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-
1.
Srividya G, Kulshrestha A, Singh R, Salotra P, 2012. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: developments over the last decade. Parasitol Res 110: 1065–1078.
-
2.
Sundar S, Rai M, 2002. Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9: 951–958.
-
3.
Momen H, Grimaldi Júnior G, Deane LM, 1987. Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL)? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 82: 447–448.
-
4.
Maia Z, Lírio M, Mistro S, Mendes CM, Mehta SR, Badaro R, 2012. Comparative study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1484.
-
5.
Martin SK, Thuita-Harun L, Adoyo-Adoyo M, Wasunna KM, 1998. A diagnostic ELISA for visceral leishmaniasis, based on antigen from media conditioned by Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 571–577.
-
6.
Rajasekariah GH, Ryan JR, Hillier SR, Yi LP, Stiteler JM, Cui L, Smithyman AM, Martin SK, 2001. Optimization of an ELISA for the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using in vitro derived promastigote antigens. J Immunol Methods 252: 105–119.
-
7.
Greenblatt CL, Glaser P, 1965. Temperature effect on Leishmania enriettii in vitro. Exp Parasitol 16: 36–52.
-
8.
Lemesre JL, Holzmuller P, Cavaleyra M, Goncalves RB, Hottin G, Papierok G, 2005. Protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis infection in dogs immunized with purified excreted secreted antigens of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Vaccine 23: 2825–2840.
-
9.
DebRoy S, Keenan AB, Ueno N, Jeronimo SM, Donelson JE, Wilson ME, 2010. Leishmania infantum chagasi: a genome-based approach to identification of excreted/secreted proteins. Exp Parasitol 126: 582–591.
-
10.
Silverman JM, Chan SK, Robinson DP, Dwyer DM, Nandan D, Foster LJ, Reiner NE, 2008. Proteomic analysis of the secretome of Leishmania donovani. Genome Biol 9: R35.
-
11.
Rosa R, Rodrigues OR, Marques C, Santos-Gomes GM, 2005. Leishmania infantum: soluble proteins released by the parasite exert differential effects on host immune response. Exp Parasitol 109: 106–114.
-
12.
Cibrelus P, Précigout E, Sereno D, Carcy B, Lemesre JL, Gorenflot A, 1999. Secreted antigens of the amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum inducing a humoral response in humans and dogs. Parasite 6: 121–129.
-
13.
Ryan JR, Smithyman MA, Rajasekariah GH, Hochberg L, Stiteler MJ, Martin SK, 2002. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on soluble promastigote antigen detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in sera from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1037–1043.
-
14.
Rajasekariah GH, Cardoso L, Dogcio DA, Martin SK, Smithyman AM, 2008. A novel exo-antigen-based ELISA for the detection of canine leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 616–623.
-
15.
Romero LI, Paz HM, Ortega-Barría E, Bayard V, Hochberg LP, Collins KM, Chan AS, Ryan JR, 2004. Evaluation of serological assays based on a novel excreted antigen preparation for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama. J Microbiol Methods 37: 391–397.
-
16.
Avila JL, Rojas M, Acosta A, 1991. Glycoinositol phospholipids from American Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp.: partial characterization of the glycan cores and the human humoral immune response to them. J Clin Microbiol 29: 2305–2312.
-
17.
Oppenheimer M, Valenciano AL, Sobrado P, 2011. Biosynthesis of galactofuranose in kinetoplastids: novel therapeutic targets for treating leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. Enzyme Res 2011: 415976.
-
18.
Reed SG, Badaró R, Lloyd RM, 1987. Identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of Leishmania donovani chagasi by human infection sera. J Immunol 138: 1596–1601.
-
19.
Romero HD, Silva LA, Silva-Vergara ML, Rodrigues V, Costa RT, Guimarães SF, Alecrim W, Moraes-Souza H, Prata A, 2009. Comparative study of serologic tests for the diagnosis of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 27–33.
-
20.
Silvestre R, Santarém N, Teixeira L, Cunha J, Schalig H, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, 2009. Evaluation of Leishmania species reactivity in human serologic diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 202–208.
-
21.
Howard MK, Gull K, Miles MA, 1987. Antibodies to tubulin in patients with parasitic infections. Clin Exp Immunol 68: 78–85.
-
22.
Badaró R, Benson D, Eulálio MC, Freire M, Cunha S, Netto EM, Pedral-Sampaio D, Madureira C, Burns JM, Houghton RL, David JR, Reed SG, 1996. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173: 758–761.
-
23.
Howard MK, Pharoah MM, Ashall F, Miles MA, 1991. Human urine stimulates growth of Leishmania in vitro. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 477–479.
-
24.
Umezawa ES, Nascimento MS, Stolf AM, 2001. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Trypanosoma cruzi excreted–secreted antigens (TESA-ELISA) for serodiagnosis of acute and chronic Chagas' disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 39: 169–176.
-
25.
Alcolea PJ, Alonso A, Larraga V, 2011. Proteome profiling of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 58: 352–358.
-
26.
Umezawa ES, Nascimento MS, Kesper JN, Coura JR, Borges-Pereira J, Junqueira CV, Camargo ME, 1996. Immunoblot assay using excreted-secreted antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in serodiagnosis of congenital, acute, and chronic Chagas disease. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2143–2147.
-
27.
De Souza SD, Pinheiro PH, Katz S, dos Santos MR, Barbiéri CL, 2005. A recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi suitable for serodiagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 126–132.
-
28.
Caballero ZC, Sousa OE, Marques WP, Saez-Alquezar A, Umezawa ES, 2007. Evaluation of serological tests to identify Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and determine cross-reactivity with Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania spp. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14: 1045–1049.
-
29.
Palatinik-de-Sousa CB, Dutra HS, Borojevic R, 1993. Leishmania donovani surface glycoconjugate GP36 is the major immunogen component of the fucose mannose ligand (FML). Acta Trop 53: 59–72.
-
30.
Gontijo CMF, Melo NM, 2004. Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: current status, challenges and prospects. Rev Brasil Epidemiol 7: 338–346.
-
31.
Meira CS, Vidal JE, Costa-Silva TA, Frazatti-Gallina N, Pereira-Chioccola VL, 2011. Immunodiagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid of cerebral toxoplasmosis and HIV-infected patients using Toxoplasma gondii excreted/secreted antigens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 71: 279–285.
-
32.
Paape D, Aebischer T, 2011. Contribution of Leishmania spp. to the understanding of differentiation, drug resistance mechanisms, vaccine and drug development. J Proteomics 74: 1614–1624.
-
33.
Abramo C, Fontes CJ, Krettli AU, 1995. Cross-reactivity between antibodies in the sera of individuals with leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and Chagas' disease and antigens of the blood-stage forms of Plasmodium falciparum determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 202–205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 11 | 11 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 283 | 86 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 22 | 0 |
The Efficacy of L. (L.) chagasi Excreted-Secreted Antigens (ESAs) for Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis Is Due To Low Levels of Cross-Reactivity
Viviana Pinedo-Cancino
Viviana Pinedo-Cancino
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil
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Norival Kesper
Norival Kesper
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil
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Clara Lúcia Barbiéri
Clara Lúcia Barbiéri
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil
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José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil
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Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa
Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil
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The analysis of promastigote excreted–secreted antigen (ESA) reactivity with 53 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases showed that each sample reacted regardless of the antigen or the Leishmania species used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) displayed 100% positivity with the L. (L.) chagasi ESA-blot recognizing bands of molecular weight ranging from 26.5 to 31.5 kDa. The analysis of 160 non-visceral cases showed that 5% of the samples cross-reacted with the L. (L.) chagasi ESA-ELISA and 9.4% reacted with the ESA isolated from L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, whereas a high cross-reaction ranging from 24.4% to 25% was observed with total crude promastigote antigens (PRO-ELISA). The ESA-blot of L. (L.) chagasi tested with non-visceral sera samples showed a cross-reaction with 8.8% of cases; most of these cases represented tegumentary leishmaniasis and only one acute chagasic case. These data lead us to recommend the use of ESA as an alternative antigen in VL diagnosis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work represents a portion of the Master's thesis produced by V. Pinedo-Cancino, who is a recipient of a fellowship from CNPq/Brazil. Partial funding was provided by LIM49-FMUSP. The authors thank S. Uliana for encouraging this study and for providing the Leishmania spp. parasites and M. P. Leal for the technical assistance.
Authors' addresses: Viviana Pinedo-Cancino, Norival Kesper, and Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: vivicancino@usp.br, nkesper@usp.br, and eumezawa@usp.br. Clara Lúcia Barbiéri, Departamento de Microbiologia, Immunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: barbieri.clara@unifesp.br. José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso, Instituto Emilio Ribas de São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: jlindoso@usp.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Srividya G, Kulshrestha A, Singh R, Salotra P, 2012. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: developments over the last decade. Parasitol Res 110: 1065–1078.
-
2.
Sundar S, Rai M, 2002. Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9: 951–958.
-
3.
Momen H, Grimaldi Júnior G, Deane LM, 1987. Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL)? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 82: 447–448.
-
4.
Maia Z, Lírio M, Mistro S, Mendes CM, Mehta SR, Badaro R, 2012. Comparative study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1484.
-
5.
Martin SK, Thuita-Harun L, Adoyo-Adoyo M, Wasunna KM, 1998. A diagnostic ELISA for visceral leishmaniasis, based on antigen from media conditioned by Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 571–577.
-
6.
Rajasekariah GH, Ryan JR, Hillier SR, Yi LP, Stiteler JM, Cui L, Smithyman AM, Martin SK, 2001. Optimization of an ELISA for the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis using in vitro derived promastigote antigens. J Immunol Methods 252: 105–119.
-
7.
Greenblatt CL, Glaser P, 1965. Temperature effect on Leishmania enriettii in vitro. Exp Parasitol 16: 36–52.
-
8.
Lemesre JL, Holzmuller P, Cavaleyra M, Goncalves RB, Hottin G, Papierok G, 2005. Protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis infection in dogs immunized with purified excreted secreted antigens of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Vaccine 23: 2825–2840.
-
9.
DebRoy S, Keenan AB, Ueno N, Jeronimo SM, Donelson JE, Wilson ME, 2010. Leishmania infantum chagasi: a genome-based approach to identification of excreted/secreted proteins. Exp Parasitol 126: 582–591.
-
10.
Silverman JM, Chan SK, Robinson DP, Dwyer DM, Nandan D, Foster LJ, Reiner NE, 2008. Proteomic analysis of the secretome of Leishmania donovani. Genome Biol 9: R35.
-
11.
Rosa R, Rodrigues OR, Marques C, Santos-Gomes GM, 2005. Leishmania infantum: soluble proteins released by the parasite exert differential effects on host immune response. Exp Parasitol 109: 106–114.
-
12.
Cibrelus P, Précigout E, Sereno D, Carcy B, Lemesre JL, Gorenflot A, 1999. Secreted antigens of the amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum inducing a humoral response in humans and dogs. Parasite 6: 121–129.
-
13.
Ryan JR, Smithyman MA, Rajasekariah GH, Hochberg L, Stiteler MJ, Martin SK, 2002. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on soluble promastigote antigen detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in sera from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1037–1043.
-
14.
Rajasekariah GH, Cardoso L, Dogcio DA, Martin SK, Smithyman AM, 2008. A novel exo-antigen-based ELISA for the detection of canine leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 616–623.
-
15.
Romero LI, Paz HM, Ortega-Barría E, Bayard V, Hochberg LP, Collins KM, Chan AS, Ryan JR, 2004. Evaluation of serological assays based on a novel excreted antigen preparation for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama. J Microbiol Methods 37: 391–397.
-
16.
Avila JL, Rojas M, Acosta A, 1991. Glycoinositol phospholipids from American Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp.: partial characterization of the glycan cores and the human humoral immune response to them. J Clin Microbiol 29: 2305–2312.
-
17.
Oppenheimer M, Valenciano AL, Sobrado P, 2011. Biosynthesis of galactofuranose in kinetoplastids: novel therapeutic targets for treating leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease. Enzyme Res 2011: 415976.
-
18.
Reed SG, Badaró R, Lloyd RM, 1987. Identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of Leishmania donovani chagasi by human infection sera. J Immunol 138: 1596–1601.
-
19.
Romero HD, Silva LA, Silva-Vergara ML, Rodrigues V, Costa RT, Guimarães SF, Alecrim W, Moraes-Souza H, Prata A, 2009. Comparative study of serologic tests for the diagnosis of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 27–33.
-
20.
Silvestre R, Santarém N, Teixeira L, Cunha J, Schalig H, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, 2009. Evaluation of Leishmania species reactivity in human serologic diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 202–208.
-
21.
Howard MK, Gull K, Miles MA, 1987. Antibodies to tubulin in patients with parasitic infections. Clin Exp Immunol 68: 78–85.
-
22.
Badaró R, Benson D, Eulálio MC, Freire M, Cunha S, Netto EM, Pedral-Sampaio D, Madureira C, Burns JM, Houghton RL, David JR, Reed SG, 1996. rK39: a cloned antigen of Leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 173: 758–761.
-
23.
Howard MK, Pharoah MM, Ashall F, Miles MA, 1991. Human urine stimulates growth of Leishmania in vitro. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 477–479.
-
24.
Umezawa ES, Nascimento MS, Stolf AM, 2001. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Trypanosoma cruzi excreted–secreted antigens (TESA-ELISA) for serodiagnosis of acute and chronic Chagas' disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 39: 169–176.
-
25.
Alcolea PJ, Alonso A, Larraga V, 2011. Proteome profiling of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 58: 352–358.
-
26.
Umezawa ES, Nascimento MS, Kesper JN, Coura JR, Borges-Pereira J, Junqueira CV, Camargo ME, 1996. Immunoblot assay using excreted-secreted antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in serodiagnosis of congenital, acute, and chronic Chagas disease. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2143–2147.
-
27.
De Souza SD, Pinheiro PH, Katz S, dos Santos MR, Barbiéri CL, 2005. A recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi suitable for serodiagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 126–132.
-
28.
Caballero ZC, Sousa OE, Marques WP, Saez-Alquezar A, Umezawa ES, 2007. Evaluation of serological tests to identify Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans and determine cross-reactivity with Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania spp. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14: 1045–1049.
-
29.
Palatinik-de-Sousa CB, Dutra HS, Borojevic R, 1993. Leishmania donovani surface glycoconjugate GP36 is the major immunogen component of the fucose mannose ligand (FML). Acta Trop 53: 59–72.
-
30.
Gontijo CMF, Melo NM, 2004. Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: current status, challenges and prospects. Rev Brasil Epidemiol 7: 338–346.
-
31.
Meira CS, Vidal JE, Costa-Silva TA, Frazatti-Gallina N, Pereira-Chioccola VL, 2011. Immunodiagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid of cerebral toxoplasmosis and HIV-infected patients using Toxoplasma gondii excreted/secreted antigens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 71: 279–285.
-
32.
Paape D, Aebischer T, 2011. Contribution of Leishmania spp. to the understanding of differentiation, drug resistance mechanisms, vaccine and drug development. J Proteomics 74: 1614–1624.
-
33.
Abramo C, Fontes CJ, Krettli AU, 1995. Cross-reactivity between antibodies in the sera of individuals with leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and Chagas' disease and antigens of the blood-stage forms of Plasmodium falciparum determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 202–205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 11 | 11 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 283 | 86 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 65 | 22 | 0 |