Riddle MS, Sanders JW, Putnam SD, Tribble DR, 2006. Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (US military and similar populations): a systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 891– 900.
Agtini MD, Soeharno R, Lesmana M, Punjabi NH, Simanjuntak C, Wangsasaputra F, Nurdin D, Pulungsih SP, Rofiq A, Santoso H, Pujarwoto H, Sjahrurachman A, Sudarmono P, Von Seidlein L, Deen JL, Ali M, Lee H, Kim DR, Han O, Park JK, Suwandono A, Ingerani, Oyofo BA, Campbell JR, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, Clemens JD, 2005. The burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in North Jakarta, Indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 5: 89– 100.
Jones FR, Sanchez JL, Meza R, Batsel TM, Burga R, Canal E, Block K, Perez J, Bautista CT, Escobedo J, Walz SE, 2004. Short report: high incidence of shigellosis among Peruvian soldiers deployed in the Amazon River basin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 663– 665.
Thornton SA, Sherman SS, Farkas T, Zhong W, Torres P, Jiang X, 2005. Gastroenteritis in US Marines during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clin Infect Dis 40: 519– 525.
Kolavic SA, Kimura A, Simons SL, Slutsker L, Barth S, Haley CE, 1997. An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. JAMA 278: 396– 398.
Anon , 1995. Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis: what happened in Goma, Zaire, in July, 1994? Goma Epidemiology Group. Lancet 345: 339– 344.
Buysse JM, Hartman AB, Strockbine N, Venkatesan M, 1995. Genetic polymorphism of the ipaH multicopy antigen gene in Shigella spps. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 19: 335– 349.
Karaolis DK, Lan R, Reeves PR, 1994. Sequence variation in Shigella sonnei (Sonnei), a pathogenic clone of Escherichia coli, over four continents and 41 years. J Clin Microbiol 32: 796– 802.
Soldati L, Piffaretti JC, 1991. Molecular typing of Shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. Res Microbiol 142: 489– 498.
Coimbra RS, Grimont F, Grimont PA, 1999. Identification of Shigella serotypes by restriction of amplified O-antigen gene cluster. Res Microbiol 150: 543– 553.
Liu PY, Lau YJ, Hu BS, Shyr JM, Shi ZY, Tsai WS, Lin YH, Tseng CY, 1995. Analysis of clonal relationships among isolates of Shigella sonnei by different molecular typing methods. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1779– 1783.
Navia MM, Capitano L, Ruiz J, Vargas M, Urassa H, Schellemberg D, Gascon J, Vila J, 1999. Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. J Clin Microbiol 37: 3113– 3117.
Bando SY, do Valle GR, Martinez MB, Trabulsi LR, Moreira-Filho CA, 1998. Characterization of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella strains by RAPD analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 165: 159– 165.
Kosek M, Yori PP, Pan WK, Olortegui MP, Gilman RH, Perez J, Chavez CB, Sanchez GM, Burga R, Hall E, 2008. Epidemiology of highly endemic multiply antibiotic-resistant shigellosis in children in the Peruvian Amazon. Pediatrics 122: e541– e549.
Hunter PR, Gaston MA, 1988. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 26: 2465– 2466.
Grundmann H, Hori S, Tanner G, 2001. Determining confidence intervals when measuring genetic diversity and the discriminatory abilities of typing methods for microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4190– 4192.
Surdeanu M, Ciudin L, Pencu E, Straut M, 2003. Comparative study of three different DNA fingerprint techniques for molecular typing of Shigella flexneri strains isolated in Romania. Eur J Epidemiol 18: 703– 710.
Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B, 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 33: 2233– 2239.
Wilson LA, Sharp PM, 2006. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences in Escherichia coli: Evolution and implications for ERIC-PCR. Mol Biol Evol 23: 1156– 1168.
Finger SA, Velapatino B, Kosek M, Santivanez L, Dailidiene D, Quino W, Balqui J, Herrera P, Berg DE, Gilman RH, 2006. Effectiveness of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for Helicobacter pylori strain differentiation. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 4713– 4716.
Drinka PJ, Stemper ME, Gauerke CD, Miller JM, Reed KD, 2004. The identification of genetically related bacterial isolates using pulsed field gel electrophoresis on nursing home units: a clinical experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 52: 1373– 1377.
Dalla-Costa LM, Irino K, Rodrigues J, Rivera IN, Trabulsi LR, 1998. Characterisation of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli clones by ribotyping and ERIC-PCR. J Med Microbiol 47: 227– 234.
Manges AR, Natarajan P, Solberg OD, Dietrich PS, Riley LW, 2006. The changing prevalence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal groups in a community: evidence for community outbreaks of urinary tract infections. Epidemiol Infect 134: 425– 431.
Silbert S, Pfaller MA, Hollis RJ, Barth AL, Sader HS, 2004. Evaluation of three molecular typing techniques for nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25: 847– 851.
Davin-Regli A, Bollet C, Chamorey E, Colonna D'istria V, Cremieux A, 1998. A cluster of cases of infections due to Aeromonas hydrophila revealed by combined RAPD and ERIC-PCR. J Med Microbiol 47: 499– 504.
Wong HC, Lin CH, 2001. Evaluation of typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus by three PCR methods using specific primers. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4233– 4240.
Gazouli M, Kaufmann ME, Tzelepi E, Dimopoulou H, Paniara O, Tzouvelekis LS, 1997. Study of an outbreak of cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general hospital. J Clin Microbiol 35: 508– 510.
Souza RA, Pitondo-Silva A, Falcao DP, Falcao JP, 2010. Evaluation of four molecular typing methodologies as tools for determining taxonomy relations and for identifying species among Yersinia isolates. J Microbiol Methods 82: 141– 150.
Sander A, Ruess M, Bereswill S, Schuppler M, Steinbrueckner B, 1998. Comparison of different DNA fingerprinting techniques for molecular typing of Bartonella henselae isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2973– 2981.
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To evaluate the performance of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) typing versus the current standard for the typing of Shigella pulsed gel electrophoresis (PFGE), we typed 116 Shigella isolates from a village in an endemic setting over a 20-month period using both methods. PFGE identified 37 pulse types and had a discrimination index of 0.925 (95% confidence interval = 0.830–1.00), whereas ERIC-PCR identified 42 types and had a discrimination index of 0.961 (95% confidence interval = 0.886–1.00). PFGE and ERIC-PCR showed a 90.4% correlation in the designation of isolates as clonal or non-clonal in pairwise comparisons. Both systems were highly reproducible and provided highly similar and supplementary data compared with serotyping regarding the transmission dynamics of shigellosis in this community. ERIC-PCR is considerably more rapid and inexpensive than PFGE and may have a complementary role to PFGE for initial investigations of hypothesized outbreaks in resource-limited settings.
Authors' addresses: Margaret Kosek, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: mkosek@jhsph.edu. Pablo Peñataro Yori, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Laboratorio de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Lima, Peru, E-mail: pyori@jhsph.edu. Robert H. Gilman, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: rgilman@jhsph.edu. Henry Vela and Maritza Calderon, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Herediam, Laboratorio de Investigacion y Desarrollo, Lima, Peru, E-mails: hjvela@gmail.com and mcalderon@yahoo.es. Maribel Paredes Olortegui and Cesar Banda Chavez, Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Investigaciones Biomedicas, Iquitos, Peru, E-mails: mparedeso@prisma.org.pe and cbandac@prisma.org.pe. Juan Perez Bao, Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Biostatistics, Lima, Peru, E-mail: juan.perez@med.navy.mil. Eric Hall, Ryan Maves, and Rosa Burga, Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Microbiology, Lima, Peru, E-mails: eric.hall@med.navy.mil, ryan.maves@med.navy.mil, and rosaburga@gmail.com. Graciela Meza Sanchez, Ministry of Health, Loreto, Villa Punchana, Peru, E-mail: gracielamezasanchez@yahoo.com.
Riddle MS, Sanders JW, Putnam SD, Tribble DR, 2006. Incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (US military and similar populations): a systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 891– 900.
Agtini MD, Soeharno R, Lesmana M, Punjabi NH, Simanjuntak C, Wangsasaputra F, Nurdin D, Pulungsih SP, Rofiq A, Santoso H, Pujarwoto H, Sjahrurachman A, Sudarmono P, Von Seidlein L, Deen JL, Ali M, Lee H, Kim DR, Han O, Park JK, Suwandono A, Ingerani, Oyofo BA, Campbell JR, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, Clemens JD, 2005. The burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in North Jakarta, Indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 5: 89– 100.
Jones FR, Sanchez JL, Meza R, Batsel TM, Burga R, Canal E, Block K, Perez J, Bautista CT, Escobedo J, Walz SE, 2004. Short report: high incidence of shigellosis among Peruvian soldiers deployed in the Amazon River basin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 663– 665.
Thornton SA, Sherman SS, Farkas T, Zhong W, Torres P, Jiang X, 2005. Gastroenteritis in US Marines during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clin Infect Dis 40: 519– 525.
Kolavic SA, Kimura A, Simons SL, Slutsker L, Barth S, Haley CE, 1997. An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. JAMA 278: 396– 398.
Anon , 1995. Public health impact of Rwandan refugee crisis: what happened in Goma, Zaire, in July, 1994? Goma Epidemiology Group. Lancet 345: 339– 344.
Buysse JM, Hartman AB, Strockbine N, Venkatesan M, 1995. Genetic polymorphism of the ipaH multicopy antigen gene in Shigella spps. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 19: 335– 349.
Karaolis DK, Lan R, Reeves PR, 1994. Sequence variation in Shigella sonnei (Sonnei), a pathogenic clone of Escherichia coli, over four continents and 41 years. J Clin Microbiol 32: 796– 802.
Soldati L, Piffaretti JC, 1991. Molecular typing of Shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. Res Microbiol 142: 489– 498.
Coimbra RS, Grimont F, Grimont PA, 1999. Identification of Shigella serotypes by restriction of amplified O-antigen gene cluster. Res Microbiol 150: 543– 553.
Liu PY, Lau YJ, Hu BS, Shyr JM, Shi ZY, Tsai WS, Lin YH, Tseng CY, 1995. Analysis of clonal relationships among isolates of Shigella sonnei by different molecular typing methods. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1779– 1783.
Navia MM, Capitano L, Ruiz J, Vargas M, Urassa H, Schellemberg D, Gascon J, Vila J, 1999. Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. J Clin Microbiol 37: 3113– 3117.
Bando SY, do Valle GR, Martinez MB, Trabulsi LR, Moreira-Filho CA, 1998. Characterization of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella strains by RAPD analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 165: 159– 165.
Kosek M, Yori PP, Pan WK, Olortegui MP, Gilman RH, Perez J, Chavez CB, Sanchez GM, Burga R, Hall E, 2008. Epidemiology of highly endemic multiply antibiotic-resistant shigellosis in children in the Peruvian Amazon. Pediatrics 122: e541– e549.
Hunter PR, Gaston MA, 1988. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 26: 2465– 2466.
Grundmann H, Hori S, Tanner G, 2001. Determining confidence intervals when measuring genetic diversity and the discriminatory abilities of typing methods for microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4190– 4192.
Surdeanu M, Ciudin L, Pencu E, Straut M, 2003. Comparative study of three different DNA fingerprint techniques for molecular typing of Shigella flexneri strains isolated in Romania. Eur J Epidemiol 18: 703– 710.
Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B, 1995. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 33: 2233– 2239.
Wilson LA, Sharp PM, 2006. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences in Escherichia coli: Evolution and implications for ERIC-PCR. Mol Biol Evol 23: 1156– 1168.
Finger SA, Velapatino B, Kosek M, Santivanez L, Dailidiene D, Quino W, Balqui J, Herrera P, Berg DE, Gilman RH, 2006. Effectiveness of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for Helicobacter pylori strain differentiation. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 4713– 4716.
Drinka PJ, Stemper ME, Gauerke CD, Miller JM, Reed KD, 2004. The identification of genetically related bacterial isolates using pulsed field gel electrophoresis on nursing home units: a clinical experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 52: 1373– 1377.
Dalla-Costa LM, Irino K, Rodrigues J, Rivera IN, Trabulsi LR, 1998. Characterisation of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli clones by ribotyping and ERIC-PCR. J Med Microbiol 47: 227– 234.
Manges AR, Natarajan P, Solberg OD, Dietrich PS, Riley LW, 2006. The changing prevalence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal groups in a community: evidence for community outbreaks of urinary tract infections. Epidemiol Infect 134: 425– 431.
Silbert S, Pfaller MA, Hollis RJ, Barth AL, Sader HS, 2004. Evaluation of three molecular typing techniques for nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25: 847– 851.
Davin-Regli A, Bollet C, Chamorey E, Colonna D'istria V, Cremieux A, 1998. A cluster of cases of infections due to Aeromonas hydrophila revealed by combined RAPD and ERIC-PCR. J Med Microbiol 47: 499– 504.
Wong HC, Lin CH, 2001. Evaluation of typing of vibrio parahaemolyticus by three PCR methods using specific primers. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4233– 4240.
Gazouli M, Kaufmann ME, Tzelepi E, Dimopoulou H, Paniara O, Tzouvelekis LS, 1997. Study of an outbreak of cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a general hospital. J Clin Microbiol 35: 508– 510.
Souza RA, Pitondo-Silva A, Falcao DP, Falcao JP, 2010. Evaluation of four molecular typing methodologies as tools for determining taxonomy relations and for identifying species among Yersinia isolates. J Microbiol Methods 82: 141– 150.
Sander A, Ruess M, Bereswill S, Schuppler M, Steinbrueckner B, 1998. Comparison of different DNA fingerprinting techniques for molecular typing of Bartonella henselae isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2973– 2981.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1691 | 1452 | 61 |
Full Text Views | 586 | 17 | 5 |
PDF Downloads | 190 | 13 | 5 |