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Gnathostomiasis is now recognized as a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. In the Americas, it is caused by the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma binucleatum and in Asia mainly by G. spinigerum. The availability and preparation of specific antigens are among the main obstacles for developing reliable immunodiagnostic tests. In this study, six immunodominant peptides were identified and characterized from G. binucleatum, somatic antigens (AgS: 24, 32, and 40 kDa) and excretory-secretory antigens (AgES: 42, 44, and 56 kDa) by two-dimensional immunoblot analysis. Among those immunodominant peptides, two AgS spots were characterized by mass spectrometric analysis (32 kDa; pI 6.3 and 6.5) and identified as type 1 galectins. In accordance with this finding, a fraction of AgS exhibited affinity to lactose and displayed a 100% specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis.
Financial support: This study was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CO1-48161) and the Programa de Fomento y Apoyo a la Investigación de la Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa (PROFAPI-UAS, 2007/171).
Authors' addresses: Samuel Campista-León, Francisco Delgado-Vargas, Héctor Samuel López-Moreno, Julian Ríos-Sicairos, Ángel Noel Bojórquez-Contreras, and Sylvia Páz Díaz-Camacho, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México, E-mails: calsa68@hotmail.com, fdelgado@uas.edu.mx, hsamlo@uas.edu.mx, julianriossicairos@gmail.com, angelnbc@uas.edu.mx, and spdiazc@uas.edu.mx. Abraham Landa, Kaethe Willms, and Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City D.F., México, E-mails: landap@servidor.unam.mx, kaethe@servidor.unam.mx, and menher@servidor.unam.mx.