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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL, 2007. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri and Sappinia diploidea. FEMS Immunol Med 50: 1– 26.
-
2.
Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS, 2004. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitol 34: 1001– 1027.
-
3.
Abramowicz M 2007. Drugs for parasitic infections. Treat Guidel Med Lett 5 (Suppl): e1– e15.
-
4.
Singhal T, Bajpai A, Kalra V, Kabra SK, Samantaray JC, Satpathy G, Gupta AK, 2001. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba meningitis with combination oral antimicrobials. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20: 623– 627.
-
5.
Gupta D, Bakhshi S, Panda GS, 2008. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis during induction therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 50: 1292– 1293.
-
6.
Saxena A, Mittal S, Burnam P, Garg P, 2009. Acanthamoeba meningitis with successful outcome. Indian J Pediatr 76: 1063– 1064.
-
7.
Ofori-Kwakye SK, Sidebottom DG, Herbert J, Fischer EG, Visvesvara GS, 1986. Granulomatous brain tumor caused by Acanthamoeba. J Neurosurg 64: 505– 509.
-
8.
Martinez MS, Gonzalez-Mediero G, Santiago P, Rodriguez de Lope A, Diz J, Conde C, Visvesvara GS, 2000. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient with AIDS: isolation of Acanthamoeba sp. group II from brain tissue and successful treatment with sulfadiazine and fluconazole. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3892– 3895.
-
9.
Fung KT, Dhillon AP, McLaughlin JE, Lucas SB, Davidson B, Rolles K, Patch D, Burroughs AK, 2008. Cure of Acanthamoeba cerebral abscess in a liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl 14: 308– 312.
-
10.
Aichelburg A, Walochnik J, Assadian O, Prosch H, Steuer A, Perneczky G, Visvesvara GS, Aspöck H, Vetter N, 2008. Successful treatment of disseminated Acanthamoeba sp. infection with miltefosine. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1743– 1746.
-
11.
Siddiqui R, Khan NA, 2012. Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba. Available at: http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/6. Accessed May 16, 2012.
-
12.
Walochnik J, Aichelburg A, Assadian O, Steuer A, Visvesvara G, Vetter N, Aspöck H, 2008. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba amoebae of genotype T2 in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient. J Clin Microbiol 46: 338– 340.
-
13.
Pan NR, Ghosh TN, 1971. Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis in two Indian children. J Indian Med Assoc 56: 134– 137.
-
14.
Lalitha MK, Anandi V, Srivastava A, Thomas K, Cherian AM, Chandi SM, 1985. Isolation of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni from a patient with meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 21: 666– 667.
-
15.
Karande SC, Lahiri KR, Sheth SS, Nadkarni US, Jain MK, Shah MD, 1991. Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis complicating pyogenic meningitis. Indian Pediatr 28: 794– 797.
-
16.
Sharma PP, Gupta P, Murali MV, Ramachandran VG, 1993. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba: successfully treated with cotrimoxazole. Indian Pediatr 30: 1219– 1222.
-
17.
Petry F, Torzewski M, Bohl J, Wilhelm-Schwenkmezger T, Scheid P, Walochnik J, Michel R, Zoller L, Werhahn KJ, Bhakdi S, Lackner KJ, 2006. Early diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection during routine cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1903– 1904.
-
18.
Sheng WH, Hung CC, Huang HH, Liang SY, Cheng YJ, Ji DD, Chang SC, 2009. First case of granulomatous aebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 277– 279.
-
19.
Lackner P, Beer R, Broessner G, Helbok R, Pfausler B, Brenneis C, Auer H, Walochnik J, Schmutzhard E, 2010. Acute granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient. Neurocrit Care 12: 91– 94.
-
20.
Maritschnegg P, Sovinz P, Lackner H, Benesch M, Nebl A, Schwinger W, Walochnik J, Urban C, 2011. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia successfully treated with multimodal antimicrobial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. J Clin Microbiol 49: 446– 448.
-
21.
Schuster F, Yagi S, Gavali S, Michelson D, Raghaven R, Blomquist I, Glastonbury C, Bollen AW, Scharnhorst D, Reed SL, Kuriyama S, Visvesvara GV, Glaser CA, 2009. Under the radar: Balamuthia amebic encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis 48: 879– 887.
-
22.
Schuster FL, Guglielmo BJ, Visvesvara GS, 2006. In vitro activity of miltefosine and voriconazole on clinical isolates of free-living amebas: Balamuthia mandrillaris, Acanthamoeba spp., and Naegleria fowleri. J Eukaryot Microbiol 53: 121– 126.
-
23.
Walochnik J, Duchêne M, Seifert K, Obwaller A, Hottkowitz T, Wiedermann G, Eibl H, Aspöck H, 2002. Cytotoxic activities of alkylphosphocholines against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46: 695– 701.
-
24.
Walia R, Montoya JG, Visvesvera GS, Booton GC, Doyle RL, 2007. A case of successful treatment of cutaneous Acanthamoeba infection in a lung transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 9: 51– 54.
-
25.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739– 1746.
-
26.
Murray HW, 2012. Leishmaniasis in the United States: treatment in 2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 434– 440.
-
27.
Kesson A, Bellemore M, O'Mara T, Ellis D, Sorrell T, 2009. Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with a novel agent, hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), in combination with terbinafine and voriconazole: a case report. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1257– 1261.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1310 | 1172 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 559 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 147 | 4 | 1 |
Treatment of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis with Voriconazole and Miltefosine in an Immunocompetent Soldier
Duncan Webster
Duncan Webster
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Imram Umar
Imram Umar
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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George Kolyvas
George Kolyvas
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Juan Bilbao
Juan Bilbao
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Marie-Christine Guiot
Marie-Christine Guiot
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kevin Duplisea
Kevin Duplisea
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Yvonne Qvarnstrom
Yvonne Qvarnstrom
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Govinda S. Visvesvara
Govinda S. Visvesvara
Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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A 38-year-old male immunocompetent soldier developed generalized seizures. He underwent surgical debulking and a progressive demyelinating pseudotumor was identified. Serology and molecular testing confirmed a diagnosis of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba sp. in this immunocompetent male. The patient was treated with oral voriconazole and miltefosine with Acanthamoeba titers returning to control levels and serial imaging demonstrating resolution of the residual lesion.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Duncan Webster, Saint John Regional Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint John, Canada, E-mail: Duncan.Webster@HorizonNB.ca. Imran Umar, Saint John Regional Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John, Canada, E-mail: Imran.UmarDr@HorizonNB.ca. George Kolyvas, Saint John Regional Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Saint John, Canada, E-mail: George.Kolyvas@HorizonNB.ca. Juan Bilbao, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Toronto, Canada, E-mail: Juan.Bilbao@sunnybrook.ca. Marie-Christine Guiot, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, E-mail: marie.christine.guiot@mcgill.ca. Kevin Duplisea, Department of Pharmacy, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada, E-mail: Kevin.Duplisea@uhn.on.ca. Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: bvp2@cdc.gov. Govinda S. Visvesvara, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: gsv1@cdc.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL, 2007. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri and Sappinia diploidea. FEMS Immunol Med 50: 1– 26.
-
2.
Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS, 2004. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitol 34: 1001– 1027.
-
3.
Abramowicz M 2007. Drugs for parasitic infections. Treat Guidel Med Lett 5 (Suppl): e1– e15.
-
4.
Singhal T, Bajpai A, Kalra V, Kabra SK, Samantaray JC, Satpathy G, Gupta AK, 2001. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba meningitis with combination oral antimicrobials. Pediatr Infect Dis J 20: 623– 627.
-
5.
Gupta D, Bakhshi S, Panda GS, 2008. Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis during induction therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 50: 1292– 1293.
-
6.
Saxena A, Mittal S, Burnam P, Garg P, 2009. Acanthamoeba meningitis with successful outcome. Indian J Pediatr 76: 1063– 1064.
-
7.
Ofori-Kwakye SK, Sidebottom DG, Herbert J, Fischer EG, Visvesvara GS, 1986. Granulomatous brain tumor caused by Acanthamoeba. J Neurosurg 64: 505– 509.
-
8.
Martinez MS, Gonzalez-Mediero G, Santiago P, Rodriguez de Lope A, Diz J, Conde C, Visvesvara GS, 2000. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a patient with AIDS: isolation of Acanthamoeba sp. group II from brain tissue and successful treatment with sulfadiazine and fluconazole. J Clin Microbiol 38: 3892– 3895.
-
9.
Fung KT, Dhillon AP, McLaughlin JE, Lucas SB, Davidson B, Rolles K, Patch D, Burroughs AK, 2008. Cure of Acanthamoeba cerebral abscess in a liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl 14: 308– 312.
-
10.
Aichelburg A, Walochnik J, Assadian O, Prosch H, Steuer A, Perneczky G, Visvesvara GS, Aspöck H, Vetter N, 2008. Successful treatment of disseminated Acanthamoeba sp. infection with miltefosine. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1743– 1746.
-
11.
Siddiqui R, Khan NA, 2012. Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba. Available at: http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/6. Accessed May 16, 2012.
-
12.
Walochnik J, Aichelburg A, Assadian O, Steuer A, Visvesvara G, Vetter N, Aspöck H, 2008. Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba amoebae of genotype T2 in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient. J Clin Microbiol 46: 338– 340.
-
13.
Pan NR, Ghosh TN, 1971. Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis in two Indian children. J Indian Med Assoc 56: 134– 137.
-
14.
Lalitha MK, Anandi V, Srivastava A, Thomas K, Cherian AM, Chandi SM, 1985. Isolation of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni from a patient with meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 21: 666– 667.
-
15.
Karande SC, Lahiri KR, Sheth SS, Nadkarni US, Jain MK, Shah MD, 1991. Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis complicating pyogenic meningitis. Indian Pediatr 28: 794– 797.
-
16.
Sharma PP, Gupta P, Murali MV, Ramachandran VG, 1993. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba: successfully treated with cotrimoxazole. Indian Pediatr 30: 1219– 1222.
-
17.
Petry F, Torzewski M, Bohl J, Wilhelm-Schwenkmezger T, Scheid P, Walochnik J, Michel R, Zoller L, Werhahn KJ, Bhakdi S, Lackner KJ, 2006. Early diagnosis of Acanthamoeba infection during routine cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1903– 1904.
-
18.
Sheng WH, Hung CC, Huang HH, Liang SY, Cheng YJ, Ji DD, Chang SC, 2009. First case of granulomatous aebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 277– 279.
-
19.
Lackner P, Beer R, Broessner G, Helbok R, Pfausler B, Brenneis C, Auer H, Walochnik J, Schmutzhard E, 2010. Acute granulomatous Acanthamoeba encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient. Neurocrit Care 12: 91– 94.
-
20.
Maritschnegg P, Sovinz P, Lackner H, Benesch M, Nebl A, Schwinger W, Walochnik J, Urban C, 2011. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia successfully treated with multimodal antimicrobial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. J Clin Microbiol 49: 446– 448.
-
21.
Schuster F, Yagi S, Gavali S, Michelson D, Raghaven R, Blomquist I, Glastonbury C, Bollen AW, Scharnhorst D, Reed SL, Kuriyama S, Visvesvara GV, Glaser CA, 2009. Under the radar: Balamuthia amebic encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis 48: 879– 887.
-
22.
Schuster FL, Guglielmo BJ, Visvesvara GS, 2006. In vitro activity of miltefosine and voriconazole on clinical isolates of free-living amebas: Balamuthia mandrillaris, Acanthamoeba spp., and Naegleria fowleri. J Eukaryot Microbiol 53: 121– 126.
-
23.
Walochnik J, Duchêne M, Seifert K, Obwaller A, Hottkowitz T, Wiedermann G, Eibl H, Aspöck H, 2002. Cytotoxic activities of alkylphosphocholines against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46: 695– 701.
-
24.
Walia R, Montoya JG, Visvesvera GS, Booton GC, Doyle RL, 2007. A case of successful treatment of cutaneous Acanthamoeba infection in a lung transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 9: 51– 54.
-
25.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739– 1746.
-
26.
Murray HW, 2012. Leishmaniasis in the United States: treatment in 2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 434– 440.
-
27.
Kesson A, Bellemore M, O'Mara T, Ellis D, Sorrell T, 2009. Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with a novel agent, hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), in combination with terbinafine and voriconazole: a case report. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1257– 1261.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1310 | 1172 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 559 | 5 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 147 | 4 | 1 |