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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2010. Control of the leishmaniasis. Proceedings of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, March 22–26, 2010, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
2.
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE 7: e35671.
-
3.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Shamsizadeh A, 2006. Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Am J Med Hyg 74: 306–307.
-
4.
Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG, 2005. Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet 366: 1561–1577.
-
5.
Gradoni L, Soteriadou K, Louzir H, Dakkak A, Toz SO, Jaffe C, Dedet JP, Campino L, Cañavate C, Dujardin JC, 2008. Drug regimens for visceral leishmaniasis in Mediterranean countries. Trop Med Int Health 13: 1272–1276.
-
6.
Karimi A, Alborzi A, Mahmoodi MR, Rakhshani AH, Kadivar MR, 1998. Short course anti-Leishmania therapy in children with visceral leishmaniasis. Iran J Med Sci 23: 6–10.
-
7.
Shahian M, Alborzi A, 2009. Effect of meglumine antimoniate on the pancreas during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children. Med Sci Monit 15: 290–293.
-
8.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Nademi Z, Kadivar MR, Pourabbas B, 2006. Evaluation of rK39 strip test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in infants. East Mediterr Health J 12: 294–299.
-
9.
Aoun K, Chouihi E, Amri F, Ben Alaya N, Raies A, Mary C, Bouratbine A, 2009. Short report: contribution of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis patients treated with meglumine antimoniate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1004–1006.
-
10.
Mary C, Faraut F, Lascombe L, Dumon H, 2004. Quantitifications of Leishmania infantum DNA by real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5249–5255.
-
11.
Mary C, Faraut F, Drogoul MP, Xeridat B, Schleinitz N, Cuisenier B, Dumon H, 2006. Reference values for Leishmania infantum parasitaemia in different clinical presentations: quantitative PCR for therapeutic monitoring and patient follow-up. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 858–863.
-
12.
Sudarshan M, Weirather JL, Wilson ME, Sundar S, 2011. Study of parasite kinetics with antileishmanial drugs using real-time quantitative PCR in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 1751–1755.
-
13.
Lachaud L, Dereure J, Chabbert E, Reynes J, Mauboussin JM, Oziol E, Dedet JP, Bastien P, 2000. Optimized PCR using patient blood samples for diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis, with special reference to AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 236–240.
-
14.
Alborzi A, Pourabbas B, Shahian F, Mardaneh J, Pouladfar GR, Ziyaeyan M, 2008. Detection of Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA in the whole blood of asymptomatic individuals by PCR-ELISA and comparison with other infection markers in endemic areas, southern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 839–842.
-
15.
Smyth AJ, Ghosh A, Hassan MQ, Basu D, De Bruijn MH, Adhya S, Mallik KK, Barker DC, 1992. Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients. Parasitology 105: 183–192.
-
16.
le Fichoux Y, Quaranta JF, Aufeuvre JP, Lelievre A, Marty P, Suffia I, Rousseau D, Kubar J, 1999. Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France. J Clin Microbiol 37: 1953–1957.
-
17.
Tupperwar N, Vineeth V, Rath S, dya T, 2008. Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the quantification of Leishmania species and the monitoring of systemic distribution of the pathogen. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 61: 23–30.
-
18.
Mondal S, Bhattacharya P, Rahaman M, Ali N, Goswami RP, 2010. A curative immune profile one week after treatment of Indian kala-azar patients predicts success with a short-course liposomal amphotericin B therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e764.
-
19.
van der Meide W, Guerra J, Schoone G, Farenhorst M, Coelho L, Faber W, Peekel I, Schallig H, 2008. Comparison between quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, and real-time PCR for quantification of Leishmania parasites. J Clin Microbiol 46: 73–78.
-
20.
Costa CH, Stewart JM, Gomes RB, Garcez LM, Ramos PK, Bozza M, Satoskar A, Dissanayake S, Santos RS, Silva MR, Shaw JJ, David JR, Maguire JH, 2002. Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 334–337.
-
21.
Davis AJ, Murray HW, Handman E, 2004. Drugs against leishmaniasis: a synergy of technology and partnerships. Trends Parasitol 20: 73–76.
-
22.
Ghalib HW, Whittle JA, Kubin M, Hashim FA, el-Hassan AM, Grabstein KH, Trinchieri G, Reed SG, 1995. IL-12 enhances Th1-type responses in human Leishmania donovani infections. J Immunol 154: 4623–4629.
-
23.
Holaday BJ, Pompeu MM, Jeronimo S, Texeira MJ, Sousa A de A, Vasconcelos AW, Pearson RD, Abrams JS, Locksley RM, 1993. Potential role for interleukin-10 in the immunosuppression associated with kala azar. J Clin Invest 92: 2626–2632.
-
24.
Saha S, Mondal S, Ravindran R, Bhowmick S, Modak D, Mallick S, Rahman M, Kar S, Goswami R, Guha SK, Pramanik N, Saha B, Ali N, 2007. IL-10 and TGF-beta-mediated susceptibility in kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: the significance of amphotericin B in the control of Leishmania donovani infection in India. J Immunol 179: 5592–5603.
-
25.
Engwerda CR, Murphy ML, Cotterell SE, Smelt SC, Kaye PM, 1998. Neutralization of IL-12 demonstrates the existence of discrete organ-specific phases in the control of Leishmania donovani. Eur J Immunol 28: 669–680.
-
26.
Theodos CM, Povinelli L, Molina R, Sherry B, Titus RG, 1991. Role of tumor necrosis factor in macrophage leishmanicidal activity in vitro and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo. Infect Immun 59: 2839–2842.
-
27.
Haldar AK, Sen P, Roy S, 2011. Use of antimony in the treatment of leishmaniasis: current status and future directions. Mol Biol Int 1: 571242.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 222 | 163 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 323 | 22 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 11 | 0 |
Quantification of Leishmania infantum Kinetoplast DNA for Monitoring the Response to Meglumine Antimoniate Therapy in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Bahman Pourabbas
Bahman Pourabbas
Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
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Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam
Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam
Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
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Gholamreza Pouladfar
Gholamreza Pouladfar
Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
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Zahra Rezaee
Zahra Rezaee
Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
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Abdolvahab Alborzi
Abdolvahab Alborzi
Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
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Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) remains the therapeutic cornerstone of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Twenty-one VL patients were treated with Glucantime, extending for 1 week after defervescence. For monitoring the response, Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA loads were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in the blood. The maximum duration of treatment was 14 days. The loads before treatment ranged from 8 to 1,300,000 parasites/mL (mean = 73,095 parasites/mL), and the mean values on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 90 were 4,902, 506, 6.33, 0.26, and 0.14, respectively. The loads decline to < 1 parasite/mL for 16 (76%) and 20 (95%) patients on days 14 and 28, respectively, and they decline for all patients by day 90. Results showed a dramatic decrease of the parasite loads, although complete clearance was not accomplished at the end of treatment. Only one relapse (4.5%) was observed. The parasite load can also serve as a dependable index for monitoring the response to Glucantime.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Bahman Pourabbas, Gholamreza Pouladfar, Zahra Rezaee, and Abdolvahab Alborzi, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, E-mails: bpourabbas@yahoo.com, pooladfar@yahoo.com, zahraa_rezaee@yahoo.com, and alborziiraj2004@yahoo.com. Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam, Department of Pediatrics, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran, E-mail: dr_karim56@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
WHO, 2010. Control of the leishmaniasis. Proceedings of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, March 22–26, 2010, Geneva, Switzerland.
-
2.
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M; WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE 7: e35671.
-
3.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Shamsizadeh A, 2006. Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Am J Med Hyg 74: 306–307.
-
4.
Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG, 2005. Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet 366: 1561–1577.
-
5.
Gradoni L, Soteriadou K, Louzir H, Dakkak A, Toz SO, Jaffe C, Dedet JP, Campino L, Cañavate C, Dujardin JC, 2008. Drug regimens for visceral leishmaniasis in Mediterranean countries. Trop Med Int Health 13: 1272–1276.
-
6.
Karimi A, Alborzi A, Mahmoodi MR, Rakhshani AH, Kadivar MR, 1998. Short course anti-Leishmania therapy in children with visceral leishmaniasis. Iran J Med Sci 23: 6–10.
-
7.
Shahian M, Alborzi A, 2009. Effect of meglumine antimoniate on the pancreas during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children. Med Sci Monit 15: 290–293.
-
8.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Nademi Z, Kadivar MR, Pourabbas B, 2006. Evaluation of rK39 strip test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in infants. East Mediterr Health J 12: 294–299.
-
9.
Aoun K, Chouihi E, Amri F, Ben Alaya N, Raies A, Mary C, Bouratbine A, 2009. Short report: contribution of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis patients treated with meglumine antimoniate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1004–1006.
-
10.
Mary C, Faraut F, Lascombe L, Dumon H, 2004. Quantitifications of Leishmania infantum DNA by real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5249–5255.
-
11.
Mary C, Faraut F, Drogoul MP, Xeridat B, Schleinitz N, Cuisenier B, Dumon H, 2006. Reference values for Leishmania infantum parasitaemia in different clinical presentations: quantitative PCR for therapeutic monitoring and patient follow-up. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 858–863.
-
12.
Sudarshan M, Weirather JL, Wilson ME, Sundar S, 2011. Study of parasite kinetics with antileishmanial drugs using real-time quantitative PCR in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 1751–1755.
-
13.
Lachaud L, Dereure J, Chabbert E, Reynes J, Mauboussin JM, Oziol E, Dedet JP, Bastien P, 2000. Optimized PCR using patient blood samples for diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis, with special reference to AIDS patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 236–240.
-
14.
Alborzi A, Pourabbas B, Shahian F, Mardaneh J, Pouladfar GR, Ziyaeyan M, 2008. Detection of Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA in the whole blood of asymptomatic individuals by PCR-ELISA and comparison with other infection markers in endemic areas, southern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 839–842.
-
15.
Smyth AJ, Ghosh A, Hassan MQ, Basu D, De Bruijn MH, Adhya S, Mallik KK, Barker DC, 1992. Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients. Parasitology 105: 183–192.
-
16.
le Fichoux Y, Quaranta JF, Aufeuvre JP, Lelievre A, Marty P, Suffia I, Rousseau D, Kubar J, 1999. Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France. J Clin Microbiol 37: 1953–1957.
-
17.
Tupperwar N, Vineeth V, Rath S, dya T, 2008. Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the quantification of Leishmania species and the monitoring of systemic distribution of the pathogen. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 61: 23–30.
-
18.
Mondal S, Bhattacharya P, Rahaman M, Ali N, Goswami RP, 2010. A curative immune profile one week after treatment of Indian kala-azar patients predicts success with a short-course liposomal amphotericin B therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e764.
-
19.
van der Meide W, Guerra J, Schoone G, Farenhorst M, Coelho L, Faber W, Peekel I, Schallig H, 2008. Comparison between quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, and real-time PCR for quantification of Leishmania parasites. J Clin Microbiol 46: 73–78.
-
20.
Costa CH, Stewart JM, Gomes RB, Garcez LM, Ramos PK, Bozza M, Satoskar A, Dissanayake S, Santos RS, Silva MR, Shaw JJ, David JR, Maguire JH, 2002. Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 334–337.
-
21.
Davis AJ, Murray HW, Handman E, 2004. Drugs against leishmaniasis: a synergy of technology and partnerships. Trends Parasitol 20: 73–76.
-
22.
Ghalib HW, Whittle JA, Kubin M, Hashim FA, el-Hassan AM, Grabstein KH, Trinchieri G, Reed SG, 1995. IL-12 enhances Th1-type responses in human Leishmania donovani infections. J Immunol 154: 4623–4629.
-
23.
Holaday BJ, Pompeu MM, Jeronimo S, Texeira MJ, Sousa A de A, Vasconcelos AW, Pearson RD, Abrams JS, Locksley RM, 1993. Potential role for interleukin-10 in the immunosuppression associated with kala azar. J Clin Invest 92: 2626–2632.
-
24.
Saha S, Mondal S, Ravindran R, Bhowmick S, Modak D, Mallick S, Rahman M, Kar S, Goswami R, Guha SK, Pramanik N, Saha B, Ali N, 2007. IL-10 and TGF-beta-mediated susceptibility in kala-azar and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: the significance of amphotericin B in the control of Leishmania donovani infection in India. J Immunol 179: 5592–5603.
-
25.
Engwerda CR, Murphy ML, Cotterell SE, Smelt SC, Kaye PM, 1998. Neutralization of IL-12 demonstrates the existence of discrete organ-specific phases in the control of Leishmania donovani. Eur J Immunol 28: 669–680.
-
26.
Theodos CM, Povinelli L, Molina R, Sherry B, Titus RG, 1991. Role of tumor necrosis factor in macrophage leishmanicidal activity in vitro and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in vivo. Infect Immun 59: 2839–2842.
-
27.
Haldar AK, Sen P, Roy S, 2011. Use of antimony in the treatment of leishmaniasis: current status and future directions. Mol Biol Int 1: 571242.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 222 | 163 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 323 | 22 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 81 | 11 | 0 |