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1.
Duda R, Darko R, Adanu R, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Gautam S, Hill AG, 2005. HIV prevalence and risk factors in women of Accra, Ghana: results from the Women's Health Study of Accra. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 63–66.
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Duda RB, Chen GL, Hill AG, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi J, 2005. Screening for cervical cancer still not included as routine care for women. Int J Trop Med 1: 1–6.
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Duda RB, Kim MP, Darko R, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Hill AG, 2006. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure in women residing in Accra, Ghana: report from the Women's Health Survey of Accra. Int J Cardiol 108: (see appendix).
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Hill AG, Darko R, Seffah J, Adanu RM, Anarfi J, Duda RB, 2007. Health of urban Ghanaian women as identified by the Women's Health Study of Accra. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 99: 150–156.
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Duda RB, Kim MP, Darko R, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Hill AG, 2007. Results of the Women' Health Study of Accra: assessment of blood pressure in urban women. Int J Cardiol 117: 115–122.
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Hill A, Douptcheva N, 2011. Final Report on the Women's Health Study of Accra, Wave 2 2008/2009. Accra, Ghana: ISSER, University of Ghana.
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Debpuur C, Welaga P, Wak G, Hodgson A, 2010. Self-reported health and functional limitations among older people in the Kassena-Nankana District Ghana. Global Health Action Supplement 2: 2010 Sep 27; 3. doi:10.3402/gha.v3i0.2151.
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Marshall SJ, 2004. Developing countries face double burden of disease. Bull World Health Organ 82: 556.
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Income and Health in Accra, Ghana: Results from a Time Use and Health Study
Günther Fink
Günther Fink
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Center of Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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John R. Weeks
John R. Weeks
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Center of Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Allan G. Hill
Allan G. Hill
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Center of Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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This paper uses newly collected household survey data from Accra, Ghana, to investigate whether incomes affect acute and chronic health outcomes in settings that can be considered representative for the large and rapidly growing urban centers of sub-Saharan Africa. The Time Use and Health Study in Accra collected information on incomes, current health status, and health care use from 5,484 persons in 1,250 households, each repeatedly sampled on a rolling basis for a period of 13 weeks. Data collection took place during September 2008–March 2010 to capture seasonal variations. The study found that incomes varied widely between households, and that a high fraction of persons lived below the poverty line. Despite this level of income poverty and an overall remarkably high burden of treatable disease, no systematic differences in self-reported and objectively measured health conditions were detected across socioeconomic groups.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported in part by grant R01 HD054906 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Health, Poverty and Place in Accra, Ghana, John R. Weeks, Project Director/Principal Investigator) and Hewlett/PRB (Reproductive and Overall Health Outcomes and Their Economic Consequences for Households in Accra, Ghana, Allan G. Hill, Project Director/Principal Investigator).
Authors' addresses: Günther Fink and Alan G. Hill, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, E-mails: gfink@hsph.harvard.edu and ahill@hsph.harvard.edu. John R. Weeks, Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, E-mail: john.weeks@sdsu.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Duda R, Darko R, Adanu R, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Gautam S, Hill AG, 2005. HIV prevalence and risk factors in women of Accra, Ghana: results from the Women's Health Study of Accra. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 63–66.
-
2.
Duda RB, Chen GL, Hill AG, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi J, 2005. Screening for cervical cancer still not included as routine care for women. Int J Trop Med 1: 1–6.
-
3.
Duda RB, Kim MP, Darko R, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Hill AG, 2006. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure in women residing in Accra, Ghana: report from the Women's Health Survey of Accra. Int J Cardiol 108: (see appendix).
-
4.
Hill AG, Darko R, Seffah J, Adanu RM, Anarfi J, Duda RB, 2007. Health of urban Ghanaian women as identified by the Women's Health Study of Accra. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 99: 150–156.
-
5.
Duda RB, Kim MP, Darko R, Adanu RM, Seffah J, Anarfi JK, Hill AG, 2007. Results of the Women' Health Study of Accra: assessment of blood pressure in urban women. Int J Cardiol 117: 115–122.
-
6.
Hill A, Douptcheva N, 2011. Final Report on the Women's Health Study of Accra, Wave 2 2008/2009. Accra, Ghana: ISSER, University of Ghana.
-
7.
Hill AG, Douptcheva N, 2011. Links between the Urban Mortality and Health Transitions: A Case Study from Accra, Ghana. Seminar on New Approaches to Death in Cities during the Health Transition, Organized by the IUSSP Scientific Panel on Historical Demography, Seville, Spain.
-
8.
Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM, 2007. Poverty and health. JAMA 298: 1968.
-
9.
Parmley WW, 2000. Poverty and health. J Am Coll Cardiol Found 35: 1359–1360.
-
10.
Wagstaff A, 2002. Poverty and health sector inequalities. Bull World Health Organ 80: 97–105.
-
11.
Montgomery M, Hewett PC, 2005. Urban poverty and health in developing countries: household and neighborhood effects. Demography 42: 397–425.
-
12.
Debpuur C, Welaga P, Wak G, Hodgson A, 2010. Self-reported health and functional limitations among older people in the Kassena-Nankana District Ghana. Global Health Action Supplement 2: 2010 Sep 27; 3. doi:10.3402/gha.v3i0.2151.
-
13.
Patrinos HA, Psacharopoulos G, 2010. Returns to education in developing countries. Penelope P, Eva B, Barry M, eds. International Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 305–312.
-
14.
Psacharopoulos G, Patrinos HA, 2002. Returns to Investment in Education: A Further Update. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2881.
-
15.
Filmer D, Pritchett LH, 2001. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38: 115–132.
-
16.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2011. Health, United States, 2010: With Special Feature on Death and Dying. Hyattsville, MD: US National Center for Health Statistics.
-
17.
Subramanian S, Perkins J, Özaltin E, Davey Smith G, 2011. Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low- to middle-income countries. Am J Clin Nutr 93: 413–421.
-
18.
Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P, 2004. The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28: S2–S9.
-
19.
Popkin BM, 2002. The dynamics of the dietary transition in the developing world. Caballero B, Popkin BM, eds. The Nutrition Transition: Diet and Disease in the Developing World. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 147–164.
-
20.
Sobal J, Stunkard AJ, 1989. Socioeconomic status and obesity: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull 105: 260–275.
-
21.
Caballero B, 2007. The global epidemic of obesity: an overview. Epidemiol Rev 29: 1–5.
-
22.
Chang VW, Lauderdale DS, 2005. Income disparities in body mass index and obesity in the United States, 1971–2002. Arch Intern Med 165: 2114–2120.
-
23.
Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon DA, 2009. Socioeconomic position and hypertension: a study of urban civil servants in Ghana. J Epidemiol Community Health 63: 646–650.
-
24.
Marshall SJ, 2004. Developing countries face double burden of disease. Bull World Health Organ 82: 556.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 614 | 486 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 390 | 1 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 146 | 2 | 0 |