ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Dubey JP, 2008. The history of Toxoplasma gondii–the first 100 years. J Eukaryot Microbiol 55: 467–475.
-
2.
Fatoohi A, Cozon G, Greenland T, Ferrandiz J, Bienvenu J, Picot S, Peyron F, 2002. Cellular immune responses to recombinant antigens in pregnant women chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9: 704–707.
-
3.
McLeod R, Kieffer F, Sautter M, Hosten T, Pelloux H, 2009. Why prevent, diagnose and treat congenital toxoplasmosis? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 320–344.
-
4.
Yuan ZG, Zhang XX, He XH, Petersen E, Zhou DH, He Y, Lin RQ, Li XZ, Chen XL, Shi XR, 2011. Protective immunity induced by Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 16 against toxoplasmosis in mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18: 119–124.
-
5.
Hill D, Dubey J, 2002. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect 8: 634–640.
-
6.
Bhopale GM, 2003. Development of a vaccine for toxoplasmosis: current status. Microbes Infect 5: 457–462.
-
7.
Yuan ZG, Zhang XX, Lin RQ, Petersen E, He S, Yu M, He XH, Zhou DH, He Y, Li HX, 2011. Protective effect against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by DNA immunization with gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP18. Vaccine 29: 6614–6619.
-
8.
Buxton D, 1993. Toxoplasmosis: the first commercial vaccine. Parasitol Today 9: 335–337.
-
9.
Buxton D, Innes E, 1995. A commercial vaccine for ovine toxoplasmosis. Parasitology-Cambridge 110: 11.
-
10.
Jongert E, Roberts CW, Gargano N, Förster-Waldl E, Petersen E, 2009. Vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: challenges and opportunities. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 252–266.
-
11.
Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE, Rhodes GH, Felgner PL, Dwarki V, Gromkowski SH, Deck RR, Dewitt CM, Friedman A, 1993. Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science 259: 1745–1749.
-
12.
Robinson H, 1999. DNA vaccines: basic mechanism and immune responses (Review). Int J Mol Med 4: 549–550.
-
13.
Spencer JA, Smith BF, Guarino AJ, Blagburn BL, Baker HJ, 2004. The use of CpG as an adjuvant to Toxoplasma gondii vaccination. Parasitol Res 92: 313–316.
-
14.
Denkers EY, Gazzinelli RT, 1998. Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 569–588.
-
15.
Angus C, Klivington-Evans D, Dubey J, Kovacs JA, 2000. Immunization with a DNA plasmid encoding the SAG1 (P30) protein of Toxoplasma gondii is immunogenic and protective in rodents. J Infect Dis 181: 317–324.
-
16.
Jongert E, De Craeye S, Dewit J, Huygen K, 2007. GRA7 provides protective immunity in cocktail DNA vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii. Parasite Immunol 29: 445–453.
-
17.
Carey KL, Jongco AM, Kim K, Ward GE, 2004. The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP4 is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole and becomes phosphorylated in infected cells. Eukaryot Cell 3: 1320–1330.
-
18.
Beckers C, Dubremetz JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Joiner KA, 1994. The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP 2 is inserted into the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, surrounding the intracellular parasite, and is exposed to the host cell cytoplasm. J Cell Biol 127: 947–961.
-
19.
Hanks SK, Hunter T, 1995. Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification. FASEB J 9: 576–596.
-
20.
Sinai AP, Joiner KA, 2001. The Toxoplasma gondii protein ROP2 mediates host organelle association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. J Cell Biol 154: 95–108.
-
21.
Qiu W, Wernimont A, Tang K, Taylor S, Lunin V, Schapira M, Fentress S, Hui R, Sibley LD, 2009. Novel structural and regulatory features of rhoptry secretory kinases in Toxoplasma gondii. EMBO J 28: 969–979.
-
22.
Ismael AB, Sekkai D, Collin C, Bout D, Mévélec MN, 2003. The MIC3 gene of Toxoplasma gondii is a novel potent vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. Infect Immun 71: 6222–6228.
-
23.
Gazzinelli R, Hakim F, Hieny S, Shearer G, Sher A, 1991. Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. J Immunol 146: 286.
-
24.
Jordan KA, Hunter CA, 2010. Regulation of CD8+ T cell responses to infection with parasitic protozoa. Exp Parasitol 126: 318–325.
-
25.
Mévélec MN, Bout D, Desolme B, Marchand H, Magné R, Bruneel O, Buzoni-Gatel D, 2005. Evaluation of protective effect of DNA vaccination with genes encoding antigens GRA4 and SAG1 associated with GM-CSF plasmid, against acute, chronical and congenital toxoplasmosis in mice. Vaccine 23: 4489–4499.
-
26.
Desolme B, Mévélec MN, Buzoni-Gatel D, Bout D, 2000. Induction of protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice by DNA immunization with a plasmid encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA4 gene. Vaccine 18: 2512–2521.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 2241 | 2041 | 324 |
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Protective Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Induced by DNA Vaccine of the ROP8 gene of Toxoplasma gondii
Sonaimuthu Parthasarathy
Sonaimuthu Parthasarathy
TIDREC, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
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Mun Yik Fong
Mun Yik Fong
TIDREC, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
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Kalyanasundaram Ramaswamy
Kalyanasundaram Ramaswamy
TIDREC, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
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Yee Ling Lau
Yee Ling Lau
TIDREC, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Rockford, Rockford, Illinois
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Toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. During the process of host cell invasion and parasitophorous vacuole formation by the tachyzoites, the parasite secretes Rhoptry protein 8 (ROP8), an apical secretory organelle. Thus, ROP8 is an important protein for the pathogenesis of T. gondii. The ROP8 DNA was constructed into a pVAX-1 vaccine vector and used for immunizing BALB/c mice. Immunized mice developed immune response characterized by significant antibody responses, antigen-specific proliferation of spleen cells, and production of high levels of IFN-γ (816 ± 26.3 pg/mL). Challenge experiments showed significant levels of increase in the survival period (29 days compared with 9 days in control) in ROP8 DNA vaccinated mice after a lethal challenge with T. gondii. Results presented in this study suggest that ROP8 DNA is a promising and potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the University of Malaya IPPP grant (PS194/2009C) and UM High Impact Research Grant UM-MOHE (UM.C/HIR/MOHE/MED/02, E000013-20001) from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia.
Authors' addresses: Sonaimuthu Parthasarathy, Mun Yik Fong, and Yee Ling Lau, TIDREC, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mails: parthawillbe@gmail.com, fongmy@um.edu.my, and lauyeeling@um.edu.my. Kalyanasundaram Ramaswamy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Rockford, Rockford, IL, E-mail: ramswamy@uic.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Dubey JP, 2008. The history of Toxoplasma gondii–the first 100 years. J Eukaryot Microbiol 55: 467–475.
-
2.
Fatoohi A, Cozon G, Greenland T, Ferrandiz J, Bienvenu J, Picot S, Peyron F, 2002. Cellular immune responses to recombinant antigens in pregnant women chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9: 704–707.
-
3.
McLeod R, Kieffer F, Sautter M, Hosten T, Pelloux H, 2009. Why prevent, diagnose and treat congenital toxoplasmosis? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 320–344.
-
4.
Yuan ZG, Zhang XX, He XH, Petersen E, Zhou DH, He Y, Lin RQ, Li XZ, Chen XL, Shi XR, 2011. Protective immunity induced by Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 16 against toxoplasmosis in mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18: 119–124.
-
5.
Hill D, Dubey J, 2002. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect 8: 634–640.
-
6.
Bhopale GM, 2003. Development of a vaccine for toxoplasmosis: current status. Microbes Infect 5: 457–462.
-
7.
Yuan ZG, Zhang XX, Lin RQ, Petersen E, He S, Yu M, He XH, Zhou DH, He Y, Li HX, 2011. Protective effect against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by DNA immunization with gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP18. Vaccine 29: 6614–6619.
-
8.
Buxton D, 1993. Toxoplasmosis: the first commercial vaccine. Parasitol Today 9: 335–337.
-
9.
Buxton D, Innes E, 1995. A commercial vaccine for ovine toxoplasmosis. Parasitology-Cambridge 110: 11.
-
10.
Jongert E, Roberts CW, Gargano N, Förster-Waldl E, Petersen E, 2009. Vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: challenges and opportunities. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 252–266.
-
11.
Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Parker SE, Rhodes GH, Felgner PL, Dwarki V, Gromkowski SH, Deck RR, Dewitt CM, Friedman A, 1993. Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science 259: 1745–1749.
-
12.
Robinson H, 1999. DNA vaccines: basic mechanism and immune responses (Review). Int J Mol Med 4: 549–550.
-
13.
Spencer JA, Smith BF, Guarino AJ, Blagburn BL, Baker HJ, 2004. The use of CpG as an adjuvant to Toxoplasma gondii vaccination. Parasitol Res 92: 313–316.
-
14.
Denkers EY, Gazzinelli RT, 1998. Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 569–588.
-
15.
Angus C, Klivington-Evans D, Dubey J, Kovacs JA, 2000. Immunization with a DNA plasmid encoding the SAG1 (P30) protein of Toxoplasma gondii is immunogenic and protective in rodents. J Infect Dis 181: 317–324.
-
16.
Jongert E, De Craeye S, Dewit J, Huygen K, 2007. GRA7 provides protective immunity in cocktail DNA vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii. Parasite Immunol 29: 445–453.
-
17.
Carey KL, Jongco AM, Kim K, Ward GE, 2004. The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP4 is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole and becomes phosphorylated in infected cells. Eukaryot Cell 3: 1320–1330.
-
18.
Beckers C, Dubremetz JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Joiner KA, 1994. The Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein ROP 2 is inserted into the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, surrounding the intracellular parasite, and is exposed to the host cell cytoplasm. J Cell Biol 127: 947–961.
-
19.
Hanks SK, Hunter T, 1995. Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification. FASEB J 9: 576–596.
-
20.
Sinai AP, Joiner KA, 2001. The Toxoplasma gondii protein ROP2 mediates host organelle association with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. J Cell Biol 154: 95–108.
-
21.
Qiu W, Wernimont A, Tang K, Taylor S, Lunin V, Schapira M, Fentress S, Hui R, Sibley LD, 2009. Novel structural and regulatory features of rhoptry secretory kinases in Toxoplasma gondii. EMBO J 28: 969–979.
-
22.
Ismael AB, Sekkai D, Collin C, Bout D, Mévélec MN, 2003. The MIC3 gene of Toxoplasma gondii is a novel potent vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. Infect Immun 71: 6222–6228.
-
23.
Gazzinelli R, Hakim F, Hieny S, Shearer G, Sher A, 1991. Synergistic role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma production and protective immunity induced by an attenuated Toxoplasma gondii vaccine. J Immunol 146: 286.
-
24.
Jordan KA, Hunter CA, 2010. Regulation of CD8+ T cell responses to infection with parasitic protozoa. Exp Parasitol 126: 318–325.
-
25.
Mévélec MN, Bout D, Desolme B, Marchand H, Magné R, Bruneel O, Buzoni-Gatel D, 2005. Evaluation of protective effect of DNA vaccination with genes encoding antigens GRA4 and SAG1 associated with GM-CSF plasmid, against acute, chronical and congenital toxoplasmosis in mice. Vaccine 23: 4489–4499.
-
26.
Desolme B, Mévélec MN, Buzoni-Gatel D, Bout D, 2000. Induction of protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice by DNA immunization with a plasmid encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA4 gene. Vaccine 18: 2512–2521.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2241 | 2041 | 324 |
| Full Text Views | 508 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 86 | 9 | 0 |