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Evaluation of Antigen Detection Tests, Microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Malaria in Peripheral Blood in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women in Nanoro, Burkina Faso
Rapid diagnostics tests (RDTs) detect malaria specific antigen(s) in the circulation, even when parasites are sequestered in the placenta and not visible by microscopy. However, research on their diagnostic accuracy during pregnancy is limited. Pregnant women (n = 418) were screened for malaria during routine antenatal care by using two RDTs that detect histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) or Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with antibodies that detect dihydrofolate reductase–thymidylate synthase or heme-detoxification protein, and compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microscopy for evaluation of their diagnostic accuracy. Prevalence of malaria infection was high (53% by PCR). The RT-PCR and the HRP2 RDT detected most cases of malaria during pregnancy, whereas microscopy, the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase RDT, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for dihydrofolate reductase–thymidylate synthase and heme-detoxification protein antibodies did not detect several low-density infections. Therefore, the HRP2 RDT could be a useful tool in high-transmission areas for diagnosis of malaria in asymptomatic pregnant women.
Author Notes
Financial support: The PREGACT-trial in Burkina Faso was supported by the European-Developing Countries Clinical Trials Programme, the Belgian Cooperation, and Sanofi S. A. (Paris, France). Johanna H. Kattenberg is supported by the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics in a collaborative effort for improvement of malaria diagnosis.
Authors' addresses: Johanna H. Kattenberg, Inge A. J. Versteeg, Henk D. F. H. Schallig, and Petra F. Mens, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mails: E.Kattenberg@KIT.nl, I.Versteeg@KIT.nl, H.Schallig@KIT.nl, and P.Mens@KIT.nl. Christian M. Tahita and Halidou Tinto, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé 01 BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, E-mails: marctahita@yahoo.fr and tintohalidou@yahoo.fr. Maminata Traoré/Coulibaly, Department of Mephatra/Pharmacy, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé–Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, BP 545 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Umberto D'Alessandro, Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia, E-mail: traore_maminata@yahoo.fr.