ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
Kitua AY, 2003. Malaria control in the context of integrated management of childhood illness in Tanzania: the challenges ahead. Tanzan Health Res Bull 5: 1–4.
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2.
Mboera LE, Kitua AY, 2001. Malaria epidemics in Tanzania: an overview. Afr J Health Sci 8: 14–18.
-
3.
Mboera LE, 2004. Environmental and socio-economic determinants of malaria epidemics in the highlands of Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull 6: 11–17.
-
4.
Maegga BT, Kalinga AK, Chacha SW, Kibona M, Mwayawale J, Jangson K, 2006. Malaria in Bulambya, Ileje district, south-west Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull 8: 17–21.
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Clyde DF, 1967. Malaria in Tanzania. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
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Mboera LE, Fanello CI, Malima RC, Talbert A, Fogliati P, Bobbio F, Molteni F, 2006. Comparison of the Paracheck-Pf tests to microscopy for confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100: 115–122.
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7.
Garay J, 1998. Epidemiological Survey and Situation Analysis: Malaria Epidemic in Nshamba Division, Muleba District, Tanzania. Spain: Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF).
-
8.
Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Benavente LE, Schwabe C, Torrez M, Kuklinski J, Morris N, Raman J, Carter J, 2006. Reduction in infection with Plasmodium falciparum one year after the introduction of malaria control interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 972–978.
-
9.
Kleinschmidt I, Schwabe C, Shiva M, Segura JL, Sima V, Mabunda SJ, Coleman M, 2009. Combining indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated net interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 519–524.
-
10.
Hamel MJ, Otieno P, Bayoh N, Kariuki S, Were V, Marwanga D, Laserson KF, Williamson J, Slutsker L, Gimnig J, 2011. The combination of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets provides added protection against malaria compared with insecticide-treated nets alone. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 1080–1086.
-
11.
URT, 2003. 2002 Population and Housing Census General Report. Central Census Office National Bureau of Statistics, President's Office, Planning and Privatization. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Government Printers.
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12.
Oesterholt MJ, Bousema JT, Mwerinde OK, Harris C, Lushino P, Masokoto A, Mwerinde H, Mosha FW, Drakeley CJ, 2006. Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania. Malar J 5: 98.
-
13.
Pohl B, Camberlin P, 2006. Influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on east African rainfall. I: intraseasonal variability and regional dependency. Q J R Meteorol Soc 132: 2521–2539.
-
14.
Wort UU, Hastings IM, Carlstedt A, Mutabingwa TK, Brabin BJ, 2004. Impact of El Nino and malaria on birthweight in two areas of Tanzania with different malaria transmission patterns. Int J Epidemiol 33: 1311–1319.
-
15.
Jones AE, Wort UU, Morse AP, Hastings IM, Gagnon AS, 2007. Climate prediction of El Niño malaria epidemics in north-west Tanzania. Malar J 6: 162.
-
16.
Gilles H, 1993. Epidemiology of malaria. Bruce-Chwantt's Essential Malariology. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
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17.
WHO, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria, Part II. Methods and Technique. WHO Offset Publications No. 13. Geneva: World Health Organization, 191.
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18.
Service MW, 1976. Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods. London, UK: Applied Science Publishers Ltd.
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19.
Ministry of Health, 1999. Summary Report of the Task Force on Antimalarial Drug Policy. United Republic of Tanzania: Ministry of Health.
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20.
IRIN, Tanzania, 2006. Zanzibar Winning Its Fight against Malaria. Available at: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61287. Accessed August 17, 2011.
-
21.
Jaenisch T, Sullivan DJ, Dutta A, Deb S, Ramsan M, Othman MK, Gaczkowski R, Tielsch J, Sazawal S, 2010. Malaria incidence and prevalence on Pemba Island before the onset of the successful control intervention on the Zanzibar Archipelago. Malar J 9: 32.
-
22.
Yapabandara AM, Curtis CF, Wickramasinghe MB, Fernando WP, 2001. Control of malaria vectors with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen in a gem-mining area in Sri Lanka. Acta Trop 80: 265–276.
-
23.
Mabaso ML, Sharp B, Lengeler C, 2004. Historical review of malarial control in southern African with emphasis on the use of indoor residual house-spraying. Trop Med Int Health 9: 846–856.
-
24.
Protopopoff N, Van Bortel W, Marcotty T, Van Herp M, Maes P, Baza D, D'Alessandro U, Coosemans M, 2007. Spatial targeted vector control in the highlands of Burundi and its impact on malaria transmission. Malar J 6: 158.
-
25.
Widmar M, Nagel CJ, Ho DY, Benziger PW, Hennig N, 2009. Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J 8: 315.
-
26.
Njau JD, Goodman CA, Kachur SP, Mulligan J, Munkondya JS, McHomvu N, Abdulla S, Bloland P, Mills A, 2008. The costs of introducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: evidence from district-wide implementation in rural Tanzania. Malar J 7: 4.
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WHO/RBM, 2005. Changing Malaria Treatment Policy to Artemisinin-Based Combinations: An implementation Guide. Arlington, VA: WHO/RBM.
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Kabanywanyi AM, Mwita A, Sumari D, Mandike R, Mugittu K, Abdulla S, 2007. Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based antimalarial in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children in southern Tanzania. Malar J 6: 146.
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Odongo-Aginya E, Ssegwanyi G, Kategere P, Vuzi PC, 2005. Relationship between malaria infection intensity and rainfall pattern in Entebbe peninsula, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 5: 238–245.
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Jambou R, Ranaivo L, Raharimalala L, Randrianaivo J, Rakotomanana F, Modiano D, Pietra V, Boisier P, Rabarijaona L, Rabe T, Raveloson N, De Giorgi F, 2001. Malaria in the highlands of Madagascar after five years of indoor house spraying of DDT. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 14–18.
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Syafruddin D, Krisin K, Asih P, Sekartuti S, Dewi RM, Coutrier F, Rozy IE, Susanti AI, Elyazar IR, Sutamihardja A, Rahmat A, Kinzer M, Rogers WO, 2009. Seasonal prevalence of malaria in West Sumba district, Indonesia. Malar J 8: 8.
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Modiano D, Chiucchiuini A, Petrarca V, Sirima BS, Luoni G, Roggero MA, Corradin G, Coluzzi M, Esposito F, 1999. Interethnic differences in the humoral response to non-repetitive regions of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 663–667.
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42.
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Smith A, 1959. Effect of residual house spraying in the plains of anopheline densities in huts on the Pare Mountains. Nature 183: 198–199.
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44.
Vezenegho SB, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, Koekemoer LL, 2009. Malaria vector composition and insecticide susceptibility status in Guinea Conakry, West Africa. Med Vet Entomol 23: 326–334.
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45.
Mouatcho JC, Hargreaves K, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Oliver SV, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2007. Indoor collections of the Anopheles funestus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in sprayed houses in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Malar J 6: 30.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 458 | 434 | 184 |
| Full Text Views | 383 | 16 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 120 | 12 | 2 |
Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying of Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Malaria Prevalence and Anemia in an Epidemic-Prone District of Muleba, North-Western Tanzania
Fabian M. Mashauri
Fabian M. Mashauri
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Safari M. Kinung'hi
Safari M. Kinung'hi
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Godfrey M. Kaatano
Godfrey M. Kaatano
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Stephen M. Magesa
Stephen M. Magesa
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Coleman Kishamawe
Coleman Kishamawe
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Joseph R. Mwanga
Joseph R. Mwanga
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Soori E. Nnko
Soori E. Nnko
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Robert C. Malima
Robert C. Malima
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Chacha N. Mero
Chacha N. Mero
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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Leonard E. G. Mboera
Leonard E. G. Mboera
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Center, Muheza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Research Triangle International Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya
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The Government of Tanzania introduced indoor residual spraying (IRS) in Muleba district in north-western Tanzania after frequent malaria epidemics. Malaria parasitological baseline and two cross-sectional follow-up surveys were conducted in villages under the IRS program and those not under IRS to assess the impact of IRS intervention. After two rounds of IRS intervention there was a significant reduction of malaria parasitological indices in both two villages. In IRS villages overall, parasitemia prevalence was reduced by 67.2%, splenomegaly was reduced by 75.8%, whereas anemia was reduced by 50.5%. There was also a decline of malaria parasite density from 896.4 at baseline to 128.8 at second follow-up survey. Similarly, there was also a reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages; however, parasitological indices in IRS villages remained far below the levels in non-IRS villages. The reduction of malaria parasitological indices in non-IRS villages might have been contributed by interventions other than IRS.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative through Research Triangle Institute - International and the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, of the United Republic of Tanzania. The sponsor had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing the manuscript.
Authors' addresses: Fabian M. Mashauri, Safari M. Kinung'hi, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Coleman Kishamawe, Joseph R. Mwanga, Soori E. Nnko, and Chacha N. Mero, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania, E-mails: mashauri@hotmail.com, kinunghi_csm@hotmail.com, gmkaatano@yahoo.com, kishamawe@yahoo.com, jrmwanga@yahoo.co.uk, soseremi@yahoo.com, and meroncn@yahoo.com. Stephen M. Magesa, Research Triangle International, Malaria Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: smagesa@hotmail.com. Robert C. Malima, National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, Tanzania, E-mail: r_malima@hotmail.com. Leonard E. G. Mboera, National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E-mail: lmboera@nimr.or.tz.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
Kitua AY, 2003. Malaria control in the context of integrated management of childhood illness in Tanzania: the challenges ahead. Tanzan Health Res Bull 5: 1–4.
-
2.
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-
3.
Mboera LE, 2004. Environmental and socio-economic determinants of malaria epidemics in the highlands of Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull 6: 11–17.
-
4.
Maegga BT, Kalinga AK, Chacha SW, Kibona M, Mwayawale J, Jangson K, 2006. Malaria in Bulambya, Ileje district, south-west Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull 8: 17–21.
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5.
Clyde DF, 1967. Malaria in Tanzania. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
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6.
Mboera LE, Fanello CI, Malima RC, Talbert A, Fogliati P, Bobbio F, Molteni F, 2006. Comparison of the Paracheck-Pf tests to microscopy for confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100: 115–122.
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7.
Garay J, 1998. Epidemiological Survey and Situation Analysis: Malaria Epidemic in Nshamba Division, Muleba District, Tanzania. Spain: Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF).
-
8.
Kleinschmidt I, Sharp B, Benavente LE, Schwabe C, Torrez M, Kuklinski J, Morris N, Raman J, Carter J, 2006. Reduction in infection with Plasmodium falciparum one year after the introduction of malaria control interventions on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 972–978.
-
9.
Kleinschmidt I, Schwabe C, Shiva M, Segura JL, Sima V, Mabunda SJ, Coleman M, 2009. Combining indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated net interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 519–524.
-
10.
Hamel MJ, Otieno P, Bayoh N, Kariuki S, Were V, Marwanga D, Laserson KF, Williamson J, Slutsker L, Gimnig J, 2011. The combination of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets provides added protection against malaria compared with insecticide-treated nets alone. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 1080–1086.
-
11.
URT, 2003. 2002 Population and Housing Census General Report. Central Census Office National Bureau of Statistics, President's Office, Planning and Privatization. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Government Printers.
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12.
Oesterholt MJ, Bousema JT, Mwerinde OK, Harris C, Lushino P, Masokoto A, Mwerinde H, Mosha FW, Drakeley CJ, 2006. Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania. Malar J 5: 98.
-
13.
Pohl B, Camberlin P, 2006. Influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on east African rainfall. I: intraseasonal variability and regional dependency. Q J R Meteorol Soc 132: 2521–2539.
-
14.
Wort UU, Hastings IM, Carlstedt A, Mutabingwa TK, Brabin BJ, 2004. Impact of El Nino and malaria on birthweight in two areas of Tanzania with different malaria transmission patterns. Int J Epidemiol 33: 1311–1319.
-
15.
Jones AE, Wort UU, Morse AP, Hastings IM, Gagnon AS, 2007. Climate prediction of El Niño malaria epidemics in north-west Tanzania. Malar J 6: 162.
-
16.
Gilles H, 1993. Epidemiology of malaria. Bruce-Chwantt's Essential Malariology. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
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17.
WHO, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria, Part II. Methods and Technique. WHO Offset Publications No. 13. Geneva: World Health Organization, 191.
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18.
Service MW, 1976. Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods. London, UK: Applied Science Publishers Ltd.
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20.
IRIN, Tanzania, 2006. Zanzibar Winning Its Fight against Malaria. Available at: http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61287. Accessed August 17, 2011.
-
21.
Jaenisch T, Sullivan DJ, Dutta A, Deb S, Ramsan M, Othman MK, Gaczkowski R, Tielsch J, Sazawal S, 2010. Malaria incidence and prevalence on Pemba Island before the onset of the successful control intervention on the Zanzibar Archipelago. Malar J 9: 32.
-
22.
Yapabandara AM, Curtis CF, Wickramasinghe MB, Fernando WP, 2001. Control of malaria vectors with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen in a gem-mining area in Sri Lanka. Acta Trop 80: 265–276.
-
23.
Mabaso ML, Sharp B, Lengeler C, 2004. Historical review of malarial control in southern African with emphasis on the use of indoor residual house-spraying. Trop Med Int Health 9: 846–856.
-
24.
Protopopoff N, Van Bortel W, Marcotty T, Van Herp M, Maes P, Baza D, D'Alessandro U, Coosemans M, 2007. Spatial targeted vector control in the highlands of Burundi and its impact on malaria transmission. Malar J 6: 158.
-
25.
Widmar M, Nagel CJ, Ho DY, Benziger PW, Hennig N, 2009. Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J 8: 315.
-
26.
Njau JD, Goodman CA, Kachur SP, Mulligan J, Munkondya JS, McHomvu N, Abdulla S, Bloland P, Mills A, 2008. The costs of introducing artemisinin-based combination therapy: evidence from district-wide implementation in rural Tanzania. Malar J 7: 4.
-
27.
WHO/RBM, 2005. Changing Malaria Treatment Policy to Artemisinin-Based Combinations: An implementation Guide. Arlington, VA: WHO/RBM.
-
28.
Kabanywanyi AM, Mwita A, Sumari D, Mandike R, Mugittu K, Abdulla S, 2007. Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based antimalarial in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children in southern Tanzania. Malar J 6: 146.
-
29.
Odongo-Aginya E, Ssegwanyi G, Kategere P, Vuzi PC, 2005. Relationship between malaria infection intensity and rainfall pattern in Entebbe peninsula, Uganda. Afr Health Sci 5: 238–245.
-
30.
Jambou R, Ranaivo L, Raharimalala L, Randrianaivo J, Rakotomanana F, Modiano D, Pietra V, Boisier P, Rabarijaona L, Rabe T, Raveloson N, De Giorgi F, 2001. Malaria in the highlands of Madagascar after five years of indoor house spraying of DDT. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 14–18.
-
31.
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-
32.
Syafruddin D, Krisin K, Asih P, Sekartuti S, Dewi RM, Coutrier F, Rozy IE, Susanti AI, Elyazar IR, Sutamihardja A, Rahmat A, Kinzer M, Rogers WO, 2009. Seasonal prevalence of malaria in West Sumba district, Indonesia. Malar J 8: 8.
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33.
Snow RW, Marsh K, 1998. New insights into the epidemiology of malaria relevant for disease control. Br Med Bull 54: 293–309.
-
34.
Modiano D, Chiucchiuini A, Petrarca V, Sirima BS, Luoni G, Roggero MA, Corradin G, Coluzzi M, Esposito F, 1999. Interethnic differences in the humoral response to non-repetitive regions of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 663–667.
-
35.
Akhwale WS, Lum JK, Kaneko A, Eto H, Obonyo C, Bjorkman A, Kobayakawa T, 2004. Anemia and malaria at different altitudes in the western highlands of Kenya. Acta Trop 91: 167–175.
-
36.
Gupta S, Snow RW, Donnelly CA, Marsh K, Newbold C, 1999. Immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria is acquired after one or two infections. Nat Med 5: 340–343.
-
37.
Guyatt HL, Corlett SK, Robinson TP, Ochola SA, Snow RW, 2002. Malaria prevention in highland Kenya: indoor residual house-spraying vs. insecticides-treated bednets. Trop Med Int Health 7: 298–303.
-
38.
Maxwell CA, Chambo W, Mwaimu M, Magogo F, Carneiro IA, Curtis CF, 2003. Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of alphacypermethrin treated nets. Malar J 2: 28.
-
39.
Kolaczinski K, Kolaczinski J, Kilian A, Meek S, 2007. Extension of indoor residual spraying for malaria control into high transmission settings in Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 852–853.
-
40.
Yukich JO, Lengeler C, Tediosi F, Brown N, Mulligan JA, Chavasse D, Stevens W, Justino J, Conteh L, Maharaj R, Erskine M, Mueller DH, Wiseman V, Ghebremeskel T, Zerom M, Goodman C, McGuire D, Urrutia JM, Sakho F, Hanson K, Sharp B, 2008. Costs and consequences of large-scale vector control for malaria. Malar J 7: 258.
-
41.
Ernst KC, Adoka SO, Kowuor DO, Wilson ML, John CC, 2006. Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors. Malar J 5: 78.
-
42.
Githeko AK, Ayisi JM, Odada PK, Atieli FK, Ndenga BA, Githure JI, Yan G, 2006. Topography and malaria transmission heterogeneity in western Kenya highlands: prospects for focal vector control. Malar J 5: 107.
-
43.
Smith A, 1959. Effect of residual house spraying in the plains of anopheline densities in huts on the Pare Mountains. Nature 183: 198–199.
-
44.
Vezenegho SB, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, Koekemoer LL, 2009. Malaria vector composition and insecticide susceptibility status in Guinea Conakry, West Africa. Med Vet Entomol 23: 326–334.
-
45.
Mouatcho JC, Hargreaves K, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Oliver SV, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2007. Indoor collections of the Anopheles funestus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in sprayed houses in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Malar J 6: 30.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 458 | 434 | 184 |
| Full Text Views | 383 | 16 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 120 | 12 | 2 |