Author:
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-
1.
Fleming LE, Baden DG, Bean JA, Weisman R, Blythe DG, 1998. Seafood Toxin Diseases: Issues in Epidemiology and Community Outreach. In: Reguera B, Blanco J, Fernandez ML, Wyatt T, editors. Harmful Algae. Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO; Galicia: 245–248.
-
2.
Lehane L, Lewis RJ, 2000. Ciguatera: recent advances but the risk remains. Int J Food Microbiol 61: 91–125.
-
3.
Dickey RW, Plakas SM, 2010. Ciguatera: a public health perspective. Toxicon 56: 123–136.
-
4.
Hales S, Weinstein P, Woodward A, 1999. Ciguatera (fish poisoning), El Nino, and Pacific sea surface temperatures. Ecosyst Health 5: 20–25.
-
5.
Chateau-Degat ML, Chinain M, Cerf N, Gingras S, Hubert B, Dewailly E, 2005. Seawater temperature, Gambierdiscus spp. variability and incidence of ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia. Harmful Algae 4: 1053–1062.
-
6.
Llewellyn LE, 2010. Revisiting the association between sea surface temperature and the epidemiology of fish poisoning in the South Pacific: reassessing the link between ciguatera and climate change. Toxicon 56: 691–697.
-
7.
Tester PA, Feldman RL, Nau AW, Kibler SR, Wayne Litaker R, 2010. Ciguatera fish poisoning and sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. Toxicon 56: 698–710.
-
8.
Morris JG, Lewin P, Smith CW, Blake PA, Schneider R, 1982. Ciguatera fish poisoning epidemiology of the disease on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31: 574–578.
-
9.
Morris JG, Blake PA, Feldman RA, Bennett JV, 1980. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. EPI-80-63-2. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
10.
Morril WT, Romansky NM, 1980. The Incidence of Ciguatera Poisoning in St. Thomas, V.I. Report under NOAA Contract 28-79 (Task 3). Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
-
11.
US Census Bureau, 2000. Census SF1: 100% Data. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.
-
12.
McMillan JP, Granade HR, 1980. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the United States Virgin Islands: preliminary studies. J College Virgin Islands 6: 84–107.
-
13.
NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD, 2011. NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature V3b. Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
-
14.
AAPOR, 2010. American Association for Public Opinion Research Response Rate Calculator V3.1. Deerfield, IL: American Association for Public Opinion Research.
-
15.
Azziz-Baumgartner E, Luber G, Conklin L, Tosteson TR, Granade HR, Dickey RW, Backer LC, 2012. Assessing the incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning with two surveys conducted in Culebra, Puerto Rico, during 2005 and 2006. Environ Health Perspect 120: 526–529.
-
16.
Skinner MP, Brewer TD, Johnstone R, Fleming LE, Lewis RJ, 2011. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Pacific islands (1998 to 2008). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1416.
-
17.
Bomber J, Guillard R, Nelson W, 1988. Roles of temperature, salinity, and light in seasonality, growth, and toxicity of ciguatera-causing Gambierdiscus toxicus adachi et fukuyo. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 115: 53–65.
-
18.
Morton S, Norris D, 1992. Effect of temperature, salinity, and light intensity on the growth and seasonality of toxic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 157: 79–90.
-
19.
Rongo T, van Woesik R, 2011. Ciguatera poisoning in Rarotonga, southern Cook islands. Harmful Algae 10: 345–355.
-
20.
Lewis ND, 1986. Epidemiology and impact of ciguatera in the Pacific: a review. Mar Fish Rev 48: 6–13.
-
21.
Lewis RJ, Tilman AR, 1993. Ciguatera: ecological, clinical, and socioeconomic perspectives. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 23: 137–156.
-
22.
Bagnis R, Kuberski T, Laugier S, 1979. Clinical observations on 3009 cases of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the south-Pacific. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 1067–1073.
-
23.
Glaziou P, Martin PMV, 1993. Study of factors that influence the clinical-response to ciguatera fish poisoning. Toxicon 31: 1151–1154.
-
24.
Gillespie N, 1987. Possible origins of ciguatera. Toxic Plants & Animals; a Guide for Australia, 170–179.
-
25.
Bagnis R, 1994. Natural versus anthropogenic disturbances to coral reefs: Comparison in epidemiological patterns of ciguatera. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34: 455–460.
-
26.
Ruff TA, 1989. Ciguatera in the pacific—a link with military activities. Lancet 1: 201–205.
-
27.
Keeter S, Kennedy C, Dimock M, Best J, Craighill P, 2006. Gauging the impact of growing nonresponse on estimates from a national RDD telephone survey. Public Opin Q 70: 759–779.
-
28.
Lee S, Brown ER, Grant D, Belin TR, Brick JM, 2009. Exploring nonresponse bias in a health survey using neighborhood characteristics. Am J Public Health 99: 1811–1817.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 24 | 24 | 6 |
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Ciguatera Incidence in the US Virgin Islands Has Not Increased over a 30-Year Time Period Despite Rising Seawater Temperatures
Elizabeth G. Radke
Elizabeth G. Radke
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Lynn M. Grattan
Lynn M. Grattan
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Robert L. Cook
Robert L. Cook
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Tyler B. Smith
Tyler B. Smith
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Donald M. Anderson
Donald M. Anderson
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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J. Glenn Morris Jr.
J. Glenn Morris Jr.
Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Ciguatera fish poisoning is the most common marine food poisoning worldwide. It has been hypothesized that increasing seawater temperature will result in increasing ciguatera incidence. In St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, we performed an island-wide telephone survey (N = 807) and a medical record review of diagnosed ciguatera cases at the emergency department of the sole hospital and compared these data with comparable data sources collected in 1980. Annual incidence from both recent data sources remained high (12 per 1,000 among adults in the telephone survey). However, the combined data sources suggest that incidence has declined by 20% or more or remained stable over 30 years, whereas seawater temperatures were increasing. Illness was associated with lower education levels, higher levels of fish consumption, and having previous episodes of ciguatera; population shifts from 1980 to 2010 in these factors could explain an incidence decline of approximately 3 per 1,000, obscuring effects from rising seawater temperature.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding for this project was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Partial funding for D.M.A. was also provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA11NOS4780060 through the ECOHAB program.
Authors' addresses: Elizabeth G. Radke, Robert L. Cook, and J. Glenn Morris Jr., Department of Epidemiology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mails: bethradke@epi.ufl.edu, cookrl@phhp.ufl.edu, and jgmorris@epi.ufl.edu. Lynn M. Grattan, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: LGrattan@som.umaryland.edu. Tyler B. Smith, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, E-mail: tsmith@live.uvi.edu. Donald M. Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, E-mail: danderson@whoi.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Fleming LE, Baden DG, Bean JA, Weisman R, Blythe DG, 1998. Seafood Toxin Diseases: Issues in Epidemiology and Community Outreach. In: Reguera B, Blanco J, Fernandez ML, Wyatt T, editors. Harmful Algae. Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO; Galicia: 245–248.
-
2.
Lehane L, Lewis RJ, 2000. Ciguatera: recent advances but the risk remains. Int J Food Microbiol 61: 91–125.
-
3.
Dickey RW, Plakas SM, 2010. Ciguatera: a public health perspective. Toxicon 56: 123–136.
-
4.
Hales S, Weinstein P, Woodward A, 1999. Ciguatera (fish poisoning), El Nino, and Pacific sea surface temperatures. Ecosyst Health 5: 20–25.
-
5.
Chateau-Degat ML, Chinain M, Cerf N, Gingras S, Hubert B, Dewailly E, 2005. Seawater temperature, Gambierdiscus spp. variability and incidence of ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia. Harmful Algae 4: 1053–1062.
-
6.
Llewellyn LE, 2010. Revisiting the association between sea surface temperature and the epidemiology of fish poisoning in the South Pacific: reassessing the link between ciguatera and climate change. Toxicon 56: 691–697.
-
7.
Tester PA, Feldman RL, Nau AW, Kibler SR, Wayne Litaker R, 2010. Ciguatera fish poisoning and sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. Toxicon 56: 698–710.
-
8.
Morris JG, Lewin P, Smith CW, Blake PA, Schneider R, 1982. Ciguatera fish poisoning epidemiology of the disease on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31: 574–578.
-
9.
Morris JG, Blake PA, Feldman RA, Bennett JV, 1980. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. EPI-80-63-2. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
-
10.
Morril WT, Romansky NM, 1980. The Incidence of Ciguatera Poisoning in St. Thomas, V.I. Report under NOAA Contract 28-79 (Task 3). Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
-
11.
US Census Bureau, 2000. Census SF1: 100% Data. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.
-
12.
McMillan JP, Granade HR, 1980. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the United States Virgin Islands: preliminary studies. J College Virgin Islands 6: 84–107.
-
13.
NOAA/OAR/ESRL/PSD, 2011. NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature V3b. Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
-
14.
AAPOR, 2010. American Association for Public Opinion Research Response Rate Calculator V3.1. Deerfield, IL: American Association for Public Opinion Research.
-
15.
Azziz-Baumgartner E, Luber G, Conklin L, Tosteson TR, Granade HR, Dickey RW, Backer LC, 2012. Assessing the incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning with two surveys conducted in Culebra, Puerto Rico, during 2005 and 2006. Environ Health Perspect 120: 526–529.
-
16.
Skinner MP, Brewer TD, Johnstone R, Fleming LE, Lewis RJ, 2011. Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Pacific islands (1998 to 2008). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1416.
-
17.
Bomber J, Guillard R, Nelson W, 1988. Roles of temperature, salinity, and light in seasonality, growth, and toxicity of ciguatera-causing Gambierdiscus toxicus adachi et fukuyo. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 115: 53–65.
-
18.
Morton S, Norris D, 1992. Effect of temperature, salinity, and light intensity on the growth and seasonality of toxic dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 157: 79–90.
-
19.
Rongo T, van Woesik R, 2011. Ciguatera poisoning in Rarotonga, southern Cook islands. Harmful Algae 10: 345–355.
-
20.
Lewis ND, 1986. Epidemiology and impact of ciguatera in the Pacific: a review. Mar Fish Rev 48: 6–13.
-
21.
Lewis RJ, Tilman AR, 1993. Ciguatera: ecological, clinical, and socioeconomic perspectives. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 23: 137–156.
-
22.
Bagnis R, Kuberski T, Laugier S, 1979. Clinical observations on 3009 cases of ciguatera (fish poisoning) in the south-Pacific. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 1067–1073.
-
23.
Glaziou P, Martin PMV, 1993. Study of factors that influence the clinical-response to ciguatera fish poisoning. Toxicon 31: 1151–1154.
-
24.
Gillespie N, 1987. Possible origins of ciguatera. Toxic Plants & Animals; a Guide for Australia, 170–179.
-
25.
Bagnis R, 1994. Natural versus anthropogenic disturbances to coral reefs: Comparison in epidemiological patterns of ciguatera. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34: 455–460.
-
26.
Ruff TA, 1989. Ciguatera in the pacific—a link with military activities. Lancet 1: 201–205.
-
27.
Keeter S, Kennedy C, Dimock M, Best J, Craighill P, 2006. Gauging the impact of growing nonresponse on estimates from a national RDD telephone survey. Public Opin Q 70: 759–779.
-
28.
Lee S, Brown ER, Grant D, Belin TR, Brick JM, 2009. Exploring nonresponse bias in a health survey using neighborhood characteristics. Am J Public Health 99: 1811–1817.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 24 | 24 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 116 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 104 | 29 | 0 |