ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Means TK, Wang S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ, 1999. Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 163 : 3920– 3927.
-
2.
Brightbill HD, Libraty DH, Krutzik SR, Yang RB, Belisle JT, Bleharski JR, Maitland M, Norgard MV, Plevy SE, Smale ST, Brennan PJ, Bloom BR, Godowski PJ, Modlin RL, 1999. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science 285 : 732– 736.
-
3.
van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, van der Meer JW, 2002. Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 15 : 294– 309.
-
4.
Ulrichs T, Porcelli SA, 2000. CD1 proteins: targets of T cell recognition in innate and adaptive immunity. Rev Immunogenet 2 : 416– 432.
-
5.
Havlir DV, Ellner JJ, Chervenak KA, Boom WH, 1991. Selective expansion of human gamma delta T cells by monocytes infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 87 : 729– 733.
-
6.
Boom WH, Canaday DH, Fulton SA, Gehring AJ, Rojas RE, Torres M, 2003. Human immunity to M. tuberculosis: T cell subsets and antigen processing. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 83 : 98– 106.
-
7.
Meraviglia S, El Daker S, Dieli F, Martini F, Martino A, 2011. Gammadelta T cells cross-link innate and adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Dev Immunol [Epub January 5, 2011].
-
8.
Rojas RE, Chervenak KA, Thomas J, Morrow J, Nshuti L, Zalwango S, Mugerwa RD, Thiel BA, Whalen CC, Boom WH, 2005. Vdelta2+ gammadelta T cell function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and HIV-1-positive patients in the United States and Uganda: application of a whole-blood assay. J Infect Dis 192 : 1806– 1814.
-
9.
Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto M, Jones-Lopez EC, Maganda A, Chiunda A, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Bukenya G, Whalen CC, 2003. Tuberculosis in household contacts of infectious cases in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Epidemiol 158 : 887– 898.
-
10.
Whalen CC, Chiunda A, Zalwango S, Nshuti L, Jones-Lopez E, Okwera A, Hirsch C, Peters P, Boom WH, Mugerwa RD, 2006. Immune correlates of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in household contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 : 55– 61.
-
11.
Falk A, O'Connor JB, Pratt PC, 1969. Classification of pulmonary tuberculosis. Falk A, O'Connor JB, Webb JA, Wier JA, Wolinsky E, eds. Diagnosis Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis. Volume 12. New York: National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, 68– 76.
-
12.
Noss EH, Pai RK, Sellati TJ, Radolf JD, Belisle J, Golenbock DT, Boom WH, Harding CV, 2001. Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inhibition of macrophage class II MHC expression and antigen processing by 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 167 : 910– 918.
-
13.
Sonnenberg MG, Belisle JT, 1997. Definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and electrospray mass spectrometry. Infect Immun 65 : 4515– 4524.
-
14.
Newport MJ, Huxley CM, Huston S, Hawrylowicz CM, Oostra BA, Williamson R, Levin M, 1996. A mutation in the interferon-gamma-receptor gene and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. N Engl J Med 335 : 1941– 1949.
-
15.
Rojas RE, Torres M, Fournie JJ, Harding CV, Boom WH, 2002. Phosphoantigen presentation by macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis–reactive Vgamma9Vdelta2+ T cells: modulation by chloroquine. Infect Immun 70 : 4019– 4027.
-
16.
Saiga H, Shimada Y, Takeda K, 2011. Innate immune effectors in mycobacterial infection. Clin Dev Immunol [Epub January 12, 2011].
-
17.
Chang JS, Huggett JF, Dheda K, Kim LU, Zumla A, Rook GA, 2006. Myobacterium tuberculosis induces selective up-regulation of TLRs in the mononuclear leukocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. J Immunol 176 : 3010– 3018.
-
18.
Zhang Y, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang T, Shen Q, Yu Y, Cao X, 2009. Immune complex/Ig negatively regulate TLR4-triggered inflammatory response in macrophages through Fc gamma RIIb-dependent PGE2 production. J Immunol 182 : 554– 562.
-
19.
Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ, 2000. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 406 : 782– 787.
-
20.
Hoft DF, Brown RM, Roodman ST, 1998. Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination enhances human gamma delta T cell responsiveness to mycobacteria suggestive of a memory-like phenotype. J Immunol 161 : 1045– 1054.
-
21.
Lee J, Choi K, Olin MR, Cho SN, Molitor TW, 2004. Gammadelta T cells in immunity induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Infect Immun 72 : 1504– 1511.
-
22.
Hussain R, Talat N, Shahid F, Dawood G, 2009. Biomarker changes associated with Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) conversion: a two-year longitudinal follow-up study in exposed household contacts. PLoS ONE 4: e7444.
-
23.
Hill PC, Brookes RH, Fox A, Fielding K, Jeffries DJ, Jackson-Sillah D, Lugos MD, Owiafe PK, Donkor SA, Hammond AS, Otu JK, Corrah T, Adegbola RA, McAdam KP, 2004. Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in The Gambia. Clin Infect Dis 38 : 966– 973.
-
24.
Hussain R, Talat N, Shahid F, Dawood G, 2007. Longitudinal tracking of cytokines after acute exposure to tuberculosis: association of distinct cytokine patterns with protection and disease development. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14 : 1578– 1586.
-
25.
Schierloh P, Yokobori N, Aleman M, Landoni V, Geffner L, Musella RM, Castagnino J, Baldini M, Abbate E, de la Barrera SS, Sasiain MC, 2007. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced gamma interferon production by natural killer cells requires cross talk with antigen-presenting cells involving Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and the mannose receptor in tuberculous pleurisy. Infect Immun 75 : 5325– 5337.
-
26.
Mahomed H, Hawkridge T, Verver S, Abrahams D, Geiter L, Hatherill M, Ehrlich R, Hanekom WA, Hussey GD, 2011. The tuberculin skin test versus QuantiFERON TB Gold in predicting tuberculosis disease in an adolescent cohort study in South Africa. PLoS ONE 6 : e17984.
-
27.
Mudido PM, Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto MK, Bukenya GB, Nsamba D, Johnson JL, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Whalen CC, 1999. The effect of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination at birth on tuberculin skin test reactivity in Ugandan children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3 : 891– 895.
-
28.
Joos TJ, Miller WC, Murdoch DM, 2006. Tuberculin reactivity in bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccinated populations: a compilation of international data. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 : 883– 891.
-
29.
Menzies D, 1999. Interpretation of repeated tuberculin tests. Boosting, conversion, and reversion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 : 15– 21.
-
30.
Farhat M, Greenaway C, Pai M, Menzies D, 2006. False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 : 1192– 1204.
-
31.
Black GF, Thiel BA, Ota MO, Parida SK, Adegbola R, Boom WH, Dockrell HM, Franken KL, Friggen AH, Hill PC, Klein MR, Lalor MK, Mayanja H, Schoolnik G, Stanley K, Weldingh K, Kaufmann SH, Walzl G, Ottenhoff TH, 2009. Immunogenicity of novel DosR regulon-encoded candidate antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three high-burden populations in Africa. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16 : 1203– 1212.
-
32.
Lienhardt C, Fielding K, Sillah J, Tunkara A, Donkor S, Manneh K, Warndorff D, McAdam KP, Bennett S, 2003. Risk factors for tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a contact study in The Gambia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 : 448– 455.
-
33.
de Jong BC, Hill PC, Aiken A, Awine T, Antonio M, Adetifa IM, Jackson-Sillah DJ, Fox A, Deriemer K, Gagneux S, Borgdorff MW, McAdam KP, Corrah T, Small PM, Adegbola RA, 2008. Progression to active tuberculosis, but not transmission, varies by Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage in The Gambia. J Infect Dis 198 : 1037– 1043.
-
34.
Stein CM, 2011. Genetic epidemiology of tuberculosis susceptibility: impact of study design. PLoS Pathog 7 : e1001189.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Acute M. tuberculosis Infection in Adult Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda
C. Scott Mahan
C. Scott Mahan
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Sarah Zalwango
Sarah Zalwango
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Bonnie A. Thiel
Bonnie A. Thiel
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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LaShaunda L. Malone
LaShaunda L. Malone
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Keith A. Chervenak
Keith A. Chervenak
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Joy Baseke
Joy Baseke
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Dennis Dobbs
Dennis Dobbs
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Catherine M. Stein
Catherine M. Stein
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Harriet Mayanja
Harriet Mayanja
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Moses Joloba
Moses Joloba
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Christopher C. Whalen
Christopher C. Whalen
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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W. Henry Boom
W. Henry Boom
Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Makerere University College of Medical Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, for the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU)
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Contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients are at risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Because most infections are controlled, studies during MTB infection provide insight into protective immunity. We compared immune responses of adult household contacts that did and did not convert the tuberculin skin test (TST). Innate and adaptive immune responses were measured by whole blood assay. Responses of TST converters (TSTC) were compared with persistently TST negative contacts (PTST–) and contacts who were TST+ at baseline (TST+). TLR-2, TLR-4, and IFN-γR responses to IFN-γ did not differ between the groups, nor did γδ T cell responses. T cell responses to MTB antigens differed markedly among TSTC, PTST–, and TST+ contacts. Thus, no differences in innate responses were found among the three household contact groups. However, adaptive T cell responses to MTB antigens did differ before and during MTB infection among PTST–, TSTC, and TST+ contacts.
Author Notes
Financial support: This project has been funded in whole by the Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU), established with Federal funds from the United States National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the United States National Institutes of Health and Human Services, under contract no. HHSN266200700022C/NO1-AI-70022 and N01-AI-95383.
Authors' addresses: C. Scott Mahan, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: csmahan@gmail.com. Sarah Zalwango, Joy Baseke, Dennis Dobbs, Harriet Mayanja, and Moses Joloba, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, and Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda, E-mails: szalwango@mucwru.org, basekejoy@yahoo.com, dennisdobbs@gmail.com, hmk@mucwru.or.ug, and immuno@jcrc.co.ug. Bonnie A. Thiel, LaShaunda L. Malone, Keith A. Chervenak, Catherine M. Stein, and W. Henry Boom, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, E-mails: bat2@case.edu, llm19@case.edu, kac2@case.edu, catherine.stein@case.edu, and whb@case.edu. Christopher C. Whalen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, E-mail: ccwhalen@uga.edu.
Reprint requests: C. Scott Mahan, Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109; Tel: 216-778-7829; Fax: 216-778-8877; E-mail: csmahan@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Means TK, Wang S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ, 1999. Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 163 : 3920– 3927.
-
2.
Brightbill HD, Libraty DH, Krutzik SR, Yang RB, Belisle JT, Bleharski JR, Maitland M, Norgard MV, Plevy SE, Smale ST, Brennan PJ, Bloom BR, Godowski PJ, Modlin RL, 1999. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science 285 : 732– 736.
-
3.
van Crevel R, Ottenhoff TH, van der Meer JW, 2002. Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 15 : 294– 309.
-
4.
Ulrichs T, Porcelli SA, 2000. CD1 proteins: targets of T cell recognition in innate and adaptive immunity. Rev Immunogenet 2 : 416– 432.
-
5.
Havlir DV, Ellner JJ, Chervenak KA, Boom WH, 1991. Selective expansion of human gamma delta T cells by monocytes infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 87 : 729– 733.
-
6.
Boom WH, Canaday DH, Fulton SA, Gehring AJ, Rojas RE, Torres M, 2003. Human immunity to M. tuberculosis: T cell subsets and antigen processing. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 83 : 98– 106.
-
7.
Meraviglia S, El Daker S, Dieli F, Martini F, Martino A, 2011. Gammadelta T cells cross-link innate and adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Dev Immunol [Epub January 5, 2011].
-
8.
Rojas RE, Chervenak KA, Thomas J, Morrow J, Nshuti L, Zalwango S, Mugerwa RD, Thiel BA, Whalen CC, Boom WH, 2005. Vdelta2+ gammadelta T cell function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and HIV-1-positive patients in the United States and Uganda: application of a whole-blood assay. J Infect Dis 192 : 1806– 1814.
-
9.
Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto M, Jones-Lopez EC, Maganda A, Chiunda A, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Bukenya G, Whalen CC, 2003. Tuberculosis in household contacts of infectious cases in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Epidemiol 158 : 887– 898.
-
10.
Whalen CC, Chiunda A, Zalwango S, Nshuti L, Jones-Lopez E, Okwera A, Hirsch C, Peters P, Boom WH, Mugerwa RD, 2006. Immune correlates of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in household contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 : 55– 61.
-
11.
Falk A, O'Connor JB, Pratt PC, 1969. Classification of pulmonary tuberculosis. Falk A, O'Connor JB, Webb JA, Wier JA, Wolinsky E, eds. Diagnosis Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis. Volume 12. New York: National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, 68– 76.
-
12.
Noss EH, Pai RK, Sellati TJ, Radolf JD, Belisle J, Golenbock DT, Boom WH, Harding CV, 2001. Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inhibition of macrophage class II MHC expression and antigen processing by 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 167 : 910– 918.
-
13.
Sonnenberg MG, Belisle JT, 1997. Definition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and electrospray mass spectrometry. Infect Immun 65 : 4515– 4524.
-
14.
Newport MJ, Huxley CM, Huston S, Hawrylowicz CM, Oostra BA, Williamson R, Levin M, 1996. A mutation in the interferon-gamma-receptor gene and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. N Engl J Med 335 : 1941– 1949.
-
15.
Rojas RE, Torres M, Fournie JJ, Harding CV, Boom WH, 2002. Phosphoantigen presentation by macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis–reactive Vgamma9Vdelta2+ T cells: modulation by chloroquine. Infect Immun 70 : 4019– 4027.
-
16.
Saiga H, Shimada Y, Takeda K, 2011. Innate immune effectors in mycobacterial infection. Clin Dev Immunol [Epub January 12, 2011].
-
17.
Chang JS, Huggett JF, Dheda K, Kim LU, Zumla A, Rook GA, 2006. Myobacterium tuberculosis induces selective up-regulation of TLRs in the mononuclear leukocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. J Immunol 176 : 3010– 3018.
-
18.
Zhang Y, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang T, Shen Q, Yu Y, Cao X, 2009. Immune complex/Ig negatively regulate TLR4-triggered inflammatory response in macrophages through Fc gamma RIIb-dependent PGE2 production. J Immunol 182 : 554– 562.
-
19.
Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ, 2000. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 406 : 782– 787.
-
20.
Hoft DF, Brown RM, Roodman ST, 1998. Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination enhances human gamma delta T cell responsiveness to mycobacteria suggestive of a memory-like phenotype. J Immunol 161 : 1045– 1054.
-
21.
Lee J, Choi K, Olin MR, Cho SN, Molitor TW, 2004. Gammadelta T cells in immunity induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Infect Immun 72 : 1504– 1511.
-
22.
Hussain R, Talat N, Shahid F, Dawood G, 2009. Biomarker changes associated with Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) conversion: a two-year longitudinal follow-up study in exposed household contacts. PLoS ONE 4: e7444.
-
23.
Hill PC, Brookes RH, Fox A, Fielding K, Jeffries DJ, Jackson-Sillah D, Lugos MD, Owiafe PK, Donkor SA, Hammond AS, Otu JK, Corrah T, Adegbola RA, McAdam KP, 2004. Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in The Gambia. Clin Infect Dis 38 : 966– 973.
-
24.
Hussain R, Talat N, Shahid F, Dawood G, 2007. Longitudinal tracking of cytokines after acute exposure to tuberculosis: association of distinct cytokine patterns with protection and disease development. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14 : 1578– 1586.
-
25.
Schierloh P, Yokobori N, Aleman M, Landoni V, Geffner L, Musella RM, Castagnino J, Baldini M, Abbate E, de la Barrera SS, Sasiain MC, 2007. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced gamma interferon production by natural killer cells requires cross talk with antigen-presenting cells involving Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and the mannose receptor in tuberculous pleurisy. Infect Immun 75 : 5325– 5337.
-
26.
Mahomed H, Hawkridge T, Verver S, Abrahams D, Geiter L, Hatherill M, Ehrlich R, Hanekom WA, Hussey GD, 2011. The tuberculin skin test versus QuantiFERON TB Gold in predicting tuberculosis disease in an adolescent cohort study in South Africa. PLoS ONE 6 : e17984.
-
27.
Mudido PM, Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto MK, Bukenya GB, Nsamba D, Johnson JL, Mugerwa RD, Ellner JJ, Whalen CC, 1999. The effect of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination at birth on tuberculin skin test reactivity in Ugandan children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3 : 891– 895.
-
28.
Joos TJ, Miller WC, Murdoch DM, 2006. Tuberculin reactivity in bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccinated populations: a compilation of international data. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 : 883– 891.
-
29.
Menzies D, 1999. Interpretation of repeated tuberculin tests. Boosting, conversion, and reversion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 : 15– 21.
-
30.
Farhat M, Greenaway C, Pai M, Menzies D, 2006. False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10 : 1192– 1204.
-
31.
Black GF, Thiel BA, Ota MO, Parida SK, Adegbola R, Boom WH, Dockrell HM, Franken KL, Friggen AH, Hill PC, Klein MR, Lalor MK, Mayanja H, Schoolnik G, Stanley K, Weldingh K, Kaufmann SH, Walzl G, Ottenhoff TH, 2009. Immunogenicity of novel DosR regulon-encoded candidate antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three high-burden populations in Africa. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16 : 1203– 1212.
-
32.
Lienhardt C, Fielding K, Sillah J, Tunkara A, Donkor S, Manneh K, Warndorff D, McAdam KP, Bennett S, 2003. Risk factors for tuberculosis infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a contact study in The Gambia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 : 448– 455.
-
33.
de Jong BC, Hill PC, Aiken A, Awine T, Antonio M, Adetifa IM, Jackson-Sillah DJ, Fox A, Deriemer K, Gagneux S, Borgdorff MW, McAdam KP, Corrah T, Small PM, Adegbola RA, 2008. Progression to active tuberculosis, but not transmission, varies by Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage in The Gambia. J Infect Dis 198 : 1037– 1043.
-
34.
Stein CM, 2011. Genetic epidemiology of tuberculosis susceptibility: impact of study design. PLoS Pathog 7 : e1001189.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
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