ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61– 81.
-
2.
Mattingly PF, 1967. The systematics of the Culex pipiens complex. Bull World Health Organ 37: 257– 261.
-
3.
Knight KL, 1978. Supplement to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera: Culicidae). Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America.
-
4.
Barr AR, 1957. The distribution of Culex p. pipiens and Culex p. quinquefasciatus in North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 6: 153– 165.
-
5.
Farajollahi A, Fonseca DM, Kramer LD, Marm Kilpatrick A, 2011. “Bird biting” mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology. Infect Genet Evol 11: 1577– 1585.
-
6.
Fonseca DM, Smith JL, Wilkerson RC, Fleischer RC, 2006. Pathways of expansion and multiple introductions illustrated by large genetic differentiation among worldwide populations of the southern house mosquito. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 284– 289.
-
7.
Lounibos LP, 2002. Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annu Rev Entomol 47: 233– 266.
-
8.
Cornel AJ, Mcabee RD, Rasgon J, Stanich MA, Scott TW, Coetzee M, 2003. Differences in extent of genetic introgression between sympatric Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in California and South Africa. J Med Entomol 40: 36– 51.
-
9.
Fonseca DM, Keyghobadi N, Malcolm CA, Mehmet C, Schaffner F, Mogi M, Fleischer RC, Wilkerson RC, 2004. Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303: 1535– 1538.
-
10.
Fonseca DM, Smith JL, Kim HC, Mogi M, 2009. Population genetics of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens reveals sex-linked asymmetric introgression by Culex quinquefasciatus. Infect Genet Evol 9: 1197– 1203.
-
11.
Kothera L, Zimmerman EM, Richards CM, Savage HM, 2009. Microsatellite characterization of subspecies and their hybrids in Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes along a north-south transect in the central United States. J Med Entomol 46: 236– 248.
-
12.
Urbanelli S, Silvestrini F, Reisen WK, De Vito E, Bullini L, 1997. Californian hybrid zone between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus revisited (Diptera:Culicidae). J Med Entomol 34: 116– 127.
-
13.
Urbanelli S, Silvestrini F, Sabatinelli G, Raveloarifera F, Petrarca V, Bullini L, 1995. Characterization of the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Madagascar. J Med Entomol 32: 778– 786.
-
14.
Raymond M, Callaghan A, Fort P, Pasteur N, 1991. Worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes. Nature 350: 151– 153.
-
15.
Bataille A, Cunningham AA, Cedeno V, Cruz M, Eastwood G, Fonseca DM, Causton CE, Azuero R, Loayza J, Martinez JD, Goodman SJ, 2009. Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Galapagos Islands. Proc Biol Sci 276: 3769– 3775.
-
16.
Harbach RE, Dahl C, White GB, 1985. Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae): concepts, type designations, and description. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 1– 24.
-
17.
Gad AM, Farid HA, Ramzy RR, Riad MB, Presley SM, Cope SE, Hassan MM, Hassan AN, 1999. Host feeding of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with the recurrence of Rift Valley fever in Egypt. J Med Entomol 36: 709– 714.
-
18.
Harbach RE, Harrison BA, Gad AM, 1984. Culex (Culex) molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation, description, variation, and taxonomic status. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 86: 521– 542.
-
19.
Gomes B, Sousa CA, Novo MT, Freitas FB, Alves R, Corte-Real AR, Salgueiro P, Donnelly MJ, Almeida AP, Pinto J, 2009. Asymmetric introgression between sympatric molestus and pipiens forms of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Comporta region, Portugal. BMC Evol Biol 9: 262.
-
20.
Bahnck CM, Fonseca DM, 2006. Rapid assay to identify the two genetic forms of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and hybrid populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 251– 255.
-
21.
Huang S, Molaei G, Andreadis TG, 2008. Genetic insights into the population structure of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in the northeastern United States by using microsatellite analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 518– 527.
-
22.
Spielman A, 1971. Studies on autogeny in natural populations of Culex pipiens. II. Seasonal abundance of autogenous and anautogenous populations. J Med Entomol 8: 555– 561.
-
23.
Spielman A, 1971. Bionomics of autogenous mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol 16: 231– 248.
-
24.
Gad AM, Abdel Kader M, Farid HA, Hassan AN, 1995. Absence of mating barriers between autogenous and anautogenous Culex pipiens L. in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 25: 63– 71.
-
25.
Oda T, Fujita K, 1986. A short review of the ecology of Culex pipiens molestus in Japan: oviposition activity in open water. Tropical Medicine 28: 73– 78.
-
26.
Dobrotworsky NV, 1967. The problem of the Culex pipiens complex in the South Pacific (including Australia). Bull World Health Organ 37: 251– 255.
-
27.
Kassim NF, Webb CE, Russell RC, 2011. Culex molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia: colonization, stenogamy, autogeny, oviposition and larval development. Aust J Entomol 51: 67– 77.
-
28.
Iltis WG, 1966. Biosystematics of the Culex pipiens Complex in Northern California. Davis, CA: University of California.
-
29.
Konrad SK, Miller SN, Reeves WK, Tietze NS, 2009. Spatially explicit West Nile virus risk modeling in Santa Clara County, California. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 267– 274.
-
30.
Cummings RF, 1992. Design and use of a modified Reiter gravid mosquito trap for mosquito-borne encephalitis surveillance in Los Angeles County, California. Proceedings of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association 60: 170– 176.
-
31.
Jakob WL, Francy DB, 1984. Observations on the DV/D ratio of male genitalia of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in the United States. Mosq Syst 16: 282– 288.
-
32.
Service MW, 1976. Mosquito Ecology Field Sampling Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
-
33.
Pruess KP, 1983. Day-degree methods for pest management. Environ Entomol 12: 613– 619.
-
34.
WHO, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II: Methods and Techniques. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
35.
Mitchell CJ, Briegel H, 1989. Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival. J Med Entomol 26: 318– 326.
-
36.
Reisen WK, Thiemann T, Barker CM, Lu H, Carroll B, Fang Y, Lothrop HD, 2010. Effects of warm winter temperature on the abundance and gonotrophic activity of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J Med Entomol 47: 230– 237.
-
37.
Mitchell CJ, Briegel H, 1989. Fate of the blood meal in force-fed, diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 26: 332– 341.
-
38.
Smith JL, Fonseca DM, 2004. Rapid assays for identification of members of the Culex (Culex) pipiens complex, their hybrids, and other sibling species (Diptera: Culicidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 339– 345.
-
39.
Fonseca DM, Atkinson CT, Fleischer RC, 1998. Microsatellite primers for Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, the vector of avian malaria in Hawaii. Mol Ecol 7: 1617– 1619.
-
40.
Keyghobadi N, Matrone MA, Ebel GD, Kramer LD, Fonseca DM, 2004. Microsatellite loci from the northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens), a principal vector of West Nile virus in North America. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 20– 22.
-
41.
Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P, 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945– 959.
-
42.
Pritchard JK, Donnelly P, 2001. Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations. Theor Popul Biol 60: 227– 237.
-
43.
Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, Feldman MW, 2002. Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298: 2381– 2385.
-
44.
Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J, 2005. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14: 2611– 2620.
-
45.
Huang S, Hamer GL, Molaei G, Walker ED, Goldberg TL, Kitron UD, Andreadis TG, 2009. Genetic variation associated with mammalian feeding in Culex pipiens from a West Nile virus epidemic region in Chicago, Illinois. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 637– 642.
-
46.
Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Daszak P, Fonseca DM, 2007. Genetic influences on mosquito feeding behavior and the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 667– 671.
-
47.
Mead SS, Conner GE, 1987. Temperature-related growth and mortality rates of four mosquito species. In: Proc Pap 55th Annu Conf Calif Mosq Vector Control Assoc, 133– 137.
-
48.
Rueda LM, Patel KJ, Axtell RC, Stinner RE, 1990. Temperature-dependent development and survival rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 27: 892– 898.
-
49.
Madder DJ, Surgeoner GA, Helson BV, 1983. Number of generations, egg production, and developmental time of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Ontario. J Med Entomol 20: 275– 287.
-
50.
Mitchell CJ, 1983. Differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and observations on gonotrophic dissociation. J Med Entomol 20: 157– 163.
-
51.
Strickman D, 1988. Rate of oviposition by Culex quinquefasciatus in San Antonio, Texas, during three years. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 4: 339– 344.
-
52.
Strickman D, Lang JT, 1986. Activity of Culex quinquefasciatus in an underground storm drain in San Antonio, Texas. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 379– 381.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 918 | 701 | 47 |
| Full Text Views | 294 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 94 | 5 | 0 |
Autogeny in Culex pipiens Complex Mosquitoes from the San Francisco Bay Area
Daniel Strickman
Daniel Strickman
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Dina M. Fonseca
Dina M. Fonseca
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland; Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Search for other papers by Dina M. Fonseca in
Current site
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Current site
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PubMed
We surveyed the genetic ancestry and recorded the occurrence of autogeny, the developmental times, and survival rates in families of Culex pipiens in Santa Clara County, CA, at 37°N latitude. Females in 95% of the families produced fertile egg rafts without access to blood (= autogeny) after mating in stenogamous conditions. Developmental time, survival, and egg raft production were closely correlated to temperature. Male DV/D ratios overwhelmingly matched Cx. pipiens but a microsatellite analysis revealed these were Cx. pipiens form molestus hybridized with Culex quinquefasciatus and to a lesser extent to Cx. pipiens form pipiens, a genetic mix heretofore not recorded elsewhere. Greater DV/D ratios and larger proportions of genetic ancestry from Cx. quinquefasciatus were negatively correlated to autogeny. The combination of multiple overwintering strategies and widespread autogeny in females arising from aboveground larval sites supports the hypothesis that some North American populations of Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes express unusual phenologies.
Author Notes
Financial support: NIH R01GM063258, CDC/NIH#U50/CCU220532, and Rutgers University startup funds to DMF.
Disclosure: This is a NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Publication number D-08-08194-02-12.
Authors' addresses: Daniel Strickman, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Office of National Programs, Beltsville, MD, E-mail: Daniel.Strickman@ars.usda.gov. Dina M. Fonseca, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, E-mail: dinafons@rci.rutgers.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61– 81.
-
2.
Mattingly PF, 1967. The systematics of the Culex pipiens complex. Bull World Health Organ 37: 257– 261.
-
3.
Knight KL, 1978. Supplement to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera: Culicidae). Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America.
-
4.
Barr AR, 1957. The distribution of Culex p. pipiens and Culex p. quinquefasciatus in North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 6: 153– 165.
-
5.
Farajollahi A, Fonseca DM, Kramer LD, Marm Kilpatrick A, 2011. “Bird biting” mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology. Infect Genet Evol 11: 1577– 1585.
-
6.
Fonseca DM, Smith JL, Wilkerson RC, Fleischer RC, 2006. Pathways of expansion and multiple introductions illustrated by large genetic differentiation among worldwide populations of the southern house mosquito. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 284– 289.
-
7.
Lounibos LP, 2002. Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annu Rev Entomol 47: 233– 266.
-
8.
Cornel AJ, Mcabee RD, Rasgon J, Stanich MA, Scott TW, Coetzee M, 2003. Differences in extent of genetic introgression between sympatric Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in California and South Africa. J Med Entomol 40: 36– 51.
-
9.
Fonseca DM, Keyghobadi N, Malcolm CA, Mehmet C, Schaffner F, Mogi M, Fleischer RC, Wilkerson RC, 2004. Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303: 1535– 1538.
-
10.
Fonseca DM, Smith JL, Kim HC, Mogi M, 2009. Population genetics of the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens reveals sex-linked asymmetric introgression by Culex quinquefasciatus. Infect Genet Evol 9: 1197– 1203.
-
11.
Kothera L, Zimmerman EM, Richards CM, Savage HM, 2009. Microsatellite characterization of subspecies and their hybrids in Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes along a north-south transect in the central United States. J Med Entomol 46: 236– 248.
-
12.
Urbanelli S, Silvestrini F, Reisen WK, De Vito E, Bullini L, 1997. Californian hybrid zone between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus revisited (Diptera:Culicidae). J Med Entomol 34: 116– 127.
-
13.
Urbanelli S, Silvestrini F, Sabatinelli G, Raveloarifera F, Petrarca V, Bullini L, 1995. Characterization of the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Madagascar. J Med Entomol 32: 778– 786.
-
14.
Raymond M, Callaghan A, Fort P, Pasteur N, 1991. Worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitoes. Nature 350: 151– 153.
-
15.
Bataille A, Cunningham AA, Cedeno V, Cruz M, Eastwood G, Fonseca DM, Causton CE, Azuero R, Loayza J, Martinez JD, Goodman SJ, 2009. Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Galapagos Islands. Proc Biol Sci 276: 3769– 3775.
-
16.
Harbach RE, Dahl C, White GB, 1985. Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae): concepts, type designations, and description. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 1– 24.
-
17.
Gad AM, Farid HA, Ramzy RR, Riad MB, Presley SM, Cope SE, Hassan MM, Hassan AN, 1999. Host feeding of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with the recurrence of Rift Valley fever in Egypt. J Med Entomol 36: 709– 714.
-
18.
Harbach RE, Harrison BA, Gad AM, 1984. Culex (Culex) molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation, description, variation, and taxonomic status. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 86: 521– 542.
-
19.
Gomes B, Sousa CA, Novo MT, Freitas FB, Alves R, Corte-Real AR, Salgueiro P, Donnelly MJ, Almeida AP, Pinto J, 2009. Asymmetric introgression between sympatric molestus and pipiens forms of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Comporta region, Portugal. BMC Evol Biol 9: 262.
-
20.
Bahnck CM, Fonseca DM, 2006. Rapid assay to identify the two genetic forms of Culex (Culex) pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and hybrid populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 251– 255.
-
21.
Huang S, Molaei G, Andreadis TG, 2008. Genetic insights into the population structure of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in the northeastern United States by using microsatellite analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 518– 527.
-
22.
Spielman A, 1971. Studies on autogeny in natural populations of Culex pipiens. II. Seasonal abundance of autogenous and anautogenous populations. J Med Entomol 8: 555– 561.
-
23.
Spielman A, 1971. Bionomics of autogenous mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol 16: 231– 248.
-
24.
Gad AM, Abdel Kader M, Farid HA, Hassan AN, 1995. Absence of mating barriers between autogenous and anautogenous Culex pipiens L. in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 25: 63– 71.
-
25.
Oda T, Fujita K, 1986. A short review of the ecology of Culex pipiens molestus in Japan: oviposition activity in open water. Tropical Medicine 28: 73– 78.
-
26.
Dobrotworsky NV, 1967. The problem of the Culex pipiens complex in the South Pacific (including Australia). Bull World Health Organ 37: 251– 255.
-
27.
Kassim NF, Webb CE, Russell RC, 2011. Culex molestus Forskal (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia: colonization, stenogamy, autogeny, oviposition and larval development. Aust J Entomol 51: 67– 77.
-
28.
Iltis WG, 1966. Biosystematics of the Culex pipiens Complex in Northern California. Davis, CA: University of California.
-
29.
Konrad SK, Miller SN, Reeves WK, Tietze NS, 2009. Spatially explicit West Nile virus risk modeling in Santa Clara County, California. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 267– 274.
-
30.
Cummings RF, 1992. Design and use of a modified Reiter gravid mosquito trap for mosquito-borne encephalitis surveillance in Los Angeles County, California. Proceedings of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association 60: 170– 176.
-
31.
Jakob WL, Francy DB, 1984. Observations on the DV/D ratio of male genitalia of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in the United States. Mosq Syst 16: 282– 288.
-
32.
Service MW, 1976. Mosquito Ecology Field Sampling Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
-
33.
Pruess KP, 1983. Day-degree methods for pest management. Environ Entomol 12: 613– 619.
-
34.
WHO, 1975. Manual on Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II: Methods and Techniques. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
35.
Mitchell CJ, Briegel H, 1989. Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival. J Med Entomol 26: 318– 326.
-
36.
Reisen WK, Thiemann T, Barker CM, Lu H, Carroll B, Fang Y, Lothrop HD, 2010. Effects of warm winter temperature on the abundance and gonotrophic activity of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J Med Entomol 47: 230– 237.
-
37.
Mitchell CJ, Briegel H, 1989. Fate of the blood meal in force-fed, diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 26: 332– 341.
-
38.
Smith JL, Fonseca DM, 2004. Rapid assays for identification of members of the Culex (Culex) pipiens complex, their hybrids, and other sibling species (Diptera: Culicidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 339– 345.
-
39.
Fonseca DM, Atkinson CT, Fleischer RC, 1998. Microsatellite primers for Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, the vector of avian malaria in Hawaii. Mol Ecol 7: 1617– 1619.
-
40.
Keyghobadi N, Matrone MA, Ebel GD, Kramer LD, Fonseca DM, 2004. Microsatellite loci from the northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens), a principal vector of West Nile virus in North America. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 20– 22.
-
41.
Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P, 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945– 959.
-
42.
Pritchard JK, Donnelly P, 2001. Case-control studies of association in structured or admixed populations. Theor Popul Biol 60: 227– 237.
-
43.
Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, Cann HM, Kidd KK, Zhivotovsky LA, Feldman MW, 2002. Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298: 2381– 2385.
-
44.
Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J, 2005. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14: 2611– 2620.
-
45.
Huang S, Hamer GL, Molaei G, Walker ED, Goldberg TL, Kitron UD, Andreadis TG, 2009. Genetic variation associated with mammalian feeding in Culex pipiens from a West Nile virus epidemic region in Chicago, Illinois. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 637– 642.
-
46.
Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Jones MJ, Marra PP, Daszak P, Fonseca DM, 2007. Genetic influences on mosquito feeding behavior and the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 667– 671.
-
47.
Mead SS, Conner GE, 1987. Temperature-related growth and mortality rates of four mosquito species. In: Proc Pap 55th Annu Conf Calif Mosq Vector Control Assoc, 133– 137.
-
48.
Rueda LM, Patel KJ, Axtell RC, Stinner RE, 1990. Temperature-dependent development and survival rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 27: 892– 898.
-
49.
Madder DJ, Surgeoner GA, Helson BV, 1983. Number of generations, egg production, and developmental time of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Ontario. J Med Entomol 20: 275– 287.
-
50.
Mitchell CJ, 1983. Differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and observations on gonotrophic dissociation. J Med Entomol 20: 157– 163.
-
51.
Strickman D, 1988. Rate of oviposition by Culex quinquefasciatus in San Antonio, Texas, during three years. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 4: 339– 344.
-
52.
Strickman D, Lang JT, 1986. Activity of Culex quinquefasciatus in an underground storm drain in San Antonio, Texas. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 379– 381.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 918 | 701 | 47 |
| Full Text Views | 294 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 94 | 5 | 0 |