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Surveillance of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mosquitoes in Vietnam from 2006 to 2008
Ryusei Kuwata
Ryusei Kuwata
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Phan Thi Nga
Phan Thi Nga
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen Thi Yen
Nguyen Thi Yen
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Keita Hoshino
Keita Hoshino
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Haruhiko Isawa
Haruhiko Isawa
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Yukiko Higa
Yukiko Higa
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen Vet Hoang
Nguyen Vet Hoang
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Bui Minh Trang
Bui Minh Trang
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Do Phuong Loan
Do Phuong Loan
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Tran Vu Phong
Tran Vu Phong
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Toshinori Sasaki
Toshinori Sasaki
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Yoshio Tsuda
Yoshio Tsuda
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mutsuo Kobayashi
Mutsuo Kobayashi
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Kyoko Sawabe
Kyoko Sawabe
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Masahiro Takagi
Masahiro Takagi
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in Vietnam from 2006 to 2008. A total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of JEV infection by assays for cytopathic effects in C6/36 cells and by RT-PCR to detect flavivirus RNA. Three JEV strains were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles collected in northern and southern Vietnam and two JEV strains were isolated from Culex vishnui Theobald collected in the highlands of Vietnam. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses, based on complete E gene nucleotide sequences, revealed that the five JEV strains were classified into the genotype I group and six amino acid differences were found in these five strains. These results indicated that multiple JEV genotype I populations are circulating countrywide in Vietnam, transmitted by bites of their Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. vishnui.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was partially supported by grant-in-aids awarded by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (H21-Shinko-Ippan-005), JSPS KAKENHI Grant (no. 21406012) and by Japan initiative for global Research network on infectious diseases (J-grid) (Program of Founding Research Centers for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (2005–2009).
Authors' addresses: Ryusei Kuwata, Keita Hoshino, Haruhiko Isawa, Toshinori Sasaki, Yoshio Tsuda, Mutsuo Kobayashi, and Kyoko Sawabe, Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, E-mails: ryusei@nih.go.jp, khoshino@nih.go.jp, hisawa@nih.go.jp, tsasaki@nih.go.jp, tsudayso@nih.go.jp, mutsuo@nih.go.jp, and sawabe@nih.go.jp. Phan Thi Nga, Department for Training and Research Management, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mail: pnga_arboviruses@yahoo.com. Nguyen Thi Yen and Tran Vu Phong, Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mails: yenanihe@yahoo.com and tranvuphong@yahoo.com. Yukiko Higa and Masahiro Takagi, Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, E-mails: yukko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp and mstakagi@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. Nguyen Vet Hoang, Bui Minh Trang, and Do Phuong Loan, Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mails: hoangyhn2000@gmail.com, trangminhbui3007@gmail.com, and loankobe@yahoo.com.
Reprint requests: Kyoko Sawabe, Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan, Tel: 81-3-5285-1111, Fax: 81-3-5285-1178, E-mail: sawabe@nih.go.jp.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2007. Manual for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection, 1–52.
-
2.
Erlanger TE, Weiss S, Keiser J, Utzinger J, Wiedenmayer K, 2009. Past, present, and future of Japanese encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1–7.
-
3.
Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen M, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT, 2000. Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68: 405–415.
-
4.
Van Den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2009. Ecology and geographical expansion of Japanese encephalitis virus. Annu Rev Entomol 54: 17–35.
-
5.
Tewari SC, Thenmozhi V, Arunachalam N, Samuel PP, Tyagi BK, 2008. Desiccated vector mosquitoes used for the surveillance of Japanese encephalitis virus activity in endemic southern India. Trop Med Int Health 13: 286–290.
-
6.
Hanna JN, Ritchie SA, Phillips DA, Shield J, Bailey MC, Mackenzie JS, Poidinger M, McCall BJ, Mills PJ, 1996. An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the Torres Strait, Australia, 1995. Med J Aust 165: 256–260.
-
7.
Pyke AT, Williams DT, Nisbet DJ, van den Hurk AF, Taylor CT, Johansen CA, Macdonald J, Hall RA, Simmons RJ, Mason RJ, Lee JM, Ritchie SA, Smith GA, Mackenzie JS, 2001. The appearance of a second genotype of Japanese encephalitis virus in the Australasian region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 747–753.
-
8.
Nga PT, del Carmen Parquet M, Cuong VD, Ma SP, Hasebe F, Inoue S, Makino Y, Takagi M, Nam VS, Morita K, 2004. Shift in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype circulating in northern Vietnam: implications for frequent introductions of JEV from Southeast Asia to East Asia. J Gen Virol 85: 1625–1631.
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