ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ, 2006. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367: 1521– 1532.
-
2.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Diemert D, Loukas A, 2006. New technologies for control of hookworm infections. Trends Parasitol 22: 327– 331.
-
3.
Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S, 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799– 805.
-
4.
El-Kholy SI, Abdel-Magied S, El-Ganayni GA, 1983. Some epidemiological studies on Ancylostoma duodenale infection. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 13: 447– 453.
-
5.
Bakr IM, Arafa NA, Ahmed MA, Mostafa Mel H, Mohamed MK, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a rural population in Egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39 (Suppl): 371– 381.
-
6.
John DT, Petri WA, 2006. The intestinal nematodes. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 239– 273.
-
7.
Roberts LS, Janovy J, 2010. Nematodes: strongyloidea, bursate rhabditidans. Schmidt GD, Roberts LS, eds. Foundations of Parasitology, 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 419– 432.
-
8.
Yu SH, Jiang ZX, Xu LQ, 1995. Infantile hookworm disease in China. A review. Acta Trop 59: 265– 270.
-
9.
Bhargava DK, Dasarathy S, Chowdhry GC, Anand AC, Saraswat V, 1993. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale): a case report. Endoscopy 25: 548– 549.
-
10.
Kshaunish D, Kausik D, Dasgupta J, Dhali GK, Chowdhury A, 2008. Hookworm infection presenting as overt gastrointestinal bleeding: lessons from double-balloon enteroscopy in the tropics. Am J Gastroenterol 103: 1310– 1311.
-
11.
Linterman JP, 1976. Severe intestinal bleeding leading to exploratory laparotomy in an infant with hookworm infection. Clin Pediatr 15: 1073– 1074.
-
12.
Harrison LM, Nerlinger A, Bungiro RD, Cordova JL, Kusmic P, Cappello M, 2002. Molecular characterization of Ancylostoma inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa. Hookworm anticoagulant activity in vitro predicts parasite blood feeding in vivo. J Biol Chem 277: 6223– 6229.
-
13.
Lee AY, Vlasuk GP, 2003. Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor. J Intern Med 254: 313– 321.
-
14.
Zuckerman KS, 2008. Approach to the anemias. Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine, 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 1179– 1187.
-
15.
Rácz I, Szabó A, Goda M, Magyar É, 2007. Embedded mummified hookworm as a cause of bleeding from the duodenal bulb. Endoscopy 39 (Suppl 1): E159.
-
16.
Moyle M, Foster DL, McGrath DE, Brown SM, Laroche Y, De Meutter J, Stanssens P, Bogowitz CA, Fried VA, Ely JA, 1994. A hookworm glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil function is a ligand of the integrin CD11b/CD18. J Biol Chem 269: 1008– 1015.
-
17.
Zhan B, Badamchian M, Bo MH, Ashcom J, Feng JJ, Hawdon J, Xiao SH, Hotez PG, 2002. Molecular cloning and purification of Ac-TMP a developmentally regulated putative tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease released in relative abundance by adult Ancylostoma hookworms. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 238– 244.
-
18.
Gill KRS, Stark ME, 2009. Hookworm infestation masquerading as Crohn's disease: diagnosis by double balloon enteroscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 104: 795– 796.
-
19.
Dumont A, Seferian V, Barbier P, 1983. Endoscopic discovery and capture of Necator americanus in the stomach. Endoscopy 15: 65– 66.
-
20.
Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Sinha SK, 2008. Endoscopic diagnosis of chronic severe upper GI bleeding due to helminthic infection. Gastrointest Endosc 68: 1023.
-
21.
Wu IC, Lu CY, Wu DC, 2007. Acute hookworm infection revealed by capsule endoscopy. Endoscopy 39 (Suppl 1): E306.
-
22.
Ovartlarnporn B, Chamroonkul N, Sirithanaratanakul N, Kosolbharn P, 1990. Gastrointestinal lesions in patients over 40 years of age with iron deficiency anemia and hookworm infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 21: 594– 597.
-
23.
Brooker S, Bethony J, Hotez PJ, 2004. Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Adv Parasitol 58: 197– 288.
-
24.
Williamson AL, Brindley PJ, Knox DP, Hotez PJ, Loukas A, 2003. Digestive proteases of blood-feeding nematodes. Trends Parasitol 19: 417– 423.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 341 | 211 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 534 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 268 | 2 | 0 |
In Vivo Endoscopic Imaging of Ancylostomiasis-Induced Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Clinical and Biological Profiles
Maha Barakat
Maha Barakat
Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pediatrics, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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Naglaa Ibrahim
Naglaa Ibrahim
Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pediatrics, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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Ahmed Nasr
Ahmed Nasr
Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pediatrics, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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Little data are available regarding the association of ancylostomiasis with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. This 6-year retrospective study describes the clinical and biological profiles of unexpectedly identified ancylostomiasis in a 4-month-old baby and four adults; they presented with melena and were referred for urgent diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy, which confirmed numerous small intestine injuries with surrounding blood pools caused by Ancylostoma duodenale worms. Gastric erosions were also encountered in one patient. Uniquely, worm biological activities were recorded live in vivo, including mucosal invasion through a vigorous, rapid piercing process, repeated bloodsucking habits, and gut appearance during the stages of feeding, digestion, and excretion in male and female worms. In conclusion, ancylostomiasis-induced melena may occur in all ages from infants to the elderly. Worm bloodfeeding occurs after quick mucosal piercing, with blood loss being aggravated by a repeated feeding behavior. After treatment is started, bleeding stops rapidly in response to anthelmintic therapy.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Maha Barakat and Ahmed Nasr, Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, E-mails: mahabarakat2001@yahoo.com and amnasr98@yahoo.com. Naglaa Ibrahim, Department of Pediatrics, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, E-mail: n_ibrahim_pediat@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ, 2006. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367: 1521– 1532.
-
2.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Diemert D, Loukas A, 2006. New technologies for control of hookworm infections. Trends Parasitol 22: 327– 331.
-
3.
Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S, 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799– 805.
-
4.
El-Kholy SI, Abdel-Magied S, El-Ganayni GA, 1983. Some epidemiological studies on Ancylostoma duodenale infection. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 13: 447– 453.
-
5.
Bakr IM, Arafa NA, Ahmed MA, Mostafa Mel H, Mohamed MK, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a rural population in Egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39 (Suppl): 371– 381.
-
6.
John DT, Petri WA, 2006. The intestinal nematodes. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 239– 273.
-
7.
Roberts LS, Janovy J, 2010. Nematodes: strongyloidea, bursate rhabditidans. Schmidt GD, Roberts LS, eds. Foundations of Parasitology, 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 419– 432.
-
8.
Yu SH, Jiang ZX, Xu LQ, 1995. Infantile hookworm disease in China. A review. Acta Trop 59: 265– 270.
-
9.
Bhargava DK, Dasarathy S, Chowdhry GC, Anand AC, Saraswat V, 1993. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale): a case report. Endoscopy 25: 548– 549.
-
10.
Kshaunish D, Kausik D, Dasgupta J, Dhali GK, Chowdhury A, 2008. Hookworm infection presenting as overt gastrointestinal bleeding: lessons from double-balloon enteroscopy in the tropics. Am J Gastroenterol 103: 1310– 1311.
-
11.
Linterman JP, 1976. Severe intestinal bleeding leading to exploratory laparotomy in an infant with hookworm infection. Clin Pediatr 15: 1073– 1074.
-
12.
Harrison LM, Nerlinger A, Bungiro RD, Cordova JL, Kusmic P, Cappello M, 2002. Molecular characterization of Ancylostoma inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa. Hookworm anticoagulant activity in vitro predicts parasite blood feeding in vivo. J Biol Chem 277: 6223– 6229.
-
13.
Lee AY, Vlasuk GP, 2003. Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor. J Intern Med 254: 313– 321.
-
14.
Zuckerman KS, 2008. Approach to the anemias. Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine, 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 1179– 1187.
-
15.
Rácz I, Szabó A, Goda M, Magyar É, 2007. Embedded mummified hookworm as a cause of bleeding from the duodenal bulb. Endoscopy 39 (Suppl 1): E159.
-
16.
Moyle M, Foster DL, McGrath DE, Brown SM, Laroche Y, De Meutter J, Stanssens P, Bogowitz CA, Fried VA, Ely JA, 1994. A hookworm glycoprotein that inhibits neutrophil function is a ligand of the integrin CD11b/CD18. J Biol Chem 269: 1008– 1015.
-
17.
Zhan B, Badamchian M, Bo MH, Ashcom J, Feng JJ, Hawdon J, Xiao SH, Hotez PG, 2002. Molecular cloning and purification of Ac-TMP a developmentally regulated putative tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease released in relative abundance by adult Ancylostoma hookworms. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 238– 244.
-
18.
Gill KRS, Stark ME, 2009. Hookworm infestation masquerading as Crohn's disease: diagnosis by double balloon enteroscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 104: 795– 796.
-
19.
Dumont A, Seferian V, Barbier P, 1983. Endoscopic discovery and capture of Necator americanus in the stomach. Endoscopy 15: 65– 66.
-
20.
Rana SS, Bhasin DK, Sinha SK, 2008. Endoscopic diagnosis of chronic severe upper GI bleeding due to helminthic infection. Gastrointest Endosc 68: 1023.
-
21.
Wu IC, Lu CY, Wu DC, 2007. Acute hookworm infection revealed by capsule endoscopy. Endoscopy 39 (Suppl 1): E306.
-
22.
Ovartlarnporn B, Chamroonkul N, Sirithanaratanakul N, Kosolbharn P, 1990. Gastrointestinal lesions in patients over 40 years of age with iron deficiency anemia and hookworm infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 21: 594– 597.
-
23.
Brooker S, Bethony J, Hotez PJ, 2004. Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Adv Parasitol 58: 197– 288.
-
24.
Williamson AL, Brindley PJ, Knox DP, Hotez PJ, Loukas A, 2003. Digestive proteases of blood-feeding nematodes. Trends Parasitol 19: 417– 423.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 341 | 211 | 13 |
| Full Text Views | 534 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 268 | 2 | 0 |