- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Clinical and epidemiologic features
- Serum antibody responses to C. parvum p23
- Serum antibody responses to p23 in cases with acute versus persistent diarrhea
- Correlation of serum antibody responses to p23 with those to C. parvum gp15 and C. parvum lysate
- Analysis of p23 polymorphisms among infecting Cryptosporidium spp. subtypes
- Discussion
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Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh
Anoli J. Borad
Anoli J. Borad
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Geneve M. Allison
Geneve M. Allison
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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David Wang
David Wang
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sabeena Ahmed
Sabeena Ahmed
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mohammad M. Karim
Mohammad M. Karim
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Anne V. Kane
Anne V. Kane
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Joy Moy
Joy Moy
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Patricia L. Hibberd
Patricia L. Hibberd
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gagandeep Kang
Gagandeep Kang
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Stephen B. Calderwood
Stephen B. Calderwood
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Edward T. Ryan
Edward T. Ryan
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Elena Naumova
Elena Naumova
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wasif A. Khan
Wasif A. Khan
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Honorine D. Ward
Honorine D. Ward
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries. However, there is no vaccine available and little is known about immune responses to protective antigens. We investigated antibody responses to p23, a putative vaccine candidate, in children in Bangladesh with cryptosporidiosis and diarrhea (cases) and uninfected children with diarrhea (controls), and p23 gene polymorphisms in infecting species. Serum IgM, IgG, and IgA responses to p23 were significantly greater in cases than controls after three weeks of follow-up. Cases with acute diarrhea had significantly greater serum IgA and IgM responses than those with persistent diarrhea, which suggested an association with protection from prolonged disease. The p23 sequences were relatively conserved among infecting species and subtype families. Although most children were infected with Cryptosporidium hominis, there was a cross-reactive antibody response to C. parvum antigen. These results support further development of p23 as a vaccine candidate.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by an opportunity pool grant and in part by grants UO1 AI45508, U01 AI058935, and RO1 AI52786 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and K24 AT003683 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NIH. Anoli J. Borad was supported by T32 AI007438, and Geneve M. Allison was supported by T32 AI07389 from NIAID, NIH.
Authors' addresses: Anoli J. Borad, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, E-mail: anoli.borad@yale.edu. Geneve M. Allison, Anne V. Kane, Joy Moy, and Honorine D. Ward, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, E-mails: gallison@tuftsmedicalcenter.org, akane@tuftsmedicalcenter.org, joy.moy@gmail.com, and hward@tuftsmedicalcenter.org. David Wang, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, E-mail: david.e.wang@gmail.com. Sabeena Ahmed, Mohammad M. Karim, and Wasif A. Khan, Clinical Sciences Division, Centre for Health and Population Research, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mails: mahbubul@icddrb.org, sabeena@hotmail.com, and wakhan@icddrb.org. Patricia L. Hibberd, Division of Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: phibberd@partners.org. Sitara Swarna Rao Ajjampur and Gagandeep Kang, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, E-mails: sitararao@cmcvellore.ac.in and gkang@cmcvellore.ac.in. Stephen B. Calderwood and Edward T. Ryan, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mails: scalderwood@partners.org and etryan@partners.org. Elena Naumova, Tufts Initiative for the Forecasting and Modeling of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, E-mail: elena.naumova@tufts.edu.
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Clinical and epidemiologic features
- Serum antibody responses to C. parvum p23
- Serum antibody responses to p23 in cases with acute versus persistent diarrhea
- Correlation of serum antibody responses to p23 with those to C. parvum gp15 and C. parvum lysate
- Analysis of p23 polymorphisms among infecting Cryptosporidium spp. subtypes
- Discussion
ProCite
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EndNote
-
1.
Collinet-Adler S, Ward HD, 2010. Cryptosporidiosis: environmental, therapeutic, and preventive challenges. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29: 927–935.
-
2.
Leav BA, Mackay M, Ward HD, 2003. Cryptosporidium species: new insights and old challenges. Clin Infect Dis 36: 903–908.
-
3.
Dillingham RA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, 2002. Cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology and impact. Microbes Infect 4: 1059–1066.
-
4.
Huang DB, White AC, 2006. An updated review on Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 35: 291–314.
-
5.
Snelling WJ, Xiao L, Ortega-Pierres G, Lowery CJ, Moore JE, Rao JR, Smyth S, Millar BC, Rooney PJ, Matsuda M, Kenny F, Xu J, Dooley JS, 2007. Cryptosporidiosis in developing countries. J Infect Dev Ctries 1: 242–256.
-
6.
Borad A, Ward H, 2010. Human immune responses in cryptosporidiosis. Future Microbiol 5: 507–519.
-
7.
O'Connor RM, Shaffie R, Kang G, Ward HD, 2011. Cryptosporidiosis in patients with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 25: 549–560.
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