A Cross-Sectional Study of Taenia solium in a Multiple Taeniid-Endemic Region Reveals Competition May be Protective

James V. Conlan School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Khamphouth Vongxay School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Boualam Khamlome School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Pierre Dorny School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Banchob Sripa School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Aileen Elliot School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Stuart D. Blacksell School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Stanley Fenwick School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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R. C. Andrew Thompson School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos; Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

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We conducted cross-sectional surveys for taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans, pigs, and dogs in four northern provinces of Laos. Human cysticercosis and taeniasis prevalence was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.0%) and 8.4% (95% CI = 6.9–9.9%), respectively. Eating uncooked beef, being male, province of residence, age, and ethnicity were significant risk factors for taeniasis and only province of residence was a significant risk factor for cystiercosis. Thirty-five human tapeworms were recovered during the survey and 33 (94.3%) and 2 (5.7%) were identified as Taenia saginata and T. solium, respectively. Maximum-likelihood adjusted prevalence of T. solium and T. hydatigena in pigs was 4.2% (95% CI = 0.5–7.9%) and 55.9% (95% CI = 47.5–64.3%), respectively, and T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs was 4.8% (95% CI = 0.0–11.3%). Taenia hydatigena and T. saginata were the most prevalent taeniids in the respective pig and human populations and together may suppress T. solium transmission.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to James V. Conlan, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 55 Blackall Street, Barton, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia. E-mail: james.conlan@foodstandards.gov.au

Financial support: This study was supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (project no. AH2006/161). James V. Conlan was supported by a Murdoch University Research Studentship award.

Authors' addresses: James V. Conlan, Aileen Elliot, Stanley Fenwick, and R. C. Andrew Thompson, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia, E-mails: james.conlan@foodstandards.gov.au, a.elliot@murdoch.edu.au, stanley_fenwick@dai.com, and a.thompson@murdoch.edu.au. Khamphouth Vongxay, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos, E-mail: kamputvongxay@yahoo.com. Boualam Khamlome, Department of Hygiene and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos, E-mail: drboualam2004@yahoo.com.au. Pierre Dorny, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: pdorny@itg.be. Banchob Sripa, Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, E-mail: banchob@kku.ac.th. Stuart D. Blacksell, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: stuart@tropmedres.ac.

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