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1.
Levett PN, 2007. Sequence-based typing of Leptospira: epidemiology in the genomic era. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e120.
-
2.
Ahmed N, Devi SM, Valverde M de L, Vijayachari P, Machang'u RS, Ellis WA, Hartskeerl RA, 2006. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 5: 28.
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3.
Thaipadungpanit J, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Smythe LD, Petkanchanapong W, Limpaiboon R, Apiwatanaporn A, Slack AT, Suputtamongkol Y, White NJ, Feil EJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2007. A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e56.
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4.
Agampodi SB, Peacock SJ, Thevanesam V, Nugegoda DB, Smythe L, Thaipadungpanit J, Craig SB, Burns MA, Dohnt M, Boonsilp S, Senaratne T, Kumara A, Palihawadana P, Perera S, Vinetz JM, 2011. Leptospirosis outbreak in Sri Lanka in 2008: lessons for assessing the global burden of disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 471–478.
-
5.
Drummond AJAB, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Duran C, Field M, Heled J, Kearse M, Markowitz S, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A, 2011. Geneious Pro 5.4.6. Available at: http://www.geneious.com/.
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6.
Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, Zhang YX, Xiong H, Lu G, Lu LF, Jiang HQ, Jia J, Tu YF, Jiang JX, Gu WY, Zhang YQ, Cai Z, Sheng HH, Yin HF, Zhang Y, Zhu GF, Wan M, Huang HL, Qian Z, Wang SY, Ma W, Yao ZJ, Shen Y, Qiang BQ, Xia QC, Guo XK, Danchin A, Saint Girons I, Somerville RL, Wen YM, Shi MH, Chen Z, Xu JG, Zhao GP, 2003. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature 422: 888–893.
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7.
Sehgal SC, Vijayachari P, Smythe LD, Norris M, Symonds M, Dohnt M, Korver H, v d Kemp H, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ, 2000. Lai-like Leptospira from the Andaman Islands. Indian J Med Res 112: 135–139.
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Utility and Limitations of Direct Multi-Locus Sequence Typing on qPCR-Positive Blood to Determine Infecting Leptospira Strain
Suneth B. Agampodi
Suneth B. Agampodi
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Angelo C. Moreno
Angelo C. Moreno
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Joseph M. Vinetz
Joseph M. Vinetz
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Michael A. Matthias
Michael A. Matthias
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Culture-independent molecular characterization of infecting Leptospira human blood specimens from a 2008 outbreak of human leptospirosis in central Sri Lanka was carried out. Of 58 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-positive samples analyzed for seven multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) housekeeping genes (mreA, pfkB, pntA, sucA, tpiA, fadD, and glmU), interpretable data was obtained from 12 samples. Mean bacterial load was 2.2 × 105 among specimens with complete MLST profiles compared with 1.3 × 104 among specimens without complete MLST profiles; all specimens with complete profiles had at least 4.9 × 104 Leptospira/mL (t = 5, P < 0.001). Most (11/12) identified sequence types were ST1 (L. interrogans serovar Lai) and ST44 (L. interrogans serovar Geyaweera). MLST can be used to directly identify infecting Leptospira strains in blood samples obtained during acute illness without the need for culture isolation, but it shows important limitations related to bacterial load.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Suneth B. Agampodi, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka, E-mail: sunethagampodi@yahoo.com. Angelo C. Moreno, Graduate Program in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, E-mail: angelo.moreno@duke.edu. Joseph M. Vinetz, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, E-mail: jvinetz@ucsd.edu. Michael A. Matthias, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, E-mail: mmatthias@ucsd.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Levett PN, 2007. Sequence-based typing of Leptospira: epidemiology in the genomic era. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e120.
-
2.
Ahmed N, Devi SM, Valverde M de L, Vijayachari P, Machang'u RS, Ellis WA, Hartskeerl RA, 2006. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 5: 28.
-
3.
Thaipadungpanit J, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Smythe LD, Petkanchanapong W, Limpaiboon R, Apiwatanaporn A, Slack AT, Suputtamongkol Y, White NJ, Feil EJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2007. A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e56.
-
4.
Agampodi SB, Peacock SJ, Thevanesam V, Nugegoda DB, Smythe L, Thaipadungpanit J, Craig SB, Burns MA, Dohnt M, Boonsilp S, Senaratne T, Kumara A, Palihawadana P, Perera S, Vinetz JM, 2011. Leptospirosis outbreak in Sri Lanka in 2008: lessons for assessing the global burden of disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 471–478.
-
5.
Drummond AJAB, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Duran C, Field M, Heled J, Kearse M, Markowitz S, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A, 2011. Geneious Pro 5.4.6. Available at: http://www.geneious.com/.
-
6.
Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, Zhang YX, Xiong H, Lu G, Lu LF, Jiang HQ, Jia J, Tu YF, Jiang JX, Gu WY, Zhang YQ, Cai Z, Sheng HH, Yin HF, Zhang Y, Zhu GF, Wan M, Huang HL, Qian Z, Wang SY, Ma W, Yao ZJ, Shen Y, Qiang BQ, Xia QC, Guo XK, Danchin A, Saint Girons I, Somerville RL, Wen YM, Shi MH, Chen Z, Xu JG, Zhao GP, 2003. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature 422: 888–893.
-
7.
Sehgal SC, Vijayachari P, Smythe LD, Norris M, Symonds M, Dohnt M, Korver H, v d Kemp H, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ, 2000. Lai-like Leptospira from the Andaman Islands. Indian J Med Res 112: 135–139.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 35 | 35 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 329 | 98 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 77 | 16 | 3 |