Author:
- Introduction
- Introduction of Dengue in the Americas (1600–1946)
- Continental Plan for the Eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947–1970)
- Aedes aegypti Reinfestation (1971–1999)
- Increased Dispersion of Ae. aegypti and Dengue Virus Circulation (2000–2010)
- Ecuador – outbreak 2000.
- Paraguay – outbreak 2000.
- Peru – outbreak 2001.
- Pan American – outbreak 2002.
- Costa Rica – outbreak 2005.
- Paraguay – outbreak 2006–2007.
- Brazil – outbreak 2007–2008.
- Bolivia – outbreak 2009.
- Argentina – outbreak 2009.
- Mexico – outbreak 2009.
- Nicaragua – outbreak 2009.
- Pan American – outbreak 2010.
- Regional Efforts
- Conclusions
ProCite
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The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas
Olivia Brathwaite Dick
Olivia Brathwaite Dick
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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José L. San Martín
José L. San Martín
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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Romeo H. Montoya
Romeo H. Montoya
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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Jorge del Diego
Jorge del Diego
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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Betzana Zambrano
Betzana Zambrano
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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Gustavo H. Dayan
Gustavo H. Dayan
Viral Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC; Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), San José, Costa Rica; Sanofi Pasteur, Research and Development, Clinical Department, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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Dengue is a viral disease usually transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue outbreaks in the Americas reported in medical literature and to the Pan American Health Organization are described. The outbreak history from 1600 to 2010 was categorized into four phases: Introduction of dengue in the Americas (1600–1946); Continental plan for the eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947–1970) marked by a successful eradication of the mosquito in 18 continental countries by 1962; Ae. aegypti reinfestation (1971–1999) caused by the failure of the mosquito eradication program; Increased dispersion of Ae. aegypti and dengue virus circulation (2000–2010) characterized by a marked increase in the number of outbreaks. During 2010 > 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50,235 severe cases and 1,185 deaths. A dramatic increase in the number of outbreaks has been reported in recent years. Urgent global action is needed to avoid further disease spread.
Author Notes
Disclosure: Betzana Zambrano and Gustavo H. Dayan are employees of Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. This statement is made in the interest of full disclosure and not because the authors consider this to be a conflict of interest. The manuscript was a collaboration between the authors. No funding was involved in the development of the manuscript. Information from this manuscript was presented at the 60th ASTMH Annual Meeting in Philadelphia on December 5, 2011.
Authors' addresses: Olivia Brathwaite Dick, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, E-mail: brathwao@paho.org. José L. San Martín, Romeo H. Montoya, and Jorge del Diego, Dengue Regional Program, Pan American Health Organization, San José, Costa Rica, E-mails: sanmarjl@cor.ops-oms.org, montoyah@paho.org, and jorgedeldiego@gmail.com. Betzana Zambrano, Clinical Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay, E-mail: betzana.zambrano@sanofipasteur.com. Gustavo H. Dayan, Clinical Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, E-mail: gustavo.dayan@sanofipasteur.com.
- Introduction
- Introduction of Dengue in the Americas (1600–1946)
- Continental Plan for the Eradication of the Ae. aegypti (1947–1970)
- Aedes aegypti Reinfestation (1971–1999)
- Increased Dispersion of Ae. aegypti and Dengue Virus Circulation (2000–2010)
- Ecuador – outbreak 2000.
- Paraguay – outbreak 2000.
- Peru – outbreak 2001.
- Pan American – outbreak 2002.
- Costa Rica – outbreak 2005.
- Paraguay – outbreak 2006–2007.
- Brazil – outbreak 2007–2008.
- Bolivia – outbreak 2009.
- Argentina – outbreak 2009.
- Mexico – outbreak 2009.
- Nicaragua – outbreak 2009.
- Pan American – outbreak 2010.
- Regional Efforts
- Conclusions
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