territorial de Salud de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia, E-mails: tomasossa@hotmail.com and carovelez@hotmail.com. Gloria Estrada, Departamento de Bacteriología, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia, E-mail: gestrada19@gmail.com. María I. Correa, Laura Duque, Juan S. Ariza, and Cesar Henao, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia, E-mails: mariaico00@hotmail.com, lalitaduque7@hotmail.com, juanariza1709@hotmail.com, and cesar.a.velez@hotmail.com. Gustavo Valbuena, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: gvalbuen@utmb.edu.

Reprint requests: Marylin Hidalgo, Grupo Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 No 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mail: hidalgo.m@javeriana.edu.co.

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