Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Markott L, 2005. Alphaviruses. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practices of Infectious Disease, 6th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone., 1913.
-
2.
Stull JW, Talbot EA, MacRae S, Montero JT, Matyas B, Cantor F, Konomi T, DeMaria A, Hayes EB, Smith TL, Nasci RS, Sejvar JJ, O'Leary DR, Campbell GL, Noga AJ, Lanciotti RS, Plotinsky RN, Schumacher S, Farnon EC, 2006. Eastern equine encephalitis – New Hampshire and Massachusetts, August–September 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55: 697–700.
-
3.
Deresiewicz RL, Thaler SJ, Hsu L, Zamani A, 1997. Clinical and Neuroradiographic manifestations for eastern equine encephalitis. N Engl J Med 336: 1867–1874.
-
4.
Przelomski MM, O'Rourke E, Grady GF, Berardi VP, Markley HG, 1988. Eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts: a report of 16 cases, 1970–1984. Neurology 38: 736–739.
-
5.
Howard JJ, Wallis RC, 1974. Infection and transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus with colonized Culiseta melanura (coquillett). Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 522–525.
-
6.
Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG, 2010. Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1869–1874.
-
7.
Day JE, Start LM, 1996. Eastern equine encephalitis transmission to emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Volusia County, Florida: 1992 through 1994. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 12: 429–436.
-
8.
Nolen-Walston R, Bedenice D, Rodriguez C, Rushton S, Bright A, Fecteau ME, Short D, Majdalany R, Tewari D, Pedersen D, Kiupel M, Maes R, Del Piero F, 2007. Eastern equine encephalitis in 9 South American camelids. Vet Intern Med 21: 846–852.
-
9.
Morris CD, 1988. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1–20.
-
10.
Calisher CH, 1994. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 7: 89–116.
-
11.
Gibney KB, Robinson S, Mutebi JP, Hoenig DE, Bernier BJ, Webber L, Lubelczyk C, Nett RJ, Fischer M, 2011. Eastern equine encephalitis: an emerging arboviral disease threat, Maine, 2009. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 637–639.
-
12.
Chénier S, Côté G, Vanderstock J, Macieira S, Laperle A, Hélie P, 2010. An eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) outbreak in Quebec in the fall of 2008. Can Vet J 51: 1011–1015.
-
13.
Young DS, Kramer LD, Maffei JG, Dusek RJ, Backenson PB, Mores CH, Bernard KA, Ebel GD, 2008. Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus, New York. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 454–460.
-
14.
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2008. Summary of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Cases in the United States. 2009 March 13. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ee/. Accessed February 29, 2012.
-
15.
Sorenson E, Popp R, Lew-Smith M, Engstrom B, Lapin M, Ferguson M, 2004. Hardwood Swamps of Vermont: Distribution, Ecology, Classification, and Some Sites of Ecological Significance for Nongame and Natural Heritage Program. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Agency of Natural Resources. Waterbury, (VT). Available at: http://www.vtfishandwildlife.com/library/reports_and_documents/nongame_and_Natural_Heritage/Natural_Communities/Hardwood%20Swamps%20of%20Vermont.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
16.
Vermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets, 2011. Annual Reports on Mosquito Testing and Trapping Waterbury (VT). Available at: http://www.vermontagriculture.com/ARMES/plantindustry/entomology/mosquito/MosquitoReports.html. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
17.
Mutebi JP, Lubelczyk C, Eisen R, Panella N, MacMillan K, Godsey M, Swope B, Young G, Smith RP, Kantar L, Robinson S, Sears S, 2011. Using wild white-tailed deer to detect eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in Maine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 1403–1409.
-
18.
Tate CM, Howerth EW, Stallknecht DE, Allison AB, Fischer JR, Mead DG, 2005. Eastern equine encephalitis in a free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 41: 241–245.
-
19.
Schmitt SM, Cooley TM, Fitzgerald SD, Bolin SR, Lim A, Schaefer SM, Kiupel M, Maes RK, Hogle SA, O'Brien DJ, 2007. An outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis virus in free-ranging white-tailed deer in Michigan. J Wildl Dis 43: 635–644.
-
20.
Hoff GL, Trainer DO, Richards SH, 1973. Arbovirus serology in North Dakota mule and white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 9: 291–295.
-
21.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Diuk-Wasser M, 2008. Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, USA: molecular analysis of bloodmeals form 23 species of Aedes, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaeni. J Med Entomol 45: 1143–1151.
-
22.
DeNicola AJ, VerCauteren KC, Curtis PD, Hygnstrom SE, 2000. Managing White-Tailed Deer in Suburban Environments. A Technical Guide. A Publication of the Cornell Cooperative Extension, the Wildlife Society-Wildlife Management Working Group, and Northeastern Wildlife Damage Research and Outreach Cooperative. New York. Available at: http://wildlifecontrol.info/pubs/Documents/Deer/Deer_management_mechs.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
23.
Hohman EL, 2006. Ecology and Management of the White-Tailed Deer. Ottawa County Parks and Recreation Commission. West Olive (MI). Available at: http://grandhaven.org/uploads/pdf_documents/deer_management/management_information/Mgmt%20of%20White%20Tail.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2012.
-
24.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections, 7th Ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 169–188.
-
25.
Wang E, Petrakova O, Adams AP, Aguilar P, Kang W, Paessler S, Volk SM, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2007. Chimeric sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice. Vaccine 25: 7573–7581.
-
26.
American Association of Equine Practitioners, 2008. Eastern/Western Equine Encephalomyelitis. Lexington, KY. Available at: http://www.aaep.org/eee_wee.htm. Accessed February 17, 2012.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 13 | 13 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 86 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 18 | 1 |
Serological Evidence for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Vermont, 2010
Erica Berl
Erica Berl
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Erica Berl in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Erica Berl in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Rebecca J. Eisen
Rebecca J. Eisen
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Rebecca J. Eisen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rebecca J. Eisen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Katherine MacMillan
Katherine MacMillan
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Katherine MacMillan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Katherine MacMillan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Bethany N. Swope
Bethany N. Swope
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Bethany N. Swope in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bethany N. Swope in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Kali D. Saxton-Shaw
Kali D. Saxton-Shaw
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Kali D. Saxton-Shaw in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kali D. Saxton-Shaw in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alan C. Graham
Alan C. Graham
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Alan C. Graham in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alan C. Graham in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jon P. Turmel
Jon P. Turmel
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by Jon P. Turmel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jon P. Turmel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
John-Paul Mutebi
John-Paul Mutebi
Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, Vermont
Search for other papers by John-Paul Mutebi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by John-Paul Mutebi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Serum samples from 489 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were screened for antibodies against the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). EEEV antibodies were detected in 10.2% of serum samples. This is the first evidence that EEEV is present in Vermont. Serum was collected from deer in all 14 counties in the state, and positive EEEV sera were found in 12 (85%) of 14 counties, suggesting statewide EEEV activity in Vermont. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PRNT-positive samples revealed a random distribution of EEEV throughout the state. The results indicate widespread EEEV activity in Vermont and suggest that EEEV is not a recent introduction to the state but that EEEV activity has not been detected until now.
Author Notes
Financial support: The work done in this study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Vermont Department of Health, and the Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Farm and Markets.
Authors' addresses: Erica Berl, Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, E-mail: Erica.berl@state.vt.us. Rebecca J. Eisen, Katherine MacMillan, and John-Paul Mutebi, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: dyn2@cdc.gov, iky4@cdc.gov, and jmutebi@cdc.gov. Bethany N. Swope, Inviragen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: bethany.swope+CDC@gmail.com. Kali D. Saxton-Shaw, Entomology Ecology Activity, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: KSaxtonShaw@cdc.gov. Alan C. Graham and Jon P. Turmel, Vermont Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets, Waterbury, VT, E-mails: Alan.graham@state.vt.us and Jon.turmel@state.vt.us.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Markott L, 2005. Alphaviruses. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practices of Infectious Disease, 6th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone., 1913.
-
2.
Stull JW, Talbot EA, MacRae S, Montero JT, Matyas B, Cantor F, Konomi T, DeMaria A, Hayes EB, Smith TL, Nasci RS, Sejvar JJ, O'Leary DR, Campbell GL, Noga AJ, Lanciotti RS, Plotinsky RN, Schumacher S, Farnon EC, 2006. Eastern equine encephalitis – New Hampshire and Massachusetts, August–September 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55: 697–700.
-
3.
Deresiewicz RL, Thaler SJ, Hsu L, Zamani A, 1997. Clinical and Neuroradiographic manifestations for eastern equine encephalitis. N Engl J Med 336: 1867–1874.
-
4.
Przelomski MM, O'Rourke E, Grady GF, Berardi VP, Markley HG, 1988. Eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts: a report of 16 cases, 1970–1984. Neurology 38: 736–739.
-
5.
Howard JJ, Wallis RC, 1974. Infection and transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus with colonized Culiseta melanura (coquillett). Am J Trop Med Hyg 23: 522–525.
-
6.
Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG, 2010. Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1869–1874.
-
7.
Day JE, Start LM, 1996. Eastern equine encephalitis transmission to emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Volusia County, Florida: 1992 through 1994. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 12: 429–436.
-
8.
Nolen-Walston R, Bedenice D, Rodriguez C, Rushton S, Bright A, Fecteau ME, Short D, Majdalany R, Tewari D, Pedersen D, Kiupel M, Maes R, Del Piero F, 2007. Eastern equine encephalitis in 9 South American camelids. Vet Intern Med 21: 846–852.
-
9.
Morris CD, 1988. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1–20.
-
10.
Calisher CH, 1994. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 7: 89–116.
-
11.
Gibney KB, Robinson S, Mutebi JP, Hoenig DE, Bernier BJ, Webber L, Lubelczyk C, Nett RJ, Fischer M, 2011. Eastern equine encephalitis: an emerging arboviral disease threat, Maine, 2009. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 637–639.
-
12.
Chénier S, Côté G, Vanderstock J, Macieira S, Laperle A, Hélie P, 2010. An eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) outbreak in Quebec in the fall of 2008. Can Vet J 51: 1011–1015.
-
13.
Young DS, Kramer LD, Maffei JG, Dusek RJ, Backenson PB, Mores CH, Bernard KA, Ebel GD, 2008. Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus, New York. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 454–460.
-
14.
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 2008. Summary of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Cases in the United States. 2009 March 13. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ee/. Accessed February 29, 2012.
-
15.
Sorenson E, Popp R, Lew-Smith M, Engstrom B, Lapin M, Ferguson M, 2004. Hardwood Swamps of Vermont: Distribution, Ecology, Classification, and Some Sites of Ecological Significance for Nongame and Natural Heritage Program. Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Agency of Natural Resources. Waterbury, (VT). Available at: http://www.vtfishandwildlife.com/library/reports_and_documents/nongame_and_Natural_Heritage/Natural_Communities/Hardwood%20Swamps%20of%20Vermont.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
16.
Vermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets, 2011. Annual Reports on Mosquito Testing and Trapping Waterbury (VT). Available at: http://www.vermontagriculture.com/ARMES/plantindustry/entomology/mosquito/MosquitoReports.html. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
17.
Mutebi JP, Lubelczyk C, Eisen R, Panella N, MacMillan K, Godsey M, Swope B, Young G, Smith RP, Kantar L, Robinson S, Sears S, 2011. Using wild white-tailed deer to detect eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in Maine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 1403–1409.
-
18.
Tate CM, Howerth EW, Stallknecht DE, Allison AB, Fischer JR, Mead DG, 2005. Eastern equine encephalitis in a free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 41: 241–245.
-
19.
Schmitt SM, Cooley TM, Fitzgerald SD, Bolin SR, Lim A, Schaefer SM, Kiupel M, Maes RK, Hogle SA, O'Brien DJ, 2007. An outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis virus in free-ranging white-tailed deer in Michigan. J Wildl Dis 43: 635–644.
-
20.
Hoff GL, Trainer DO, Richards SH, 1973. Arbovirus serology in North Dakota mule and white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 9: 291–295.
-
21.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Diuk-Wasser M, 2008. Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, USA: molecular analysis of bloodmeals form 23 species of Aedes, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaeni. J Med Entomol 45: 1143–1151.
-
22.
DeNicola AJ, VerCauteren KC, Curtis PD, Hygnstrom SE, 2000. Managing White-Tailed Deer in Suburban Environments. A Technical Guide. A Publication of the Cornell Cooperative Extension, the Wildlife Society-Wildlife Management Working Group, and Northeastern Wildlife Damage Research and Outreach Cooperative. New York. Available at: http://wildlifecontrol.info/pubs/Documents/Deer/Deer_management_mechs.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2011.
-
23.
Hohman EL, 2006. Ecology and Management of the White-Tailed Deer. Ottawa County Parks and Recreation Commission. West Olive (MI). Available at: http://grandhaven.org/uploads/pdf_documents/deer_management/management_information/Mgmt%20of%20White%20Tail.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2012.
-
24.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections, 7th Ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 169–188.
-
25.
Wang E, Petrakova O, Adams AP, Aguilar P, Kang W, Paessler S, Volk SM, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2007. Chimeric sindbis/eastern equine encephalitis vaccine candidates are highly attenuated and immunogenic in mice. Vaccine 25: 7573–7581.
-
26.
American Association of Equine Practitioners, 2008. Eastern/Western Equine Encephalomyelitis. Lexington, KY. Available at: http://www.aaep.org/eee_wee.htm. Accessed February 17, 2012.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 13 | 13 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 86 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 45 | 18 | 1 |