Baird JK, 2005. Effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. N Engl J Med 352: 1565–1577.

BairdJK, 2005. Effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. N Engl J Med 352: 1565–1577.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Achan J, Tibenderana JK, Kyabayinze D, Wabwire Mangen F, Kamya MR, Dorsey G, D'Alessandro U, Rosenthal PJ, Talisuna AO, 2009. Effectiveness of quinine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: randomised trial. BMJ 339: b2763.

AchanJTibenderanaJKKyabayinzeDWabwire MangenFKamyaMRDorseyGD'AlessandroURosenthalPJTalisunaAO, 2009. Effectiveness of quinine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: randomised trial. BMJ 339: b2763.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Adam I, Ali DM, Noureldien W, Elbashir MI, 2005. Quinine for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant Sudanese women. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 99: 427–429.

AdamIAliDMNoureldienWElbashirMI, 2005. Quinine for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant Sudanese women. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 99: 427–429.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Adegnika AA, Breitling LP, Agnandji ST, Chai SK, Schutte D, Oyakhirome S, Schwarz NG, Grobusch MP, Missinou MA, Ramharter M, Issifou S, Kremsner PG, 2005. Effectiveness of quinine monotherapy for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Lambarene, Gabon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 263–266.

AdegnikaAABreitlingLPAgnandjiSTChaiSKSchutteDOyakhiromeSSchwarzNGGrobuschMPMissinouMARamharterMIssifouSKremsnerPG, 2005. Effectiveness of quinine monotherapy for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Lambarene, Gabon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 263–266.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Sabchareon A, Attanath P, 1983. Treatment of quinine resistant falciparum malaria in Thai children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 14: 357–362.

ChongsuphajaisiddhiTSabchareonAAttanathP, 1983. Treatment of quinine resistant falciparum malaria in Thai children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 14: 357–362.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

de Vries PJ, Bich NN, Van Thien H, Hung LN, Anh TK, Kager PA, Heisterkamp SH, 2000. Combinations of artemisinin and quinine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: efficacy and pharmacodynamics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1302–1308.

de VriesPJBichNNVan ThienHHungLNAnhTKKagerPAHeisterkampSH, 2000. Combinations of artemisinin and quinine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: efficacy and pharmacodynamics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 1302–1308.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

McGready R, Ashley EA, Moo E, Cho T, Barends M, Hutagalung R, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, Nosten F, 2005. A randomized comparison of artesunate-atovaquone-proguanil versus quinine in treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria during pregnancy. J Infect Dis 192: 846–853.

McGreadyRAshleyEAMooEChoTBarendsMHutagalungRLooareesuwanSWhiteNJNostenF, 2005. A randomized comparison of artesunate-atovaquone-proguanil versus quinine in treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria during pregnancy. J Infect Dis 192: 846–853.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

McGready R, Brockman A, Cho T, Cho D, van Vugt M, Luxemburger C, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, Nosten F, 2000. Randomized comparison of mefloquine-artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in pregnancy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 689–693.

McGreadyRBrockmanAChoTChoDvan VugtMLuxemburgerCChongsuphajaisiddhiTWhiteNJNostenF, 2000. Randomized comparison of mefloquine-artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in pregnancy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 689–693.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pukrittayakamee S, Chantra A, Vanijanonta S, Clemens R, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 2000. Therapeutic responses to quinine and clindamycin in multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 2395–2398.

PukrittayakameeSChantraAVanijanontaSClemensRLooareesuwanSWhiteNJ, 2000. Therapeutic responses to quinine and clindamycin in multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 2395–2398.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pukrittayakamee S, Supanaranond W, Looareesuwan S, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 1994. Quinine in severe falciparum malaria: evidence of declining efficacy in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 324–327.

PukrittayakameeSSupanaranondWLooareesuwanSVanijanontaSWhiteNJ, 1994. Quinine in severe falciparum malaria: evidence of declining efficacy in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 324–327.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rahman MR, Paul DC, Rashid M, Ghosh A, Bangali AM, Jalil MA, Faiz MA, 2001. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of alternative treatment regimens for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a multidrug-resistant falciparum area of Bangladesh–narrowing the options for the National Malaria Control Programme? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 661–667.

RahmanMRPaulDCRashidMGhoshABangaliAMJalilMAFaizMA, 2001. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of alternative treatment regimens for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a multidrug-resistant falciparum area of Bangladesh–narrowing the options for the National Malaria Control Programme? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 661–667.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

World Health Organization, 2010. Global Report on Antimalarial Efficacy and Drug Resistance: 2000–2010. Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization, 2010. Global Report on Antimalarial Efficacy and Drug Resistance: 2000–2010. Geneva: World Health Organization.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Ferdig MT, Cooper RA, Mu J, Deng B, Joy DA, Su XZ, Wellems TE, 2004. Dissecting the loci of low-level quinine resistance in malaria parasites. Mol Microbiol 52: 985–997.

FerdigMTCooperRAMuJDengBJoyDASuXZWellemsTE, 2004. Dissecting the loci of low-level quinine resistance in malaria parasites. Mol Microbiol 52: 985–997.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Andriantsoanirina V, Menard D, Rabearimanana S, Hubert V, Bouchier C, Tichit M, Bras JL, Durand R, 2010. Association of microsatellite variations of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (Pfnhe-1) gene with reduced in vitro susceptibility to quinine: lack of confirmation in clinical isolates from Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 782–787.

AndriantsoanirinaVMenardDRabearimananaSHubertVBouchierCTichitMBrasJLDurandR, 2010. Association of microsatellite variations of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (Pfnhe-1) gene with reduced in vitro susceptibility to quinine: lack of confirmation in clinical isolates from Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 782–787.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Baliraine FN, Nsobya SL, Achan J, Tibenderana JK, Talisuna AO, Greenhouse B, Rosenthal PJ, 2010. Limited ability of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt, pfmdr1, and pfnhe1 polymorphisms to predict quinine in vitro sensitivity or clinical effectiveness in Uganda. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 615–622.

BaliraineFNNsobyaSLAchanJTibenderanaJKTalisunaAOGreenhouseBRosenthalPJ, 2010. Limited ability of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt, pfmdr1, and pfnhe1 polymorphisms to predict quinine in vitro sensitivity or clinical effectiveness in Uganda. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 615–622.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Briolant S, Henry M, Oeuvray C, Amalvict R, Baret E, Didillon E, Rogier C, Pradines B, 2010. Absence of association between piperaquine in vitro responses and polymorphisms in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfmrp, and pfnhe genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3537–3544.

BriolantSHenryMOeuvrayCAmalvictRBaretEDidillonERogierCPradinesB, 2010. Absence of association between piperaquine in vitro responses and polymorphisms in the pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfmrp, and pfnhe genes in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3537–3544.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Briolant S, Pelleau S, Bogreau H, Hovette P, Zettor A, Castello J, Baret E, Amalvict R, Rogier C, Pradines B, 2011. In vitro susceptibility to quinine and microsatellite variations of the Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (Pfnhe-1) gene: the absence of association in clinical isolates from the Republic of Congo. Malar J 10: 37.

BriolantSPelleauSBogreauHHovettePZettorACastelloJBaretEAmalvictRRogierCPradinesB, 2011. In vitro susceptibility to quinine and microsatellite variations of the Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (Pfnhe-1) gene: the absence of association in clinical isolates from the Republic of Congo. Malar J 10: 37.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Henry M, Briolant S, Zettor A, Pelleau S, Baragatti M, Baret E, Mosnier J, Amalvict R, Fusai T, Rogier C, Pradines B, 2009. Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger 1 transporter is involved in reduced susceptibility to quinine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 1926–1930.

HenryMBriolantSZettorAPelleauSBaragattiMBaretEMosnierJAmalvictRFusaiTRogierCPradinesB, 2009. Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger 1 transporter is involved in reduced susceptibility to quinine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 1926–1930.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Meng H, Zhang R, Yang H, Fan Q, Su X, Miao J, Cui L, Yang Z, 2010. In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from the China-Myanmar border area to quinine and association with polymorphism in the Na+/H+ exchanger. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 4306–4313.

MengHZhangRYangHFanQSuXMiaoJCuiLYangZ, 2010. In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from the China-Myanmar border area to quinine and association with polymorphism in the Na+/H+ exchanger. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 4306–4313.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Okombo J, Kiara SM, Rono J, Mwai L, Pole L, Ohuma E, Borrmann S, Ochola LI, Nzila A, 2010. In vitro activities of quinine and other antimalarials and pfnhe polymorphisms in Plasmodium isolates from Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3302–3307.

OkomboJKiaraSMRonoJMwaiLPoleLOhumaEBorrmannSOcholaLINzilaA, 2010. In vitro activities of quinine and other antimalarials and pfnhe polymorphisms in Plasmodium isolates from Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3302–3307.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Pelleau S, Bertaux L, Briolant S, Ferdig MT, Sinou V, Pradines B, Parzy D, Jambou R, 2011. Differential association of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger polymorphism and quinine responses in field- and culture-adapted isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 5834–5841.

PelleauSBertauxLBriolantSFerdigMTSinouVPradinesBParzyDJambouR, 2011. Differential association of Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger polymorphism and quinine responses in field- and culture-adapted isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 5834–5841.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Sinou V, Quang le H, Pelleau S, Huong VN, Huong NT, Tai le M, Bertaux L, Desbordes M, Latour C, Long LQ, Thanh NX, Parzy D, 2011. Polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum Na(+)/H(+) exchanger is indicative of a low in vitro quinine susceptibility in isolates from Viet Nam. Malar J 10: 164.

SinouVQuang leHPelleauSHuongVNHuongNTTai leMBertauxLDesbordesMLatourCLongLQThanhNXParzyD, 2011. Polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum Na(+)/H(+) exchanger is indicative of a low in vitro quinine susceptibility in isolates from Viet Nam. Malar J 10: 164.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Vinayak S, Alam MT, Upadhyay M, Das MK, Dev V, Singh N, Dash AP, Sharma YD, 2007. Extensive genetic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger 1 transporter protein implicated in quinine resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 4508–4511.

VinayakSAlamMTUpadhyayMDasMKDevVSinghNDashAPSharmaYD, 2007. Extensive genetic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger 1 transporter protein implicated in quinine resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 4508–4511.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Poyomtip T, Suwandittakul N, Sitthichot N, Khositnithikul R, Tan-ariya P, Mungthin M, 2012. Polymorphisms of the pfmdr1 but not the pfnhe-1 gene is associated with in vitro quinine sensitivity in Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 11: 7.

PoyomtipTSuwandittakulNSitthichotNKhositnithikulRTan-ariyaPMungthinM, 2012. Polymorphisms of the pfmdr1 but not the pfnhe-1 gene is associated with in vitro quinine sensitivity in Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 11: 7.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Okombo J, Ohuma E, Picot S, Nzila A, 2011. Update on genetic markers of quinine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 177: 77–82.

OkomboJOhumaEPicotSNzilaA, 2011. Update on genetic markers of quinine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 177: 77–82.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Rakotonirina H, Barnadas C, Raherijafy R, Andrianantenaina H, Ratsimbasoa A, Randrianasolo L, Jahevitra M, Andriantsoanirina V, Menard D, 2008. Accuracy and reliability of malaria diagnostic techniques for guiding febrile outpatient treatment in malaria-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 217–221.

RakotonirinaHBarnadasCRaherijafyRAndrianantenainaHRatsimbasoaARandrianasoloLJahevitraMAndriantsoanirinaVMenardD, 2008. Accuracy and reliability of malaria diagnostic techniques for guiding febrile outpatient treatment in malaria-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 217–221.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Mangold KA, Manson RU, Koay ES, Stephens L, Regner M, Thomson RB Jr, Peterson LR, Kaul KL, 2005. Real-time PCR for detection and identification of Plasmodium spp. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2435–2440.

MangoldKAMansonRUKoayESStephensLRegnerMThomsonRBJrPetersonLRKaulKL, 2005. Real-time PCR for detection and identification of Plasmodium spp. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2435–2440.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Nei M, 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583–590.

NeiM, 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583–590.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

Wright S, 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19: 395–420.

WrightS, 1965. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19: 395–420.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation