UNESCO, 2003. The burden of water-associated ill-health. In Water for People Water for Life. The United Nations World Water Development Report. Barcelona, Spain: UNESCO Publishing and Berghahn Books, 102– 123.
CERWASS, 2000. National rural clean water supply and sanitation strategy up to year 2020. Policy of water supply developed by the National Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, Vietnam. Internal Report, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 25– 27.
MOH, 2010. Statistics of Infectious Diseases. Hanoi: Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH).
WHO, 2009. Annual cases and deaths by country: Vietnam. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/denguenet/en/index.html. Accessed August 10, 2009.
Barrera R, Navarro JC, Mora JD, Dominguez D, Gonzalez J, 1995. Public service deficiencies and Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Venezuela. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 29: 193– 205.
Reuben R, Das PK, Samuel D, Brooks GD, 1978. Estimation of daily emergence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sonepat, India. J Med Entomol 14: 705– 714.
Tidwell MA, Williams DC, Carvalho T, 1990. Baseline data on Aedes aegypti populations in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6: 514– 522.
Barrera R, Avila J, Gonzalez-Tellez S, 1993. Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 189– 195.
Kay BH, Nam VS, Tien TV, Yen NT, Phong TV, Diep VT, Ninh TU, Bektas A, Aaskov JG, 2002. Control of Aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of Vietnam by use of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 40– 48.
Nam VS, Yen NT, Phong TV, Ninh TU, Mai LQ, Lo LV, Nghia LT, Bektas A, Briscombe A, Aaskov JG, Ryan PA, Kay BH, 2005. Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 67– 73.
Knox TB, Yen NT, Nam VS, Gatton ML, Kay BH, Ryan PA, 2007. Critical evaluation of quantitative sampling methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures in water storage containers in Vietnam. J Med Entomol 44: 192– 204.
Kay BH, Ryan PA, Lyons SA, Foley PN, Pandeya N, Purdie D, 2002. Winter intervention against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in subterranean habitats slows surface recolonization in summer. J Med Entomol 39: 356– 361.
Phuanukoonnon S, Mueller I, Bryan JH, 2005. Effectiveness of dengue control practices in household water containers in northeast Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 10: 755– 763.
Kroeger A, Lenhart A, Ochoa M, Villegas E, Levy M, Alexander N, McCall PJ, 2006. Effective control of dengue vectors with curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide in Mexico and Venezuela: cluster randomized trials. BMJ 332: 1247– 1252.
Koenraadt CJM, Tuiten W, Sithiprasasna R, Kijchalao U, Jones JW, Scott TW, 2006. Dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on Aedes aegypti populations in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 692– 700.
Tsuzuki A, Huynh T, Tsunoda T, Luu L, Kawada H, Takagi M, 2009. Effect of existing practices on reducing Aedes aegypti pre-adults in key breeding containers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 752– 757.
Winch PJ, Lloyd LS, Hoemeke L, Leontsini E, 1994. Vector control at the household level: an analysis of its impact on women. Acta Trop 56: 327– 339.
Tran HP, Adams J, Jeffery JAL, Nguyen YT, Vu NS, Kutcher SC, Kay BH, Ryan PA, 2010. Householder perspectives and preferences on water storage and use, with reference to dengue, in the Mekong Delta, southern Vietnam. Internat Hlth 2: 136– 142.
United Nations, 2008. The Millennium Development Goals Report. Available at: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2008/MDG_Report_2008_En.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2009.
Pérez-Guerra CL, Seda H, García-Rivera EJ, Clark GG, 2005. Knowledge and attitudes in Puerto Rico concerning dengue prevention. Rev Panam Salud Publica 17: 243– 253.
Toledo-Romaní ME, Baly-Gil A, Ceballos-Ursula E, Boelaert M, Van der Stuyft P, 2006. Community participation in dengue prevention: an approach from the perspective of different social actors. Salud Publica Mex 48: 39– 44.
Caprara A, Lima JW, Marinho ACP, Calvasina PG, Landim LP, Sommerfeld J, 2009. Irregular water supply, household usage and dengue: a bio-social study in the Brazilian Northeast. Cad Saude Publica 25: 125– 136.
Zérah MH, 2000. Household strategies for coping with unreliable water supplies: the case of Delhi. Habitat Int 24: 295– 307.
Chandler AC, 1945. Factors influencing the uneven distribution of Aedes aegypti in Texas cities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1: 145– 149.
Tun-Lin W, Kay BH, Barnes A, 1995. Understanding productivity, a key to Aedes aegypti surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 595– 601.
Strickman D, Kittayapong P, 2002. Dengue and its vectors in Thailand: introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of Aedes larvae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 247– 259.
Kittayapong P, Strickman D, 1993. Three simple devices for preventing development of Aedes aegypti larvae in water jars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 158– 165.
Seng CM, Setha T, Nealon J, Chantha N, Socheat D, Nathan MB, 2008. The effect of long-lasting insecticidal water container covers on field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes in Cambodia. J Vector Ecol 33: 333– 341.
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We did a prospective study in southern Vietnam where new water infrastructure was added. New 1,200-L tanks may present potential breeding grounds for Aedes aegypti, particularly when sealed lids were not always supplied. Some householders in these communes received a piped water supply, however there was no reduction in water storage practices. The prevalence of Aedes aegypti immatures in tank and tap households reached 73%, but were non-significantly different from each other and from control households that received no infrastructure. In all three communes, standard jars comprised from 48% to 71% of containers but were associated with > 90% of III–IV instars and pupae on occasions. In contrast, project tanks contributed from 0–21% of the total population. Non-functional or no lids were apparent 4 months after installation in 45–76% of new tanks, but there was no difference between communes with lids and without lids.
Financial support: We thank the Australian Agency for International Development, Canberra for funds under the Vietnam-Australia Non Government Cooperation Agreement, administered by the Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific, Ltd.
Authors' addresses: Hau P. Tran and Trang T. T. Huynh, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, E-mail: hautran68@gmail.com. Yen T. Nguyen, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Simon Kutcher, formerly Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City; currently, FHI360, Hanoi, Vietnam. Peter O'Rourke, Louise Marquart, Peter A. Ryan, and Brian H. Kay, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia, E-mail: brian.kay@qimr.edu.au.
UNESCO, 2003. The burden of water-associated ill-health. In Water for People Water for Life. The United Nations World Water Development Report. Barcelona, Spain: UNESCO Publishing and Berghahn Books, 102– 123.
CERWASS, 2000. National rural clean water supply and sanitation strategy up to year 2020. Policy of water supply developed by the National Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, Vietnam. Internal Report, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 25– 27.
MOH, 2010. Statistics of Infectious Diseases. Hanoi: Vietnam Ministry of Health (MOH).
WHO, 2009. Annual cases and deaths by country: Vietnam. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/denguenet/en/index.html. Accessed August 10, 2009.
Barrera R, Navarro JC, Mora JD, Dominguez D, Gonzalez J, 1995. Public service deficiencies and Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Venezuela. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 29: 193– 205.
Reuben R, Das PK, Samuel D, Brooks GD, 1978. Estimation of daily emergence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sonepat, India. J Med Entomol 14: 705– 714.
Tidwell MA, Williams DC, Carvalho T, 1990. Baseline data on Aedes aegypti populations in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6: 514– 522.
Barrera R, Avila J, Gonzalez-Tellez S, 1993. Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 189– 195.
Kay BH, Nam VS, Tien TV, Yen NT, Phong TV, Diep VT, Ninh TU, Bektas A, Aaskov JG, 2002. Control of Aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of Vietnam by use of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 40– 48.
Nam VS, Yen NT, Phong TV, Ninh TU, Mai LQ, Lo LV, Nghia LT, Bektas A, Briscombe A, Aaskov JG, Ryan PA, Kay BH, 2005. Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 67– 73.
Knox TB, Yen NT, Nam VS, Gatton ML, Kay BH, Ryan PA, 2007. Critical evaluation of quantitative sampling methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures in water storage containers in Vietnam. J Med Entomol 44: 192– 204.
Kay BH, Ryan PA, Lyons SA, Foley PN, Pandeya N, Purdie D, 2002. Winter intervention against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in subterranean habitats slows surface recolonization in summer. J Med Entomol 39: 356– 361.
Phuanukoonnon S, Mueller I, Bryan JH, 2005. Effectiveness of dengue control practices in household water containers in northeast Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 10: 755– 763.
Kroeger A, Lenhart A, Ochoa M, Villegas E, Levy M, Alexander N, McCall PJ, 2006. Effective control of dengue vectors with curtains and water container covers treated with insecticide in Mexico and Venezuela: cluster randomized trials. BMJ 332: 1247– 1252.
Koenraadt CJM, Tuiten W, Sithiprasasna R, Kijchalao U, Jones JW, Scott TW, 2006. Dengue knowledge and practices and their impact on Aedes aegypti populations in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 692– 700.
Tsuzuki A, Huynh T, Tsunoda T, Luu L, Kawada H, Takagi M, 2009. Effect of existing practices on reducing Aedes aegypti pre-adults in key breeding containers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 752– 757.
Winch PJ, Lloyd LS, Hoemeke L, Leontsini E, 1994. Vector control at the household level: an analysis of its impact on women. Acta Trop 56: 327– 339.
Tran HP, Adams J, Jeffery JAL, Nguyen YT, Vu NS, Kutcher SC, Kay BH, Ryan PA, 2010. Householder perspectives and preferences on water storage and use, with reference to dengue, in the Mekong Delta, southern Vietnam. Internat Hlth 2: 136– 142.
United Nations, 2008. The Millennium Development Goals Report. Available at: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2008/MDG_Report_2008_En.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2009.
Pérez-Guerra CL, Seda H, García-Rivera EJ, Clark GG, 2005. Knowledge and attitudes in Puerto Rico concerning dengue prevention. Rev Panam Salud Publica 17: 243– 253.
Toledo-Romaní ME, Baly-Gil A, Ceballos-Ursula E, Boelaert M, Van der Stuyft P, 2006. Community participation in dengue prevention: an approach from the perspective of different social actors. Salud Publica Mex 48: 39– 44.
Caprara A, Lima JW, Marinho ACP, Calvasina PG, Landim LP, Sommerfeld J, 2009. Irregular water supply, household usage and dengue: a bio-social study in the Brazilian Northeast. Cad Saude Publica 25: 125– 136.
Zérah MH, 2000. Household strategies for coping with unreliable water supplies: the case of Delhi. Habitat Int 24: 295– 307.
Chandler AC, 1945. Factors influencing the uneven distribution of Aedes aegypti in Texas cities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1: 145– 149.
Tun-Lin W, Kay BH, Barnes A, 1995. Understanding productivity, a key to Aedes aegypti surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 595– 601.
Strickman D, Kittayapong P, 2002. Dengue and its vectors in Thailand: introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of Aedes larvae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 247– 259.
Kittayapong P, Strickman D, 1993. Three simple devices for preventing development of Aedes aegypti larvae in water jars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 158– 165.
Seng CM, Setha T, Nealon J, Chantha N, Socheat D, Nathan MB, 2008. The effect of long-lasting insecticidal water container covers on field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes in Cambodia. J Vector Ecol 33: 333– 341.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 810 | 650 | 49 |
Full Text Views | 249 | 1 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 44 | 2 | 0 |