World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas' disease: second report of the WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 905: 1–109.
World Health Organization, 2004. World Health Report 2004: Changing History. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf. Accessed April 11, 2011.
Schmunis GA, 1999. Iniciativa del Cono Sur. Santo Domingo de Los Colorados, Ecuador, INDRE, Mexico City. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Population Biology and Control of Triatominae, 26–31.
Carcavallo RU, Jurberg J, Galindez Giron I, Lent H, 1997. Atlas of Chagas' Disease Vectors in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz.
Schofield CJ, 1992. Dispersative flight by Triatoma infestans under natural climatic conditions in Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 6: 51–56.
Lehane MJ, McEwen PK, Whitaker CJ, Schofield CJ, 1992. The role of temperature and nutritional status in flight initiation by Triatoma infestans. Acta Trop 52: 27–38.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, 2005. Feeding rates, nutritional status and flight dispersal potential of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans in rural north-western Argentina. Acta Trop 95: 149–159.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Marcet PL, Cecere MC, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2006. Seasonal variations in active dispersal of natural populations of Triatoma infestans in rural north-western Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 20: 273–279.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, 2005. Seasonal variations and density-dependence of nutricional state and feeding rate of Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera:Reduviidae) in peridomestic ecotopes from northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 95: 149–159.
Schofield CJ, Matthews JNS, 1985. Theoretical approach to active dispersal and colonization of houses by Triatoma infestans. J Trop Med Hyg 88: 211–222.
Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE, 2004. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 84: 101–116.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Kitron U, Gürtler GE, 2004. Active dispersal of natural populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in rural northwestern Argentina. J Med Entomol 41: 614–621.
Bewley GC, Cook JL, 1990. Molecular structure, developmental regulation, and evolution of the gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Isozyme 3: 341–374.
Collier GE, Sullivan DT, MacIntyre RJ, 1976. Purification of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta 429: 316.
Bewley GC, Rawls JM, Lucchesi JC, 1974. α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster: kinetic differences and developmental differentiation of the larval and adult isozyme. J Insect Physiol 20: 153–165.
Cook JL, Bewley GC, Shaffer JB, 1988. Drosophila α-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes are generated by alternate pathways of RNA processing resulting in different carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem 263: 10858–10864.
O'Brien SJ, MacIntyre RJ, 1972. The alpha-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Aspects Genet 71: 127–138.
Rechsteiner MD, 1970. Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase: distribution and change in activity during development. J Insect Physiol 16: 1179–1192.
Wright TR, Shaw CR, 1969. Genetics and ontogeny of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet 3: 343–353.
Sacktor B, Dick A, 1962. Pathways of hydrogen transport of extra-mitochondrial reduced dephosphopyridine nucleotide in flight muscles. J Biol Chem 237: 3259–3262.
Scaraffia P, Remedi S, Maldonado C, Aoki A, Gerez de Burgos NM, 1997. Comparative enzymatic and ultrastructural changes in thoracic muscles of Triatomine insects during the last stage of metamorphosis. Biochem Physiol 116: 173–179.
Stroppa MM, Carriazo C, Soria N, Pereira R, Gerez de Burgos NM, 2008. Differential tissue and flight developmental expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 28–35.
Espinola NH, 1966. Note on sex differences in immature forms of Triatominae (Hemipter, Reduviidae). Rev Bras 26: 263–267.
Fink SC, Brosemer RW, 1973. Comparative studies on glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in bees and wasps. Arch Biochem Biophys 158: 19–29.
López AC, Crocco L, Morales G, Catalá S, 1999. Feeding frequency and nutritional status of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans from Argentina. Acta Trop 73: 275–281.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Salazar-Sxhettino PM, Solorio-Cibrián M, Cabrera Bravo M, Novelo-López M, Vences OM, Montes-Ochoa JY, Nogueda-Torres B, 2008. Influence of temperature and humidity on the biology of Triatoma mexicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) under laboratory conditions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 719–723.
Marden JH, 2008. Quantitative and evolutionary biology of alternative splicing: how changing the mix of alternative transcripts affects phenotypic plasticity and eaction norms. Heredity 100: 111–120.
Maniatis T, Tasic B, 2002. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing and proteome expansion in metazoans. Nature 418: 236–243.
Lynch KW, 2007. Regulation of alternative splicing by signal transduction pathways. Adv Exp Med Biol 623: 161–174.
Chisa JL, Burke DT, 2006. Mammalian mRNA splice-isoform selection is tightly controlled. Genetics 175: 1079–1087.
Marden JH, Fescemyer HW, Saastamoinen M, MacFarland SP, Vera JC, Frilander MJ, Hanski I, 2008. Weight and nutritional affect pre-mRNA splicing of muscle gene associated with performance, energetics and life history. J Exp Biol 211: 3653–3660.
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Flight muscles of Triatoma infestans have two glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) isoforms: GPDH-1 is involved in flight metabolism and GPDH-2 provides lipid precursors. Total GPDH activity was greater in the natural population and almost only due to GPDH-1. Different expression and activity observed between GPDH isoforms in the natural population and the first laboratory generation was not detected in the second laboratory generation. This pattern may be caused by gradual adaptation to laboratory nutritional conditions. During development, the expression of GPDH-2 increased with a longer time of intake, which would imply an increment in lipid biosynthesis. The GPDH-1 transcript predominated with respect to that of GPDH-2 in the lower nutritional condition, suggesting the necessity of insects to fly during this nutritional status. The transcriptional pattern showed a delay at 22°C. The isoforms activities and transcript patterns in flight muscles suggest transcriptional adaptation to metabolic requirements originated by alternative splicing.
Financial support: This study was supported in part by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina) and Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. María M. Stroppa and Mariana Lagunas are fellows of CONICET. Nelia Gerez de Burgos and Beatriz A. Garcia are Career Investigators of CONICET.
Authors' addresses: María M. Stroppa, Mariana S. Lagunas, Carlota S. Carriazo, Beatríz A. Garcia, and Nelia M. Gerez de Burgos, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biologìa Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón Argentina, 2° Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina. Gregorio Iraola and Yanina Panzera, Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas' disease: second report of the WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 905: 1–109.
World Health Organization, 2004. World Health Report 2004: Changing History. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf. Accessed April 11, 2011.
Schmunis GA, 1999. Iniciativa del Cono Sur. Santo Domingo de Los Colorados, Ecuador, INDRE, Mexico City. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Population Biology and Control of Triatominae, 26–31.
Carcavallo RU, Jurberg J, Galindez Giron I, Lent H, 1997. Atlas of Chagas' Disease Vectors in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz.
Schofield CJ, 1992. Dispersative flight by Triatoma infestans under natural climatic conditions in Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 6: 51–56.
Lehane MJ, McEwen PK, Whitaker CJ, Schofield CJ, 1992. The role of temperature and nutritional status in flight initiation by Triatoma infestans. Acta Trop 52: 27–38.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, 2005. Feeding rates, nutritional status and flight dispersal potential of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans in rural north-western Argentina. Acta Trop 95: 149–159.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Marcet PL, Cecere MC, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2006. Seasonal variations in active dispersal of natural populations of Triatoma infestans in rural north-western Argentina. Med Vet Entomol 20: 273–279.
Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, 2005. Seasonal variations and density-dependence of nutricional state and feeding rate of Triatoma infestans (Heteroptera:Reduviidae) in peridomestic ecotopes from northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 95: 149–159.
Schofield CJ, Matthews JNS, 1985. Theoretical approach to active dispersal and colonization of houses by Triatoma infestans. J Trop Med Hyg 88: 211–222.
Cecere MC, Gürtler RE, Canale DM, Chuit R, Cohen JE, 2004. Effects of partial housing improvement and insecticide spraying on the reinfestation dynamics of Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 84: 101–116.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Ceballos LA, Kitron U, Gürtler GE, 2004. Active dispersal of natural populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in rural northwestern Argentina. J Med Entomol 41: 614–621.
Bewley GC, Cook JL, 1990. Molecular structure, developmental regulation, and evolution of the gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Isozyme 3: 341–374.
Collier GE, Sullivan DT, MacIntyre RJ, 1976. Purification of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochim Biophys Acta 429: 316.
Bewley GC, Rawls JM, Lucchesi JC, 1974. α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster: kinetic differences and developmental differentiation of the larval and adult isozyme. J Insect Physiol 20: 153–165.
Cook JL, Bewley GC, Shaffer JB, 1988. Drosophila α-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes are generated by alternate pathways of RNA processing resulting in different carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem 263: 10858–10864.
O'Brien SJ, MacIntyre RJ, 1972. The alpha-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Aspects Genet 71: 127–138.
Rechsteiner MD, 1970. Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase: distribution and change in activity during development. J Insect Physiol 16: 1179–1192.
Wright TR, Shaw CR, 1969. Genetics and ontogeny of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet 3: 343–353.
Sacktor B, Dick A, 1962. Pathways of hydrogen transport of extra-mitochondrial reduced dephosphopyridine nucleotide in flight muscles. J Biol Chem 237: 3259–3262.
Scaraffia P, Remedi S, Maldonado C, Aoki A, Gerez de Burgos NM, 1997. Comparative enzymatic and ultrastructural changes in thoracic muscles of Triatomine insects during the last stage of metamorphosis. Biochem Physiol 116: 173–179.
Stroppa MM, Carriazo C, Soria N, Pereira R, Gerez de Burgos NM, 2008. Differential tissue and flight developmental expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 28–35.
Espinola NH, 1966. Note on sex differences in immature forms of Triatominae (Hemipter, Reduviidae). Rev Bras 26: 263–267.
Fink SC, Brosemer RW, 1973. Comparative studies on glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in bees and wasps. Arch Biochem Biophys 158: 19–29.
López AC, Crocco L, Morales G, Catalá S, 1999. Feeding frequency and nutritional status of peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans from Argentina. Acta Trop 73: 275–281.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Salazar-Sxhettino PM, Solorio-Cibrián M, Cabrera Bravo M, Novelo-López M, Vences OM, Montes-Ochoa JY, Nogueda-Torres B, 2008. Influence of temperature and humidity on the biology of Triatoma mexicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) under laboratory conditions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 719–723.
Marden JH, 2008. Quantitative and evolutionary biology of alternative splicing: how changing the mix of alternative transcripts affects phenotypic plasticity and eaction norms. Heredity 100: 111–120.
Maniatis T, Tasic B, 2002. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing and proteome expansion in metazoans. Nature 418: 236–243.
Lynch KW, 2007. Regulation of alternative splicing by signal transduction pathways. Adv Exp Med Biol 623: 161–174.
Chisa JL, Burke DT, 2006. Mammalian mRNA splice-isoform selection is tightly controlled. Genetics 175: 1079–1087.
Marden JH, Fescemyer HW, Saastamoinen M, MacFarland SP, Vera JC, Frilander MJ, Hanski I, 2008. Weight and nutritional affect pre-mRNA splicing of muscle gene associated with performance, energetics and life history. J Exp Biol 211: 3653–3660.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 411 | 347 | 19 |
Full Text Views | 337 | 4 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 80 | 9 | 0 |