Conlan JV, Vongxay K, Fenwick S, Blacksell SD, Thompson RC, 2009. Does interspecific competition have a moderating effect on Taenia solium transmission dynamics in Southeast Asia? Trends Parasitol 25: 398–403.
Willingham AL III, De NV, Doanh NQ, le Cong D, Dung TV, Dorny P, Cam PD, Dalsgaard A, 2003. Current status of cysticercosis in Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34 (Suppl 1): 35–50.
Anantaphruti MT, Yamasaki H, Nakao M, Waikagul J, Watthanakulpanich D, Nuamtanong S, Maipanich W, Pubampen S, Sanguankiat S, Muennoo C, Nakaya K, Sato MO, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2007. Sympatric occurrence of Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1413–1416.
Somers R, Dorny P, Geysen D, Nguyen LA, Thach DC, Vercruysse J, Nguyen VK, 2007. Human tapeworms in North Vietnam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 275–277.
Willingham AL III, Wu HW, Conlan J, Satrija F, 2010. Combating Taenia solium cysticercosis in Southeast Asia: an opportunity for improving human health and livestock production. Adv Parasitol 72C: 235–266.
Tran DS, Odermatt P, Le Oanh T, Huc P, Phoumindr N, Ito A, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM, Strobel M, 2007. Risk factors for epilepsy in rural Lao PDR: a case-control study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 38: 537–542.
Eom KS, Jeon HK, Rim HJ, 2009. Geographical distribution of Taenia asiatica and related species. Korean J Parasitol 47 (Suppl): S115–S124.
Conlan J, Khounsy S, Inthavong P, Fenwick S, Blacksell S, Thompson RC, 2008. A review of taeniasis and cysticercosis in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Parasitol Int 57: 252–255.
Rim HJ, Chai JY, Min DY, Cho SY, Eom KS, Hong SJ, Sohn WM, Yong TS, Deodato G, Standgaard H, Phommasack B, Yun CH, Hoang EH, 2003. Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections on a national scale among primary schoolchildren in Laos. Parasitol Res 91: 267–272.
Sayasone S, Odermatt P, Phoumindr N, Vongsaravane X, Sensombath V, Phetsouvanh R, Choulamany X, Strobel M, 2007. Epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini in a rural district of southern Lao PDR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 40–47.
Giboda M, Viengsay M, Bouaphan S, Ditrich O, 1991. Épidémiologie des parasitoses intestinales au Laos. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 84: 184–193.
Giboda M, Ditrich O, Scholz T, Viengsay T, Bouaphanh S, 1991. Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Laos. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 (Suppl): 56–61.
Chai JY, Hongvanthong B, 1998. A small-scale survey of intestinal helminthic infections among the residents near Pakse, Laos. Korean J Parasitol 36: 55–58.
Sithithaworn P, Sukavat K, Vannachone B, Sophonphong K, Ben-Embarek P, Petney T, Andrews R, 2006. Epidemiology of food-borne trematodes and other parasite infections in a fishing community on the Nam Ngum Reservoir, Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 1083–1090.
Pholsena K, Sayaseng B, Hongvanthong B, Vanisaveth V, 1991. The prevalence of helminth infection in Ban Nanin, Laos. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22: 137–138.
Vannachone B, Kobayashi J, Nambanya S, Manivong K, Inthakone S, Sato Y, 1998. An epidemiological survey on intestinal parasite infection in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, with special reference to Strongyloides infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 29: 717–722.
Erlanger TE, Sayasone S, Krieger GR, Kaul S, Sananikhom P, Tanner M, Odermatt P, Utzinger J, 2008. Baseline health situation of communities affected by the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao PDR and indicators for monitoring. Int J Environ Health Res 18: 223–242.
Chai JY, Han ET, Shin EH, Sohn WM, Yong TS, Eom KS, Min DY, Um JY, Park MS, Hoang EH, Phommasack B, Insisiengmay B, Lee SH, Rim HJ, 2009. High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and other helminth infections among people in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Korean J Parasitol 47: 243–247.
Sayasone S, Vonghajack Y, Vanmany M, Rasphone O, Tesana S, Utzinger J, Akkhavong K, Odermatt P, 2009. Diversity of human intestinal helminthiasis in Lao PDR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 247–254.
Anonymous, 2006. Population and Housing Census 2005. Vientiane, Laos: Steering Committee for Census of Population and Housing, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment.
Somers R, Dorny P, Nguyen VK, Dang TC, Goddeeris B, Craig PS, Vercruysse J, 2006. Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in three communities in North Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 11: 65–72.
Pawlowski Z, 2002. Taenia solium: basic biology and transmission. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: from Basic to Clinical Science. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing Co., 1–23.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
Dorny P, Vercammen F, Brandt J, Vansteenkiste W, Berkvens D, Geerts S, 2000. Sero-epidemiological study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Belgian cattle. Vet Parasitol 88: 43–49.
Dorny P, Phiri I, Gabriel S, Speybroeck N, Vercruysse J, 2002. A sero-epidemiological study of bovine cysticercosis in Zambia. Vet Parasitol 104: 211–215.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriel S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
Yamasaki H, Allan JC, Sato MO, Nakao M, Sako Y, Nakaya K, Qiu D, Mamuti W, Craig PS, Ito A, 2004. DNA differential diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis by multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 548–553.
Steinmann P, Zhou XN, Li YL, Li HJ, Chen SR, Yang Z, Fan W, Jia TW, Li LH, Vounatsou P, Utzinger J, 2007. Helminth infections and risk factor analysis among residents in Eryuan county, Yunnan province, China. Acta Trop 104: 38–51.
Raso G, Utzinger J, Silué KD, Ouattara M, Yapi A, Toty A, Matthys B, Vounatsou P, Tanner M, N'Goran EK, 2005. Disparities in parasitic infections, perceived ill health and access to health care among poorer and less poor schoolchildren of rural Côte d'Ivoire. Trop Med Int Health 10: 42–57.
Rahme E, 1998. Estimating the prevalence of a rare disease: adjusted maximum likelihood. Statistician 47: 149–158.
McManus DP, 2010. Echinococcosis with particular reference to Southeast Asia. Adv Parasitol 72: 267–303.
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Palacios LG, Jimenez I, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Wilkins P, Tsang VC, 2001. Short report: transient antibody response in Taenia solium infection in field conditions—a major contributor to high seroprevalence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 31–32.
Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2004. Immunodiagnostic approaches for detecting Taenia solium. Trends Parasitol 20: 259–260, author reply 260–261.
Erhart A, Dorny P, Van De N, Vien HV, Thach DC, Toan ND, le Cong D, Geerts S, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, Brandt J, 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Vietnam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 270–272.
Salim L, Ang A, Handali S, Tsang VC, 2009. Seroepidemiologic survey of cysticercosis-taeniasis in four central highland districts of Papua, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 384–388.
Chen YD, Xu LQ, Zhou XN, 2004. Distribution and disease burden of cysticercosis in China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35: 231–239.
Flisser A, Vazquez-Mendoza A, Martinez-Ocana J, Gomez-Colin E, Leyva RS, Medina-Santillan R, 2005. Short report: evaluation of a self-detection tool for tapeworm carriers for use in public health. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 510–512.
Allan JC, Velasquez-Tohom M, Torres-Alvarez R, Yurrita P, Garcia-Noval J, 1996. Field trial of the coproantigen-based diagnosis of Taenia solium taeniasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 352–356.
Garcia-Noval J, Allan JC, Fletes C, Moreno E, DeMata F, Torres-Alvarez R, Soto de Alfaro H, Yurrita P, Higueros-Morales H, Mencos F, Craig PS, 1996. Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 282–289.
Sanchez AL, Gomez O, Allebeck P, Cosenza H, Ljungstrom L, 1997. Epidemiological study of Taenia solium infections in a rural village in Honduras. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91: 163–171.
Jeri C, Gilman RH, Lescano AG, Mayta H, Ramirez ME, Gonzalez AE, Nazerali R, Garcia HH, 2004. Species identification after treatment for human taeniasis. Lancet 363: 949–950.
Flisser A, 2006. Where are the tapeworms? Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S117–S120.
Vongxay K, Conlan JV, Khuonsy S, Dorny P, Fenwick S, Thompson RCA, Blacksell SD, 2012. Seroprevalence of major bovine-associated zoonotic infectious diseases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0850.
Gemmell MA, 1987. A critical approach to the concepts of control and eradication of echinococcosis/hydatidosis and taeniasis/cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 17: 465–472.
Gemmell MA, Lawson JR, Roberts MG, 1987. Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: evaluation of the biological parameters of Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis and comparison with those of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 94: 161–180.
Deplazes P, Gottstein B, Stingelin Y, Eckert J, 1990. Detection of Taenia hydatigena copro-antigens by ELISA in dogs. Vet Parasitol 36: 91–103.
Allan JC, Wilkins PP, Tsang VC, Craig PS, 2003. Immunodiagnostic tools for taeniasis. Acta Trop 87: 87–93.
Deckers N, Dorny P, 2010. Immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis. Trends Parasitol 26: 137–144.
Sciutto E, Martinez JJ, Villalobos NM, Hernandez M, Jose MV, Beltran C, Rodarte F, Flores I, Bobadilla JR, Fragoso G, Parkhouse ME, Harrison LJ, de Aluja AS, 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
OIE, 2010. Cysticercosis. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Office International des Epizooties. Available at: http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.09.05_CYSTICERCOSIS.pdf.
Phengsavanh P, Ogle B, Stur W, Frankow-Lindberg BE, Lindberg JE, 2010. Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in northern Lao PDR. Trop Anim Health Prod 42: 1627–1623.
Boa ME, Kassuku AA, Willingham AL III, Keyyu JD, Phiri IK, Nansen P, 2002. Distribution and density of cysticerci of Taenia solium by muscle groups and organs in naturally infected local finished pigs in Tanzania. Vet Parasitol 106: 155–164.
Handali S, Klarman M, Gaspard AN, Dong XF, Laborde R, Noh J, Lee YM, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, Wilkins PP, 2010. Development and evaluation of a magnetic immunochromatographic test to detect Taenia solium, which causes taeniasis and neurocysticercosis in humans. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 631–637.
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We conducted cross-sectional surveys for taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans, pigs, and dogs in four northern provinces of Laos. Human cysticercosis and taeniasis prevalence was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.0%) and 8.4% (95% CI = 6.9–9.9%), respectively. Eating uncooked beef, being male, province of residence, age, and ethnicity were significant risk factors for taeniasis and only province of residence was a significant risk factor for cystiercosis. Thirty-five human tapeworms were recovered during the survey and 33 (94.3%) and 2 (5.7%) were identified as Taenia saginata and T. solium, respectively. Maximum-likelihood adjusted prevalence of T. solium and T. hydatigena in pigs was 4.2% (95% CI = 0.5–7.9%) and 55.9% (95% CI = 47.5–64.3%), respectively, and T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs was 4.8% (95% CI = 0.0–11.3%). Taenia hydatigena and T. saginata were the most prevalent taeniids in the respective pig and human populations and together may suppress T. solium transmission.
Financial support: This study was supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (project no. AH2006/161). James V. Conlan was supported by a Murdoch University Research Studentship award.
Authors' addresses: James V. Conlan, Aileen Elliot, Stanley Fenwick, and R. C. Andrew Thompson, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia, E-mails: james.conlan@foodstandards.gov.au, a.elliot@murdoch.edu.au, stanley_fenwick@dai.com, and a.thompson@murdoch.edu.au. Khamphouth Vongxay, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos, E-mail: kamputvongxay@yahoo.com. Boualam Khamlome, Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos, E-mail: drboualam2004@yahoo.com.au. Pierre Dorny, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: pdorny@itg.be. Banchob Sripa, Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, E-mail: banchob@kku.ac.th. Stuart D. Blacksell, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: stuart@tropmedres.ac.
Conlan JV, Vongxay K, Fenwick S, Blacksell SD, Thompson RC, 2009. Does interspecific competition have a moderating effect on Taenia solium transmission dynamics in Southeast Asia? Trends Parasitol 25: 398–403.
Willingham AL III, De NV, Doanh NQ, le Cong D, Dung TV, Dorny P, Cam PD, Dalsgaard A, 2003. Current status of cysticercosis in Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34 (Suppl 1): 35–50.
Anantaphruti MT, Yamasaki H, Nakao M, Waikagul J, Watthanakulpanich D, Nuamtanong S, Maipanich W, Pubampen S, Sanguankiat S, Muennoo C, Nakaya K, Sato MO, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2007. Sympatric occurrence of Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1413–1416.
Somers R, Dorny P, Geysen D, Nguyen LA, Thach DC, Vercruysse J, Nguyen VK, 2007. Human tapeworms in North Vietnam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 275–277.
Willingham AL III, Wu HW, Conlan J, Satrija F, 2010. Combating Taenia solium cysticercosis in Southeast Asia: an opportunity for improving human health and livestock production. Adv Parasitol 72C: 235–266.
Tran DS, Odermatt P, Le Oanh T, Huc P, Phoumindr N, Ito A, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM, Strobel M, 2007. Risk factors for epilepsy in rural Lao PDR: a case-control study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 38: 537–542.
Eom KS, Jeon HK, Rim HJ, 2009. Geographical distribution of Taenia asiatica and related species. Korean J Parasitol 47 (Suppl): S115–S124.
Conlan J, Khounsy S, Inthavong P, Fenwick S, Blacksell S, Thompson RC, 2008. A review of taeniasis and cysticercosis in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Parasitol Int 57: 252–255.
Rim HJ, Chai JY, Min DY, Cho SY, Eom KS, Hong SJ, Sohn WM, Yong TS, Deodato G, Standgaard H, Phommasack B, Yun CH, Hoang EH, 2003. Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections on a national scale among primary schoolchildren in Laos. Parasitol Res 91: 267–272.
Sayasone S, Odermatt P, Phoumindr N, Vongsaravane X, Sensombath V, Phetsouvanh R, Choulamany X, Strobel M, 2007. Epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini in a rural district of southern Lao PDR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 40–47.
Giboda M, Viengsay M, Bouaphan S, Ditrich O, 1991. Épidémiologie des parasitoses intestinales au Laos. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 84: 184–193.
Giboda M, Ditrich O, Scholz T, Viengsay T, Bouaphanh S, 1991. Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Laos. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 (Suppl): 56–61.
Chai JY, Hongvanthong B, 1998. A small-scale survey of intestinal helminthic infections among the residents near Pakse, Laos. Korean J Parasitol 36: 55–58.
Sithithaworn P, Sukavat K, Vannachone B, Sophonphong K, Ben-Embarek P, Petney T, Andrews R, 2006. Epidemiology of food-borne trematodes and other parasite infections in a fishing community on the Nam Ngum Reservoir, Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 1083–1090.
Pholsena K, Sayaseng B, Hongvanthong B, Vanisaveth V, 1991. The prevalence of helminth infection in Ban Nanin, Laos. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22: 137–138.
Vannachone B, Kobayashi J, Nambanya S, Manivong K, Inthakone S, Sato Y, 1998. An epidemiological survey on intestinal parasite infection in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, with special reference to Strongyloides infection. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 29: 717–722.
Erlanger TE, Sayasone S, Krieger GR, Kaul S, Sananikhom P, Tanner M, Odermatt P, Utzinger J, 2008. Baseline health situation of communities affected by the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao PDR and indicators for monitoring. Int J Environ Health Res 18: 223–242.
Chai JY, Han ET, Shin EH, Sohn WM, Yong TS, Eom KS, Min DY, Um JY, Park MS, Hoang EH, Phommasack B, Insisiengmay B, Lee SH, Rim HJ, 2009. High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and other helminth infections among people in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Korean J Parasitol 47: 243–247.
Sayasone S, Vonghajack Y, Vanmany M, Rasphone O, Tesana S, Utzinger J, Akkhavong K, Odermatt P, 2009. Diversity of human intestinal helminthiasis in Lao PDR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 247–254.
Anonymous, 2006. Population and Housing Census 2005. Vientiane, Laos: Steering Committee for Census of Population and Housing, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment.
Somers R, Dorny P, Nguyen VK, Dang TC, Goddeeris B, Craig PS, Vercruysse J, 2006. Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in three communities in North Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 11: 65–72.
Pawlowski Z, 2002. Taenia solium: basic biology and transmission. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia solium Cysticercosis: from Basic to Clinical Science. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing Co., 1–23.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
Dorny P, Vercammen F, Brandt J, Vansteenkiste W, Berkvens D, Geerts S, 2000. Sero-epidemiological study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Belgian cattle. Vet Parasitol 88: 43–49.
Dorny P, Phiri I, Gabriel S, Speybroeck N, Vercruysse J, 2002. A sero-epidemiological study of bovine cysticercosis in Zambia. Vet Parasitol 104: 211–215.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriel S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
Yamasaki H, Allan JC, Sato MO, Nakao M, Sako Y, Nakaya K, Qiu D, Mamuti W, Craig PS, Ito A, 2004. DNA differential diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis by multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 548–553.
Steinmann P, Zhou XN, Li YL, Li HJ, Chen SR, Yang Z, Fan W, Jia TW, Li LH, Vounatsou P, Utzinger J, 2007. Helminth infections and risk factor analysis among residents in Eryuan county, Yunnan province, China. Acta Trop 104: 38–51.
Raso G, Utzinger J, Silué KD, Ouattara M, Yapi A, Toty A, Matthys B, Vounatsou P, Tanner M, N'Goran EK, 2005. Disparities in parasitic infections, perceived ill health and access to health care among poorer and less poor schoolchildren of rural Côte d'Ivoire. Trop Med Int Health 10: 42–57.
Rahme E, 1998. Estimating the prevalence of a rare disease: adjusted maximum likelihood. Statistician 47: 149–158.
McManus DP, 2010. Echinococcosis with particular reference to Southeast Asia. Adv Parasitol 72: 267–303.
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Palacios LG, Jimenez I, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Wilkins P, Tsang VC, 2001. Short report: transient antibody response in Taenia solium infection in field conditions—a major contributor to high seroprevalence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 31–32.
Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2004. Immunodiagnostic approaches for detecting Taenia solium. Trends Parasitol 20: 259–260, author reply 260–261.
Erhart A, Dorny P, Van De N, Vien HV, Thach DC, Toan ND, le Cong D, Geerts S, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, Brandt J, 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Vietnam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 270–272.
Salim L, Ang A, Handali S, Tsang VC, 2009. Seroepidemiologic survey of cysticercosis-taeniasis in four central highland districts of Papua, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 384–388.
Chen YD, Xu LQ, Zhou XN, 2004. Distribution and disease burden of cysticercosis in China. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35: 231–239.
Flisser A, Vazquez-Mendoza A, Martinez-Ocana J, Gomez-Colin E, Leyva RS, Medina-Santillan R, 2005. Short report: evaluation of a self-detection tool for tapeworm carriers for use in public health. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 510–512.
Allan JC, Velasquez-Tohom M, Torres-Alvarez R, Yurrita P, Garcia-Noval J, 1996. Field trial of the coproantigen-based diagnosis of Taenia solium taeniasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 352–356.
Garcia-Noval J, Allan JC, Fletes C, Moreno E, DeMata F, Torres-Alvarez R, Soto de Alfaro H, Yurrita P, Higueros-Morales H, Mencos F, Craig PS, 1996. Epidemiology of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in two rural Guatemalan communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 282–289.
Sanchez AL, Gomez O, Allebeck P, Cosenza H, Ljungstrom L, 1997. Epidemiological study of Taenia solium infections in a rural village in Honduras. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91: 163–171.
Jeri C, Gilman RH, Lescano AG, Mayta H, Ramirez ME, Gonzalez AE, Nazerali R, Garcia HH, 2004. Species identification after treatment for human taeniasis. Lancet 363: 949–950.
Flisser A, 2006. Where are the tapeworms? Parasitol Int 55 (Suppl): S117–S120.
Vongxay K, Conlan JV, Khuonsy S, Dorny P, Fenwick S, Thompson RCA, Blacksell SD, 2012. Seroprevalence of major bovine-associated zoonotic infectious diseases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0850.
Gemmell MA, 1987. A critical approach to the concepts of control and eradication of echinococcosis/hydatidosis and taeniasis/cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 17: 465–472.
Gemmell MA, Lawson JR, Roberts MG, 1987. Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: evaluation of the biological parameters of Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis and comparison with those of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 94: 161–180.
Deplazes P, Gottstein B, Stingelin Y, Eckert J, 1990. Detection of Taenia hydatigena copro-antigens by ELISA in dogs. Vet Parasitol 36: 91–103.
Allan JC, Wilkins PP, Tsang VC, Craig PS, 2003. Immunodiagnostic tools for taeniasis. Acta Trop 87: 87–93.
Deckers N, Dorny P, 2010. Immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis. Trends Parasitol 26: 137–144.
Sciutto E, Martinez JJ, Villalobos NM, Hernandez M, Jose MV, Beltran C, Rodarte F, Flores I, Bobadilla JR, Fragoso G, Parkhouse ME, Harrison LJ, de Aluja AS, 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
OIE, 2010. Cysticercosis. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Office International des Epizooties. Available at: http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/2.09.05_CYSTICERCOSIS.pdf.
Phengsavanh P, Ogle B, Stur W, Frankow-Lindberg BE, Lindberg JE, 2010. Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in northern Lao PDR. Trop Anim Health Prod 42: 1627–1623.
Boa ME, Kassuku AA, Willingham AL III, Keyyu JD, Phiri IK, Nansen P, 2002. Distribution and density of cysticerci of Taenia solium by muscle groups and organs in naturally infected local finished pigs in Tanzania. Vet Parasitol 106: 155–164.
Handali S, Klarman M, Gaspard AN, Dong XF, Laborde R, Noh J, Lee YM, Rodriguez S, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, Wilkins PP, 2010. Development and evaluation of a magnetic immunochromatographic test to detect Taenia solium, which causes taeniasis and neurocysticercosis in humans. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17: 631–637.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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