Author:
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Respondents characteristics.
- Identification of illness and perceived symptoms.
- Perceived causes of illness and related treatment practices.
- Perceived social impact of diarrheal illness.
- Acceptability of vaccines as a way to prevent acute watery diarrhea in children.
- Socioeconomic determinants of anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Effect of illness beliefs on anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Effect of psychosocial impact of childhood diarrhea on anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bernstein DI, 2009. Rotavirus overview. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28: S50–S53.
-
2.
Clark AD, Walker DG, Mosqueira NR, Penny ME, Lanata CF, Fox-Rushby J, Sanderson CF, 2009. Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Peru. J Infect Dis 200: S114–S124.
-
3.
Nichter M, 1995. Vaccinations in the third world: a consideration of community demand. Soc Sci Med 41: 617–632.
-
4.
Streefland PH, 2001. Public doubts about vaccination safety and resistance against vaccination. Health Policy 55: 159–172.
-
5.
Stanton BF, 2004. Assessment of relevant cultural considerations is essential for the success of a vaccine. J Health Popul Nutr 22: 286–292.
-
6.
Parashar UD, Burton A, Lanata C, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Steele D, Birmingham M, Glass RI, 2009. Global mortality associated with rotavirus disease among children in 2004. J Infect Dis 200: S9–S15.
-
7.
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD, the WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus surveillance Network, 2012. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 136–141.
-
8.
Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Campbell H, Cibulskis R, Li M, Mathers C, Black RE, Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO, UNICEF, 2012. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 379: 2151–2161.
-
9.
Guerrant RL, Hughes JM, Lima NL, Crane J, 1990. Diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. Rev Infect Dis 12 (Suppl 1): S41–S50.
-
10.
Moyo SJ, Gro N, Kirsti V, Matee MI, Kitundu J, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Myrmel H, 2007. Prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus among children with diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. BMC Public Health 7: 359.
-
11.
Hamer DH, Simon JC, Thea DM, Keusch GT, 1998. Childhood diarrhea in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: United States. Agency for International Development. Child Health Research Project.
-
12.
Samie A, Guerrant RL, Barrett L, Bessong PO, Igumbor EO, Obi CL, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial pathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarroeal human stools from Vhembe district, South Africa. J Health Popul Nutr 27: 739–745.
-
13.
World Health Organization, 2009. Rotavirus vaccines: an update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 533–540.
-
14.
Tate JE, Parashar UD, 2011. Monitoring impact and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 10: 1123–1125.
-
15.
Tate JE, Kisakye A, Mugyenyi P, Kizza D, Odiit A, Braka F, 2011. Projected health benefits and costs of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination in Uganda. Vaccine 29: 3329–3334.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2010. Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 85: 117–128.
-
17.
Chaignat CL, Monti V, 2007. Use of oral cholera vaccine in complex emergencies: what next? Summary report of an expert meeting and recommendations of WHO. J Health Popul Nutr 25: 244–261.
-
18.
Ali M, Lopez AL, You YA, Kim YE, Sah B, Maskery B, Clemens J, 2012. The global burden of cholera. Bull World Health Organ 90: 209–218A.
-
19.
Desai SN, Clemens JD, 2012. An overview of cholera vaccines and their public health implications. Curr Opin Pediatr 24: 85–91.
-
20.
Lucas ME, Deen JL, von Seidlein L, Wang XY, Ampuero J, Puri M, Ali M, Ansaruzzaman M, Amos J, Macuamule A, Cavailler P, Guerin PJ, Mahoudeau C, Kahozi-Sangwa P, Chaignat CL, Barreto A, Songane FF, Clemens JD, 2005. Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique. N Engl J Med 352: 757–767.
-
21.
Cavailler P, Lucas M, Perroud V, McChesney M, Ampuero S, Guerin PJ, Legros D, Nierle T, Mahoudeau C, Lab B, Kahozi P, Deen JL, von Seidlein L, Wang XY, Puri M, Ali M, Clemens JD, Songane F, Baptista A, Ismael F, Barreto A, Chaignat CL, 2006. Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. Vaccine 24: 4890–4895.
-
22.
Jegede AS, 2007. What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PLoS Med 4: e73.
-
23.
Feldman-Savelsberg P, Ndonko FT, Schmidt-Ehry B, 2000. Sterilizing vaccines or the politics of the womb: retrospective study of a rumor in Cameroon. Med Anthropol Q 14: 159–179.
-
24.
Schuster S, 2006. Rumors on “sterilizing” vaccines: mistrust, bioethics and research on new contraceptive technologies. Curare 29: 59–70.
-
25.
Pool R, Munguambe K, Macete E, Aide P, Juma G, Alonso P, Menendez C, 2006. Community response to intermittent preventive treatment delivered to infants (IPTi) through the EPI system in Manhica, Mozambique. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1670–1678.
-
26.
Leach M, Fairhead J, 2005. Vaccine Anxieties: Global Science, Child Health and Society. London, UK: Earthscan.
-
27.
Patel MM, Janssen AP, Tardif RR, Herring M, Parashar UD, 2007. A qualitative assessment of factors influencing acceptance of a new rotavirus vaccine among health care providers and consumers. BMC Pediatr 7: 32.
-
28.
Braka F, Asiimwe D, Soud F, Lewis RF, Makumbi I, Gust D, 2012. A qualitative analysis of vaccine safety perceptions and concerns among caretakers in Uganda. Matern Child Health J 16: 1045–1052.
-
29.
Mutua MK, Kimani-Murage E, Ettarh RR, 2011. Childhood vaccination in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: who gets vaccinated? BMC Public Health 11: 6.
-
30.
Odusanya OO, Alufohai EF, Meurice FP, Ahonkhai VI, 2008. Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria. BMC Public Health 8: 381.
-
31.
Cassell JA, Leach M, Fairhead JR, Small M, Mercer CH, 2006. The social shaping of childhood vaccination practice in rural and urban Gambia. Health Policy Plan 21: 373–391.
-
32.
Sia D, Fournier P, Kobiane JF, Sondo BK, 2009. Rates of coverage and determinants of complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso (1998–2003). BMC Public Health 9: 416.
-
33.
Nankabirwa V, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK, Sommerfelt H, Promise-ebf Study Group, 2010. Maternal education is associated with vaccination status of infants less than 6 months in eastern Uganda: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 10: 92.
-
34.
Kamat VR, 2006. “I thought it was only ordinary fever!” cultural knowledge and the micropolitics of therapy seeking for childhood febrile illness in Tanzania. Soc Sci Med 62: 2945–2959.
-
35.
Tolhurst R, Amekudzi YP, Nyonator FK, Squire SB, Theobald S, 2008. “He will ask why the child gets sick so often”: the gender dynamics of intra-household bargaining over healthcare for children with fever in the Volta Region of Ghana. Soc Sci Med 66: 1106–1117.
-
36.
Fatiregun AA, Okoro AO, 2012. Maternal determinants of complete child immunization among children aged 12–23 months in a southern district of Nigeria. Vaccine 30: 730–736.
-
37.
Kandala NB, Emina JB, Nzita PD, Cappuccio FP, 2009. Diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, and fever among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Soc Sci Med 68: 1728–1736.
-
38.
Bompangue D, Giraudoux P, Handschumacher P, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Ekwanzala M, Kebela I, Piarroux R, 2008. Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 798–800.
-
39.
Merten S, Schaetti C, Manianga C, Lapika B, Chaignat C-L, Hutubessy R, Weiss MG, 2013. Local perceptions of cholera and anticipated vaccine acceptance in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. BMC Public Health 13: 60.
-
40.
Lincz LF, Scorgie FE, Enjeti A, Seldon M, 2012. Variable plasma levels of factor V Leiden correlate with circulating platelet microparticles in carriers of factor V Leiden. Thromb Res 129: 192–196.
-
41.
Weiss MG, 2001. Cultural epidemiology: an introduction and overview. Anthropol Med 8: 5–29.
-
42.
Schaetti C, Hutubessy R, Ali SM, Pach A, Weiss MG, Chaignat CL, Khatib AM, 2009. Oral cholera vaccine use in Zanzibar: socioeconomic and behavioural features affecting demand and acceptance. BMC Public Health 9: 99.
-
43.
Weiss MG, 1997. Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC): framework for comparative study of illness. Transcult Psychiatry 34: 235–263.
-
44.
Viney R, Lancsar E, Louviere J, 2002. Discrete choice experiments to measure consumer preferences for health and healthcare. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2: 319–326.
-
45.
Oluwadare C, 2009. The social determinants of routine immunisation in Ekiti State of Nigeria. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 3: 49–56.
-
46.
Renne E, 2006. Perspectives on polio and immunization in northern Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 63: 1857–1869.
-
47.
Bastien JW, 1995. Cross cultural communication of tetanus vaccinations in Bolivia. Soc Sci Med 41: 77–86.
-
48.
Kishor S, 2005. A Focus on Gender: Collected Papers on Gender Using DHS Data. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
-
49.
Castle SE, 1994. The (re)negotiation of illness diagnoses and responsibility for child death in rural Mali. Anthropol Q 8: 314–335.
-
50.
Mabilia M, 2000. The cultural context of childhood diarrhoea among Gogo infants. Anthropol Med 7: 191–208.
-
51.
Leive A, Xu K, 2008. Coping with out-of-pocket health payments: empirical evidence from 15 African countries. Bull World Health Organ 86: 849–856.
-
52.
Coreil J, Augustin A, Halsey NA, Holt E, 1994. Social and psychological costs of preventive child health-services in Haiti. Soc Sci Med 38: 231–238.
-
53.
Schwarz NG, Gysels M, Pell C, Gabor J, Schlie M, Issifou S, Lell B, Kremsner PG, Grobusch MP, Pool R, 2009. Reasons for non-adherence to vaccination at mother and child care clinics (MCCs) in Lambarene, Gabon. Vaccine 27: 5371–5375.
-
54.
Bedregal P, Zavala C, Atria J, Nunez G, Pinto MJ, Valdes S, 2009. Access to social networks and health care among extremely poor people. Rev Med Chil 137: 753–758.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 35 | 35 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 487 | 149 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 139 | 21 | 0 |
Sociocultural Determinants of Anticipated Vaccine Acceptance for Acute Watery Diarrhea in Early Childhood in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Sonja Merten
Sonja Merten
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Christian Schaetti
Christian Schaetti
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cele Manianga
Cele Manianga
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bruno Lapika
Bruno Lapika
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Raymond Hutubessy
Raymond Hutubessy
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Claire-Lise Chaignat
Claire-Lise Chaignat
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mitchell Weiss
Mitchell Weiss
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Initiative for Vaccine Research and Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rotavirus and oral cholera vaccines have the potential to reduce diarrhea-related child mortality in low-income settings and are recommended by the World Health Organization. Uptake of vaccination depends on community support, and is based on local priorities. This study investigates local perceptions of acute watery diarrhea in childhood and anticipated vaccine acceptance in two sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2010, 360 randomly selected non-affected adults were interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Witchcraft and breastfeeding were perceived as potential cause of acute watery diarrhea by 51% and 48% of respondents. Despite misperceptions, anticipated vaccine acceptance at no cost was 99%. The strongest predictor of anticipated vaccine acceptance if costs were assumed was the educational level of the respondents. Results suggest that the introduction of vaccines is a local priority and local (mis)perceptions of illness do not compromise vaccine acceptability if the vaccine is affordable.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Sonja Merten, Christian Schaetti, and Mitchell Weiss, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel 4002, Switzerland, E-mails: sonja.merten@unibas.ch, christian.schaetti@unibas.ch, and mitchell-g.weiss@unibas.ch. Cele Manianga and Bruno Lapika, Institut d'Anthropologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, E-mails: cmanianga@gmail.com and lapikadi@yahoo.fr. Raymond Hutubessy, Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail: hutubessyr@who.int. Claire-Lise Chaignat, Global Task Force on Cholera Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail: chaignatc@who.int.
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Respondents characteristics.
- Identification of illness and perceived symptoms.
- Perceived causes of illness and related treatment practices.
- Perceived social impact of diarrheal illness.
- Acceptability of vaccines as a way to prevent acute watery diarrhea in children.
- Socioeconomic determinants of anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Effect of illness beliefs on anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Effect of psychosocial impact of childhood diarrhea on anticipated vaccine acceptance.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bernstein DI, 2009. Rotavirus overview. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28: S50–S53.
-
2.
Clark AD, Walker DG, Mosqueira NR, Penny ME, Lanata CF, Fox-Rushby J, Sanderson CF, 2009. Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Peru. J Infect Dis 200: S114–S124.
-
3.
Nichter M, 1995. Vaccinations in the third world: a consideration of community demand. Soc Sci Med 41: 617–632.
-
4.
Streefland PH, 2001. Public doubts about vaccination safety and resistance against vaccination. Health Policy 55: 159–172.
-
5.
Stanton BF, 2004. Assessment of relevant cultural considerations is essential for the success of a vaccine. J Health Popul Nutr 22: 286–292.
-
6.
Parashar UD, Burton A, Lanata C, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Steele D, Birmingham M, Glass RI, 2009. Global mortality associated with rotavirus disease among children in 2004. J Infect Dis 200: S9–S15.
-
7.
Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD, the WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus surveillance Network, 2012. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 136–141.
-
8.
Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Campbell H, Cibulskis R, Li M, Mathers C, Black RE, Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO, UNICEF, 2012. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 379: 2151–2161.
-
9.
Guerrant RL, Hughes JM, Lima NL, Crane J, 1990. Diarrhea in developed and developing countries: magnitude, special settings, and etiologies. Rev Infect Dis 12 (Suppl 1): S41–S50.
-
10.
Moyo SJ, Gro N, Kirsti V, Matee MI, Kitundu J, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Myrmel H, 2007. Prevalence of enteropathogenic viruses and molecular characterization of group A rotavirus among children with diarrhea in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. BMC Public Health 7: 359.
-
11.
Hamer DH, Simon JC, Thea DM, Keusch GT, 1998. Childhood diarrhea in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: United States. Agency for International Development. Child Health Research Project.
-
12.
Samie A, Guerrant RL, Barrett L, Bessong PO, Igumbor EO, Obi CL, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial pathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarroeal human stools from Vhembe district, South Africa. J Health Popul Nutr 27: 739–745.
-
13.
World Health Organization, 2009. Rotavirus vaccines: an update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 533–540.
-
14.
Tate JE, Parashar UD, 2011. Monitoring impact and effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 10: 1123–1125.
-
15.
Tate JE, Kisakye A, Mugyenyi P, Kizza D, Odiit A, Braka F, 2011. Projected health benefits and costs of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination in Uganda. Vaccine 29: 3329–3334.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2010. Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 85: 117–128.
-
17.
Chaignat CL, Monti V, 2007. Use of oral cholera vaccine in complex emergencies: what next? Summary report of an expert meeting and recommendations of WHO. J Health Popul Nutr 25: 244–261.
-
18.
Ali M, Lopez AL, You YA, Kim YE, Sah B, Maskery B, Clemens J, 2012. The global burden of cholera. Bull World Health Organ 90: 209–218A.
-
19.
Desai SN, Clemens JD, 2012. An overview of cholera vaccines and their public health implications. Curr Opin Pediatr 24: 85–91.
-
20.
Lucas ME, Deen JL, von Seidlein L, Wang XY, Ampuero J, Puri M, Ali M, Ansaruzzaman M, Amos J, Macuamule A, Cavailler P, Guerin PJ, Mahoudeau C, Kahozi-Sangwa P, Chaignat CL, Barreto A, Songane FF, Clemens JD, 2005. Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique. N Engl J Med 352: 757–767.
-
21.
Cavailler P, Lucas M, Perroud V, McChesney M, Ampuero S, Guerin PJ, Legros D, Nierle T, Mahoudeau C, Lab B, Kahozi P, Deen JL, von Seidlein L, Wang XY, Puri M, Ali M, Clemens JD, Songane F, Baptista A, Ismael F, Barreto A, Chaignat CL, 2006. Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. Vaccine 24: 4890–4895.
-
22.
Jegede AS, 2007. What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PLoS Med 4: e73.
-
23.
Feldman-Savelsberg P, Ndonko FT, Schmidt-Ehry B, 2000. Sterilizing vaccines or the politics of the womb: retrospective study of a rumor in Cameroon. Med Anthropol Q 14: 159–179.
-
24.
Schuster S, 2006. Rumors on “sterilizing” vaccines: mistrust, bioethics and research on new contraceptive technologies. Curare 29: 59–70.
-
25.
Pool R, Munguambe K, Macete E, Aide P, Juma G, Alonso P, Menendez C, 2006. Community response to intermittent preventive treatment delivered to infants (IPTi) through the EPI system in Manhica, Mozambique. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1670–1678.
-
26.
Leach M, Fairhead J, 2005. Vaccine Anxieties: Global Science, Child Health and Society. London, UK: Earthscan.
-
27.
Patel MM, Janssen AP, Tardif RR, Herring M, Parashar UD, 2007. A qualitative assessment of factors influencing acceptance of a new rotavirus vaccine among health care providers and consumers. BMC Pediatr 7: 32.
-
28.
Braka F, Asiimwe D, Soud F, Lewis RF, Makumbi I, Gust D, 2012. A qualitative analysis of vaccine safety perceptions and concerns among caretakers in Uganda. Matern Child Health J 16: 1045–1052.
-
29.
Mutua MK, Kimani-Murage E, Ettarh RR, 2011. Childhood vaccination in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: who gets vaccinated? BMC Public Health 11: 6.
-
30.
Odusanya OO, Alufohai EF, Meurice FP, Ahonkhai VI, 2008. Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria. BMC Public Health 8: 381.
-
31.
Cassell JA, Leach M, Fairhead JR, Small M, Mercer CH, 2006. The social shaping of childhood vaccination practice in rural and urban Gambia. Health Policy Plan 21: 373–391.
-
32.
Sia D, Fournier P, Kobiane JF, Sondo BK, 2009. Rates of coverage and determinants of complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso (1998–2003). BMC Public Health 9: 416.
-
33.
Nankabirwa V, Tylleskar T, Tumwine JK, Sommerfelt H, Promise-ebf Study Group, 2010. Maternal education is associated with vaccination status of infants less than 6 months in eastern Uganda: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 10: 92.
-
34.
Kamat VR, 2006. “I thought it was only ordinary fever!” cultural knowledge and the micropolitics of therapy seeking for childhood febrile illness in Tanzania. Soc Sci Med 62: 2945–2959.
-
35.
Tolhurst R, Amekudzi YP, Nyonator FK, Squire SB, Theobald S, 2008. “He will ask why the child gets sick so often”: the gender dynamics of intra-household bargaining over healthcare for children with fever in the Volta Region of Ghana. Soc Sci Med 66: 1106–1117.
-
36.
Fatiregun AA, Okoro AO, 2012. Maternal determinants of complete child immunization among children aged 12–23 months in a southern district of Nigeria. Vaccine 30: 730–736.
-
37.
Kandala NB, Emina JB, Nzita PD, Cappuccio FP, 2009. Diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, and fever among children in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Soc Sci Med 68: 1728–1736.
-
38.
Bompangue D, Giraudoux P, Handschumacher P, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Ekwanzala M, Kebela I, Piarroux R, 2008. Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 798–800.
-
39.
Merten S, Schaetti C, Manianga C, Lapika B, Chaignat C-L, Hutubessy R, Weiss MG, 2013. Local perceptions of cholera and anticipated vaccine acceptance in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. BMC Public Health 13: 60.
-
40.
Lincz LF, Scorgie FE, Enjeti A, Seldon M, 2012. Variable plasma levels of factor V Leiden correlate with circulating platelet microparticles in carriers of factor V Leiden. Thromb Res 129: 192–196.
-
41.
Weiss MG, 2001. Cultural epidemiology: an introduction and overview. Anthropol Med 8: 5–29.
-
42.
Schaetti C, Hutubessy R, Ali SM, Pach A, Weiss MG, Chaignat CL, Khatib AM, 2009. Oral cholera vaccine use in Zanzibar: socioeconomic and behavioural features affecting demand and acceptance. BMC Public Health 9: 99.
-
43.
Weiss MG, 1997. Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC): framework for comparative study of illness. Transcult Psychiatry 34: 235–263.
-
44.
Viney R, Lancsar E, Louviere J, 2002. Discrete choice experiments to measure consumer preferences for health and healthcare. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2: 319–326.
-
45.
Oluwadare C, 2009. The social determinants of routine immunisation in Ekiti State of Nigeria. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 3: 49–56.
-
46.
Renne E, 2006. Perspectives on polio and immunization in northern Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 63: 1857–1869.
-
47.
Bastien JW, 1995. Cross cultural communication of tetanus vaccinations in Bolivia. Soc Sci Med 41: 77–86.
-
48.
Kishor S, 2005. A Focus on Gender: Collected Papers on Gender Using DHS Data. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro.
-
49.
Castle SE, 1994. The (re)negotiation of illness diagnoses and responsibility for child death in rural Mali. Anthropol Q 8: 314–335.
-
50.
Mabilia M, 2000. The cultural context of childhood diarrhoea among Gogo infants. Anthropol Med 7: 191–208.
-
51.
Leive A, Xu K, 2008. Coping with out-of-pocket health payments: empirical evidence from 15 African countries. Bull World Health Organ 86: 849–856.
-
52.
Coreil J, Augustin A, Halsey NA, Holt E, 1994. Social and psychological costs of preventive child health-services in Haiti. Soc Sci Med 38: 231–238.
-
53.
Schwarz NG, Gysels M, Pell C, Gabor J, Schlie M, Issifou S, Lell B, Kremsner PG, Grobusch MP, Pool R, 2009. Reasons for non-adherence to vaccination at mother and child care clinics (MCCs) in Lambarene, Gabon. Vaccine 27: 5371–5375.
-
54.
Bedregal P, Zavala C, Atria J, Nunez G, Pinto MJ, Valdes S, 2009. Access to social networks and health care among extremely poor people. Rev Med Chil 137: 753–758.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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