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-
1.
Lucas CM, Franke ED, Cachay MI, Tejada A, Cruz ME, Kreutzer RD, Barker DC, McCann SH, Watts DM, 1998. Geographic distribution and clinical description of leishmaniasis cases in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 312–317.
-
2.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
3.
David CV, Craft N, 2009. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Derm Ther 22: 491–502.
-
4.
Santrich C, Segura I, Arias AL, Saravia NG, 1990. Mucosal disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42: 51–55.
-
5.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
6.
Arevalo J, Ramirez L, Adaui V, Zimic M, Tulliano G, Miranda-Verástegui C, Lazo M, Loayza-Muro R, De Doncker S, Maurer A, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2007. Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 195: 1846–1851.
-
7.
Pan American Health Organization, Peru. Resumen del Analisis de Situacion y Tendencias de Salud. Available at: http://www.paho.org/spanish/dd/ais/cp_604.htm. Accessed April 23, 2012.
-
8.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Shaw JJ, Ribeiro R, 1984. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonia. Report of the 1st human case of mixed infection, determined by 2 different Leishmania species: Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 26: 272–275.
-
9.
Oliveira Neto MP, Marzochi MCA, Grimaldi G, Pacheco RS, Toledo LM, Momen H, 1985. Concurrent human infection with Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 80: 587–592.
-
10.
Hernandez-Montes O, Monroy-Ostria A, McCann S, Barker DC, 1998. Identification of Mexican Leishmania species by analysis of PCR amplified DNA. Acta Trop 71: 139–153.
-
11.
Martinez E, Mollinedo S, Torrez M, Munoz M, Banuls A-L, Le Pont F, 2002. Co-infection by Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum/L. chagasi in a case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 529–532.
-
12.
Aldiwany LJ, Alawkati NA, Atia M, Rassam MB, 1995. Concomitant natural infection with L. donovani and L. major: a case report from Iraq. Soz Praventivmed 40: 234–238.
-
13.
Ibrahim ME, Smyth AJ, Ali MH, Barker DC, Kharazmi A, 1994. The polymerase chain reaction can reveal the occurrence of naturally mixed infections with Leishmania parasites. Acta Trop 57: 327–332.
-
14.
Bastrenta B, Mita N, Buitrago R, Vargas F, Flores M, Machane M, Yacsik N, Torrez M, Le Pont F, Brenière F, 2003. Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 255–264.
-
15.
Boggild AK, Pilar Ramos A, Veland N, Valencia BM, Calderon F, Arevalo J, Low DE, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2011. Diagnostic performance of filter paper lesion impression PCR in both secondarily infected ulcers and non-ulcerative lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1097–1100.
-
16.
Boggild AK, Valencia BM, Espinosa D, Veland N, Pilar Ramos A, Arevalo J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Low DE, 2010. Detection and species identification of Leishmania kDNA from filter-paper lesion impressions for patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis 50: e1–e6.
-
17.
Veland N, Boggild AK, Valencia C, Valencia BM, Llanos-Cuentas A, Van der Auwera G, Dujardin JC, Arevalo J, 2012. Leishmania (Viannia) species identification in clinical samples from cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru: assessment of a molecular step-wise approach. J Clin Microbiol 50: 495–498.
-
18.
Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH, 2006. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 111–126.
-
19.
Yardley V, Ortuño N, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, Doncker SD, Ramirez L, Croft S, Arevalo J, Adaui V, Bermudez H, Decuypere S, Dujardin JC, 2006. American tegumentary leishmaniasis: is antimonial treatment outcome related to parasite drug susceptibility? J Infect Dis 194: 1168–1175.
-
20.
Yardley V, Croft SL, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Koirala S, Rijal S, Miranda C, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, 2005. The sensitivity of clinical isolates of Leishmania from Peru and Nepal to miltefosine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 272–275.
-
21.
Kaye P, Scott P, 2011. Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 604–615.
-
22.
Osorio Y, Gonzalez SJ, Gama VL, Travi BL, 1998. Reinfection in American cutaneous leishmaniasis: evaluation of clinical outcomes in the hamster model. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93: 353–356.
-
23.
Pérez H, Arredondo B, Machado R, 1979. Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania tropica: cross immunity in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Parasitol 48: 9–14.
-
24.
Abdullah SM, Flath B, Presber W, 1998. Mixed infection of human U-937 cells by two different species of Leishmania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 182–188.
-
25.
Aebischer T, 1994. Recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis: a role for persistent parasites? Parasitol Today 10: 25–28.
-
26.
Killick-Kendrick R, Bryceson AD, Peters W, Evans DA, Leaney AJ, Rioux JA, 1985. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: lesions healing naturally in man followed by second infection with the same zymodeme of Leishmania major. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 363–365.
-
27.
Correa JR, Brazil RP, Soares MJ, 2005. Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a divergent Leishmania of the Viannia subgenus: a mini review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 100: 587–592.
-
28.
Martinez E, Le Pont F, Mollinedo S, Cupolillo E, 2001. A first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 375–377.
-
29.
Lucas CM, Franke ED, Cachay MI, Tejada A, Carrizales D, Kreutzer RD, 1994.Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni: first isolation in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 533–537.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 519 | 432 | 274 |
| Full Text Views | 531 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 67 | 10 | 0 |
Simultaneous Infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) lainsoni in a Peruvian Patient with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Nicolas Veland
Nicolas Veland
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Braulio Mark Valencia
Braulio Mark Valencia
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Milena Alba
Milena Alba
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vanessa Adaui
Vanessa Adaui
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jorge Arevalo
Jorge Arevalo
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Andrea K. Boggild
Andrea K. Boggild
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Conventional understanding suggests that simultaneous infection with more than one species of Leishmania is unlikely. In Peru, co-infections are clinically relevant because causative species dictates prognosis, treatment response, and follow-up. We describe a case of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and L. (V.) lainsoni co-infection in a Peruvian patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Author Notes
Financial support: Andrea K. Boggild was supported by a Detweiler Traveling Fellowship from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Personnel and facility fees for the Arevalo molecular laboratory (Nicolas Veland, Milena Alba, Vanessa Adaui, and Jorge Arevalo) were supported by the Institutional Collaboration Framework Agreement 3 from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation.
Authors' addresses: Nicolas Veland, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, E-mail: nicolasveland@yahoo.com. Braulio Mark Valencia and Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Institute of Tropical Medicine Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mails: braulio.valencia@upch.pe and elmer.llanos@upch.pe. Milena Alba, Vanessa Adaui, and Jorge Arevalo, Departmento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mails: milenacollado@yahoo.es, vanessa.adaui@upch.pe, and biomoljazz@gmail.com. Andrea K. Boggild, Tropical Disease Unit, UHN-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, E-mail: andrea.boggild@utoronto.ca.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Lucas CM, Franke ED, Cachay MI, Tejada A, Cruz ME, Kreutzer RD, Barker DC, McCann SH, Watts DM, 1998. Geographic distribution and clinical description of leishmaniasis cases in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 312–317.
-
2.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
3.
David CV, Craft N, 2009. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Derm Ther 22: 491–502.
-
4.
Santrich C, Segura I, Arias AL, Saravia NG, 1990. Mucosal disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42: 51–55.
-
5.
Osorio LE, Castillo CM, Ochoa MT, 1998. Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 49–52.
-
6.
Arevalo J, Ramirez L, Adaui V, Zimic M, Tulliano G, Miranda-Verástegui C, Lazo M, Loayza-Muro R, De Doncker S, Maurer A, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2007. Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 195: 1846–1851.
-
7.
Pan American Health Organization, Peru. Resumen del Analisis de Situacion y Tendencias de Salud. Available at: http://www.paho.org/spanish/dd/ais/cp_604.htm. Accessed April 23, 2012.
-
8.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Shaw JJ, Ribeiro R, 1984. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonia. Report of the 1st human case of mixed infection, determined by 2 different Leishmania species: Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 26: 272–275.
-
9.
Oliveira Neto MP, Marzochi MCA, Grimaldi G, Pacheco RS, Toledo LM, Momen H, 1985. Concurrent human infection with Leishmania donovani and Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 80: 587–592.
-
10.
Hernandez-Montes O, Monroy-Ostria A, McCann S, Barker DC, 1998. Identification of Mexican Leishmania species by analysis of PCR amplified DNA. Acta Trop 71: 139–153.
-
11.
Martinez E, Mollinedo S, Torrez M, Munoz M, Banuls A-L, Le Pont F, 2002. Co-infection by Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum/L. chagasi in a case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 529–532.
-
12.
Aldiwany LJ, Alawkati NA, Atia M, Rassam MB, 1995. Concomitant natural infection with L. donovani and L. major: a case report from Iraq. Soz Praventivmed 40: 234–238.
-
13.
Ibrahim ME, Smyth AJ, Ali MH, Barker DC, Kharazmi A, 1994. The polymerase chain reaction can reveal the occurrence of naturally mixed infections with Leishmania parasites. Acta Trop 57: 327–332.
-
14.
Bastrenta B, Mita N, Buitrago R, Vargas F, Flores M, Machane M, Yacsik N, Torrez M, Le Pont F, Brenière F, 2003. Human mixed infections of Leishmania spp. and Leishmania-Trypanosoma cruzi in a sub Andean Bolivian area: identification by polymerase chain reaction/hybridization and isoenzyme. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 255–264.
-
15.
Boggild AK, Pilar Ramos A, Veland N, Valencia BM, Calderon F, Arevalo J, Low DE, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2011. Diagnostic performance of filter paper lesion impression PCR in both secondarily infected ulcers and non-ulcerative lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1097–1100.
-
16.
Boggild AK, Valencia BM, Espinosa D, Veland N, Pilar Ramos A, Arevalo J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Low DE, 2010. Detection and species identification of Leishmania kDNA from filter-paper lesion impressions for patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis 50: e1–e6.
-
17.
Veland N, Boggild AK, Valencia C, Valencia BM, Llanos-Cuentas A, Van der Auwera G, Dujardin JC, Arevalo J, 2012. Leishmania (Viannia) species identification in clinical samples from cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru: assessment of a molecular step-wise approach. J Clin Microbiol 50: 495–498.
-
18.
Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH, 2006. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 19: 111–126.
-
19.
Yardley V, Ortuño N, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, Doncker SD, Ramirez L, Croft S, Arevalo J, Adaui V, Bermudez H, Decuypere S, Dujardin JC, 2006. American tegumentary leishmaniasis: is antimonial treatment outcome related to parasite drug susceptibility? J Infect Dis 194: 1168–1175.
-
20.
Yardley V, Croft SL, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Koirala S, Rijal S, Miranda C, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, 2005. The sensitivity of clinical isolates of Leishmania from Peru and Nepal to miltefosine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 272–275.
-
21.
Kaye P, Scott P, 2011. Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 604–615.
-
22.
Osorio Y, Gonzalez SJ, Gama VL, Travi BL, 1998. Reinfection in American cutaneous leishmaniasis: evaluation of clinical outcomes in the hamster model. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93: 353–356.
-
23.
Pérez H, Arredondo B, Machado R, 1979. Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania tropica: cross immunity in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Parasitol 48: 9–14.
-
24.
Abdullah SM, Flath B, Presber W, 1998. Mixed infection of human U-937 cells by two different species of Leishmania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 182–188.
-
25.
Aebischer T, 1994. Recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis: a role for persistent parasites? Parasitol Today 10: 25–28.
-
26.
Killick-Kendrick R, Bryceson AD, Peters W, Evans DA, Leaney AJ, Rioux JA, 1985. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: lesions healing naturally in man followed by second infection with the same zymodeme of Leishmania major. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 363–365.
-
27.
Correa JR, Brazil RP, Soares MJ, 2005. Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a divergent Leishmania of the Viannia subgenus: a mini review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 100: 587–592.
-
28.
Martinez E, Le Pont F, Mollinedo S, Cupolillo E, 2001. A first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni in Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 375–377.
-
29.
Lucas CM, Franke ED, Cachay MI, Tejada A, Carrizales D, Kreutzer RD, 1994.Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni: first isolation in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 533–537.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 519 | 432 | 274 |
| Full Text Views | 531 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 67 | 10 | 0 |