ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Peters W, 1971. Malaria. Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy. BMJ 2: 95–98.
-
2.
Ferraroni JJ, Alencar FH, Shrimpton R, 1983. Multiple drug resistance in falciparum malaria from Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 138–139.
-
3.
Comer RD, Young MD, Porter JA Jr, Gauld JR, Merritt W, 1968. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17: 795–799.
-
4.
Marquino W, MacArthur JR, Barat LM, Oblitas FE, Arrunategui M, Garavito G, Chafloque ML, Pardave B, Gutierrez S, Arrospide N, Carrillo C, Cabezas C, Ruebush TK 2nd, 2003. Efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the north coast of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 120–123.
-
5.
Caraballo A, Rodriguez-Acosta A, 1999. Chemotherapy of malaria and resistance to antimalarial drugs in Guyana area, Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 120–124.
-
6.
Oostburg BF, 1973. Chloroquin-resistant tropical malaria in south Surinam. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 117: 693–694.
-
7.
Ache A, Escorihuela M, Vivas E, Paez E, Miranda L, Matos A, Perez W, Diaz O, Izarra E, 2002. In vivo drug resistance of falciparum malaria in mining areas of Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health 7: 737–743.
-
8.
Cortese JF, Caraballo A, Contreras CE, Plowe CV, 2002. Origin and dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutations in South America. J Infect Dis 186: 999–1006.
-
9.
Marquino W, Huilca M, Calampa C, Falconi E, Cabezas C, Naupay R, Ruebush TK 2nd, 2003. Efficacy of mefloquine and a mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon Basin of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 608–612.
-
10.
Secretaria de Salud de Honduras, 2010. Norma de Malaria en Honduras. Secretaria de Salud SdRP, Direccion General de Promocion de la Salud, Programa Nacional de la Prevencion y Control de la Malaria. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Secretaria de Salud de Honduras.
-
11.
Samudio F, Santamaria AM, Obaldia N 3rd, Pascale JM, Bayard V, Calzada JE, 2005. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance during an epidemic in Kuna Yala, Panama, Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 839–841.
-
12.
WHO, 2010. World Malaria Report: Global Malaria Programme. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
13.
Pan American Health Organization, 2012. PAHO Health Information Platform-Malaria Surveillance Indicators. Available at: www.paho.org/malariastats. Accessed February 10, 2012
-
14.
National Malaria Programme, 2011. Situation Report of Malaria in 2011: National Malaria Programme. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Ministry of Health.
-
15.
Nguyen-Dinh P, Hobbs JH, Campbell CC, 1981. Assessment of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Choluteca, Honduras. Bull World Health Organ 59: 641–646.
-
16.
Warsame M, Kimbute O, Machinda Z, Ruddy P, Melkisedick M, Peto T, Ribeiro I, Kitua A, Tomson G, Gomes M, 2007. Recognition, perceptions and treatment practices for severe malaria in rural Tanzania: implications for accessing rectal artesunate as a pre-referral. PLoS One 2: e149.
-
17.
World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, 1998. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Medicaments to Treat Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Americas. Report No.: PS/HCP/HCT/113/98. Washington, DC: WHO, OPS.
-
18.
Bereczky S, Martensson A, Gil JP, Farnert A, 2005. Short report: rapid DNA extraction from archive blood spots on filter paper for genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 249–251.
-
19.
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 687–692.
-
20.
Fontecha GA, Mendoza M, Banegas E, Poorak M, De Oliveira AM, Mancero T, Udhayakumar V, Lucchi NW, Mejia RE, 2012. Comparison of molecular tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Honduras. Malar J 11: 119.
-
21.
Griffing S, Syphard L, Sridaran S, McCollum AM, Mixson-Hayden T, Vinayak S, Villegas L, Barnwell JW, Escalante AA, Udhayakumar V, 2010. pfmdr1 amplification and fixation of pfcrt chloroquine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum in Venezuela. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1572–1579.
-
22.
Butler WP, Roberts DR, 2000. Malaria in the Americas: a model of reemergence. Mil Med 165: 897–902.
-
23.
PAHO, 2001. Situation of malaria programs in the Americas. Epidemiol Bull 22: 10–14.
-
24.
Le Jouan M, Jullien V, Tetanye E, Tran A, Rey E, Treluyer JM, Tod M, Pons G, 2005. Quinine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 3658–3662.
-
25.
Francis D, Nsobya SL, Talisuna A, Yeka A, Kamya MR, Machekano R, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, 2006. Geographic differences in antimalarial drug efficacy in Uganda are explained by differences in endemicity and not by known molecular markers of drug resistance. J Infect Dis 193: 978–986.
-
26.
Aubouy A, Bakary M, Keundjian A, Mbomat B, Makita JR, Migot-Nabias F, Cot M, Le Bras J, Deloron P, 2003. Combination of drug level measurement and parasite genotyping data for improved assessment of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacies in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 231–237.
-
27.
Andriantsoanirina V, Ratsimbasoa A, Bouchier C, Tichit M, Jahevitra M, Rabearimanana S, Raherinjafy R, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Durand R, Menard D, 2010. Chloroquine clinical failures in P. falciparum malaria are associated with mutant Pfmdr-1, not Pfcrt in Madagascar. PLoS One 5: e13281.
-
28.
Das MK, Lumb V, Mittra P, Singh SS, Dash AP, Sharma YD, 2010. High chloroquine treatment failure rates and predominance of mutant genotypes associated with chloroquine and antifolate resistance among falciparum malaria patients from the island of Car Nicobar, India. J Antimicrob Chemother 65: 1258–1261.
-
29.
World Health Organization, 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. WHO Document No. WHO/MAL/96.1077. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
30.
Jovel IT, Mejia RE, Banegas E, Piedade R, Alger J, Fontecha G, Ferrreira PE, Veiga MI, Enamorado IG, Bjorkman A, Ursing J, 2011. Drug resistance associated genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax collected in Honduras, Central America. Malar J 10: 376.
-
31.
WHO, 2010. Global Report on Antimalarial Drug Efficacy and Drug Resistance: 2000–2010. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Neuberger A, Zhong K, Kain KC, Schwartz E, 2012. Lack of evidence for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, Leogane, Haiti. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1487–1489.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1207 | 1047 | 357 |
| Full Text Views | 513 | 13 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 174 | 11 | 0 |
Efficacy of Chloroquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Honduras
Rosa Elena Mejia Torres
Rosa Elena Mejia Torres
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Rosa Elena Mejia Torres in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rosa Elena Mejia Torres in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Engels Ilich Banegas
Engels Ilich Banegas
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Engels Ilich Banegas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Engels Ilich Banegas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Meisy Mendoza
Meisy Mendoza
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Meisy Mendoza in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Meisy Mendoza in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Cesar Diaz
Cesar Diaz
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Cesar Diaz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Cesar Diaz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Sandra Tamara Mancero Bucheli
Sandra Tamara Mancero Bucheli
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Sandra Tamara Mancero Bucheli in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sandra Tamara Mancero Bucheli in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Gustavo A. Fontecha
Gustavo A. Fontecha
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Gustavo A. Fontecha in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gustavo A. Fontecha in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Md Tauqeer Alam
Md Tauqeer Alam
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Md Tauqeer Alam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Md Tauqeer Alam in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ira Goldman
Ira Goldman
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Ira Goldman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ira Goldman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
Venkatachalam Udhayakumar
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Venkatachalam Udhayakumar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Venkatachalam Udhayakumar in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jose Orlinder Nicolas Zambrano
Jose Orlinder Nicolas Zambrano
National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras; National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador; Area of Health Surveillance and Disease Control, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras; Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses (MEIZ)-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras
Search for other papers by Jose Orlinder Nicolas Zambrano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jose Orlinder Nicolas Zambrano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Chloroquine (CQ) is officially used for the primary treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Honduras. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of CQ for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the municipality of Puerto Lempira, Gracias a Dios, Honduras was evaluated using the Pan American Health Organization—World Health Organization protocol with a follow-up of 28 days. Sixty-eight patients from 6 months to 60 years of age microscopically diagnosed with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were included in the final analysis. All patients who were treated with CQ (25 mg/kg over 3 days) cleared parasitemia by day 3 and acquired no new P. falciparum infection within 28 days of follow-up. All the parasite samples sequenced for CQ resistance mutations (pfcrt) showed only the CQ-sensitive genotype (CVMNK). This finding shows that CQ remains highly efficacious for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Gracias a Dios, Honduras.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the USAID Pan American Health Organization agreement for the Amazon Malaria Initiative Network for Surveillance of Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance Project 527A-00-08-00026-00 and the Ministry of Health of Honduras.
Authors' addresses: Rosa Elena Mejia Torres, Engels Ilich Banegas, and Meisy Mendoza, National Malaria Laboratory, National Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Honduras, E-mails: rosaelenamejiatorres@yahoo.com, engelsbanegas@yahoo.com, and elimeis@hotmail.com. Cesar Diaz, National Malaria Eradication Service (SNEM), Ministry of Public Health, Ecuador, E-mail: diazcortezert@gmail.com. Sandra Tamara Mancero Bucheli, Pan American Health Organization, Honduras, E-mail: mancerot@paho.org. Gustavo A. Fontecha, Department of Masters in Infectious diseases and Zoonoses-Microbiology School, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras, E-mail: gustavo.fontecha@unah.edu.hn. Md Tauqeer Alam, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA, E-mail: hsf1@cdc.gov. Ira Goldman and Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: ifg1@cdc.gov and vxu0@cdc.gov. Jose Orlinder Nicolas Zambrano, National Malaria Program, Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Honduras, E-mail: jnicolaszambrano@yahoo.es.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Peters W, 1971. Malaria. Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy. BMJ 2: 95–98.
-
2.
Ferraroni JJ, Alencar FH, Shrimpton R, 1983. Multiple drug resistance in falciparum malaria from Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77: 138–139.
-
3.
Comer RD, Young MD, Porter JA Jr, Gauld JR, Merritt W, 1968. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17: 795–799.
-
4.
Marquino W, MacArthur JR, Barat LM, Oblitas FE, Arrunategui M, Garavito G, Chafloque ML, Pardave B, Gutierrez S, Arrospide N, Carrillo C, Cabezas C, Ruebush TK 2nd, 2003. Efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the north coast of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 120–123.
-
5.
Caraballo A, Rodriguez-Acosta A, 1999. Chemotherapy of malaria and resistance to antimalarial drugs in Guyana area, Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 120–124.
-
6.
Oostburg BF, 1973. Chloroquin-resistant tropical malaria in south Surinam. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 117: 693–694.
-
7.
Ache A, Escorihuela M, Vivas E, Paez E, Miranda L, Matos A, Perez W, Diaz O, Izarra E, 2002. In vivo drug resistance of falciparum malaria in mining areas of Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health 7: 737–743.
-
8.
Cortese JF, Caraballo A, Contreras CE, Plowe CV, 2002. Origin and dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutations in South America. J Infect Dis 186: 999–1006.
-
9.
Marquino W, Huilca M, Calampa C, Falconi E, Cabezas C, Naupay R, Ruebush TK 2nd, 2003. Efficacy of mefloquine and a mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon Basin of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 608–612.
-
10.
Secretaria de Salud de Honduras, 2010. Norma de Malaria en Honduras. Secretaria de Salud SdRP, Direccion General de Promocion de la Salud, Programa Nacional de la Prevencion y Control de la Malaria. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Secretaria de Salud de Honduras.
-
11.
Samudio F, Santamaria AM, Obaldia N 3rd, Pascale JM, Bayard V, Calzada JE, 2005. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum mutations associated with antimalarial drug resistance during an epidemic in Kuna Yala, Panama, Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 839–841.
-
12.
WHO, 2010. World Malaria Report: Global Malaria Programme. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
13.
Pan American Health Organization, 2012. PAHO Health Information Platform-Malaria Surveillance Indicators. Available at: www.paho.org/malariastats. Accessed February 10, 2012
-
14.
National Malaria Programme, 2011. Situation Report of Malaria in 2011: National Malaria Programme. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Ministry of Health.
-
15.
Nguyen-Dinh P, Hobbs JH, Campbell CC, 1981. Assessment of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Choluteca, Honduras. Bull World Health Organ 59: 641–646.
-
16.
Warsame M, Kimbute O, Machinda Z, Ruddy P, Melkisedick M, Peto T, Ribeiro I, Kitua A, Tomson G, Gomes M, 2007. Recognition, perceptions and treatment practices for severe malaria in rural Tanzania: implications for accessing rectal artesunate as a pre-referral. PLoS One 2: e149.
-
17.
World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, 1998. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Medicaments to Treat Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Americas. Report No.: PS/HCP/HCT/113/98. Washington, DC: WHO, OPS.
-
18.
Bereczky S, Martensson A, Gil JP, Farnert A, 2005. Short report: rapid DNA extraction from archive blood spots on filter paper for genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 249–251.
-
19.
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 687–692.
-
20.
Fontecha GA, Mendoza M, Banegas E, Poorak M, De Oliveira AM, Mancero T, Udhayakumar V, Lucchi NW, Mejia RE, 2012. Comparison of molecular tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Honduras. Malar J 11: 119.
-
21.
Griffing S, Syphard L, Sridaran S, McCollum AM, Mixson-Hayden T, Vinayak S, Villegas L, Barnwell JW, Escalante AA, Udhayakumar V, 2010. pfmdr1 amplification and fixation of pfcrt chloroquine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum in Venezuela. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1572–1579.
-
22.
Butler WP, Roberts DR, 2000. Malaria in the Americas: a model of reemergence. Mil Med 165: 897–902.
-
23.
PAHO, 2001. Situation of malaria programs in the Americas. Epidemiol Bull 22: 10–14.
-
24.
Le Jouan M, Jullien V, Tetanye E, Tran A, Rey E, Treluyer JM, Tod M, Pons G, 2005. Quinine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children with malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 3658–3662.
-
25.
Francis D, Nsobya SL, Talisuna A, Yeka A, Kamya MR, Machekano R, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, 2006. Geographic differences in antimalarial drug efficacy in Uganda are explained by differences in endemicity and not by known molecular markers of drug resistance. J Infect Dis 193: 978–986.
-
26.
Aubouy A, Bakary M, Keundjian A, Mbomat B, Makita JR, Migot-Nabias F, Cot M, Le Bras J, Deloron P, 2003. Combination of drug level measurement and parasite genotyping data for improved assessment of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacies in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 231–237.
-
27.
Andriantsoanirina V, Ratsimbasoa A, Bouchier C, Tichit M, Jahevitra M, Rabearimanana S, Raherinjafy R, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Durand R, Menard D, 2010. Chloroquine clinical failures in P. falciparum malaria are associated with mutant Pfmdr-1, not Pfcrt in Madagascar. PLoS One 5: e13281.
-
28.
Das MK, Lumb V, Mittra P, Singh SS, Dash AP, Sharma YD, 2010. High chloroquine treatment failure rates and predominance of mutant genotypes associated with chloroquine and antifolate resistance among falciparum malaria patients from the island of Car Nicobar, India. J Antimicrob Chemother 65: 1258–1261.
-
29.
World Health Organization, 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. WHO Document No. WHO/MAL/96.1077. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
30.
Jovel IT, Mejia RE, Banegas E, Piedade R, Alger J, Fontecha G, Ferrreira PE, Veiga MI, Enamorado IG, Bjorkman A, Ursing J, 2011. Drug resistance associated genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax collected in Honduras, Central America. Malar J 10: 376.
-
31.
WHO, 2010. Global Report on Antimalarial Drug Efficacy and Drug Resistance: 2000–2010. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Neuberger A, Zhong K, Kain KC, Schwartz E, 2012. Lack of evidence for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, Leogane, Haiti. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1487–1489.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1207 | 1047 | 357 |
| Full Text Views | 513 | 13 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 174 | 11 | 0 |