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Reference Manager
BibTeX
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New Sylvatic Hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and Their Reservoir Competence in the Humid Chaco of Argentina: A Longitudinal Study
M. Marcela Orozco
M. Marcela Orozco
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Gustavo F. Enriquez
Gustavo F. Enriquez
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui
Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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M. Victoria Cardinal
M. Victoria Cardinal
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Alejandro G. Schijman
Alejandro G. Schijman
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Uriel Kitron
Uriel Kitron
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ricardo E. Gürtler
Ricardo E. Gürtler
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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A four-year longitudinal study of the structure of sylvatic transmission cycles of Trypanosoma cruzi, reservoir host competence and parasite discrete typing units was conducted in a disturbed rural area of the humid Chaco in Argentina. Among 190 mammals examined by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction amplification, the composite prevalence of infection was substantially higher in Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos (57.7%) and Didelphis albiventris opossums (38.1%) than in Euphractus sexcinctus (20.0%), Tolypeutes matacus (12.5%), and Chaetophractus vellerosus (6.3%) armadillos. Trypanosoma cruzi was detected for the first time in Thylamys pusilla small opossums and in two unidentified small rodents. Infection was spatially aggregated only in armadillos. All Didelphis were infected with T. cruzi I and all armadillo species were infected with T. cruzi III, implying two distinct sylvatic cycles with no inputs from the domestic cycle. Dasypus armadillos and Didelphis opossums were much more infectious to vectors than other armadillos, small opossums, or rodents.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by awards from the International Development Research Center (EcoHealth Program), Tropical Disease Research (UNICEF/PNUD/WB/WHO), University of Buenos Aires to Ricardo E. Gürtler, and National Institutes of Health/National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease program award R01 TW05836 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Uriel Kitron, Ricardo E. Gürtler, and Joel Cohen. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Ricardo E. Gürtler, M. Victoria Cardinal, and Alejandro G. Schijman are members of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Researcher's Career.
Authors' addresses: M. Marcela Orozco, Gustavo F. Enríquez, Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui, M. Victoria Cardinal, and Ricardo E. Gürtler, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mails: marcelaorozco.vet@gmail.com, gustavoenriquez@ege.fcen.uba.ar, lavizcachasp@hotmail.com, mvcardinal@ege.fcen.uba.ar, and gurtler@ege.fcen.uba.ar. Alejandro G. Schijman, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mail: aleschijman@gmail.com. Uriel Kitron, Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ukitron@emory.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
-
2.
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-
3.
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4.
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-
7.
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8.
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-
9.
Llewellyn MS, Lewis MD, Acosta N, Yeo M, Carrasco HJ, Segovia M, Vargas J, Torrico F, Miles MA, Gaunt MW, 2009. Trypanosoma cruzi IIc: phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights from sequence and microsatellite analysis and potential impact on emergent Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e510.
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11.
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-
12.
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-
13.
Mazza S, Romaña C, Schurman K, 1930. New observations on the spontaneous infection of armadillos of the country by Trypanosoma cruzi. Prensa Med Argent 3: 3–20.
-
14.
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15.
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-
16.
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-
17.
Schweigmann NJ, Pietrokovsky S, Bottazzi V, Conti O, Bujas MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1999. Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in opossum (Didelphis albiventris) in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 6: 371–377.
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-
19.
Ceballos LA, Cardinal MV, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Lauricella MA, Orozco MM, Cortinas R, Schijman AG, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2006. Long-term reduction of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in sylvatic mammals following deforestation and sustained vector surveillance in northwestern Argentina. Acta Trop 98: 286–296.
-
20.
Alvarado-Otegui JA, Ceballos LA, Orozco MM, Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Cura C, Schijman AG, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2012. The sylvatic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area in the humid Chaco of Argentina. Acta Trop 124: 79–86.
-
21.
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