Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Helmick CG, Bernard KW, D'Angelo LJ, 1984. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of 262 cases. J Infect Dis 150: 480–488.
-
2.
Dantas-Torres F, 2007. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 724–732.
-
3.
Rucker WC, 1912. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Public Health Rep 27: 1465–1482.
-
4.
Donohue JF, 1980. Lower respiratory tract involvement in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med 140: 223–227.
-
5.
Walker DH, Mattern WD, 1979. Acute renal failure in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med 139: 443–448.
-
6.
Bleck TP, 1999. Central nervous system involvement in Rickettsial diseases. Neurol Clin 17: 801–812.
-
7.
Openshaw JJ, Swerdlow DL, Krebs JW, Holman RC, Mandel E, Harvey A, Haberling D, Massung RF, McQuiston JH, 2010. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 2000–2007: interpreting contemporary increases in incidence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 174–182.
-
8.
McQuiston JH, Holman RC, Groom AV, Kaufman SF, Cheek JE, Childs JE, 2000. Incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among American Indians in Oklahoma. Public Health Rep 115: 469–475.
-
9.
Holman RC, McQuiston JH, Haberling DL, Cheek JE, 2009. Increasing incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among the American Indian population in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 601–605.
-
10.
Demma LJ, Holman RC, Mikosz CA, Curns AT, Swerdlow DL, Paisano EL, Cheek JE, 2006. Rocky Mountain spotted fever hospitalizations among American Indians. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 537–541.
-
11.
Dalton MJ, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, Krebs JW, Fishbein DB, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1995. National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1981–1992: epidemiologic summary and evaluation of risk factors for fatal outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 405–413.
-
12.
Chapman AS, Bakken JS, Folk SM, Paddock CD, Bloch KC, Krusell A, Sexton DJ, Buckingham SC, Marshall GS, Storch GA, Dasch GA, McQuiston JH, Swerdlow DL, Dumler SJ, Nicholson WL, Walker DH, Eremeeva ME, Ohl CA, 2006. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis–United States: a practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionals. MMWR Recomm Rep 55: 1–27.
-
13.
Treadwell TA, Holman RC, Clarke MJ, Krebs JW, Paddock CD, Childs JE, 2000. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1993–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63: 21–26.
-
14.
Demma LJ, Traeger MS, Nicholson WL, Paddock CD, Blau DM, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Levin ML, Singleton J Jr, Zaki SR, Cheek JE, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2005. Rocky Mountain spotted fever from an unexpected tick vector in Arizona. N Engl J Med 353: 587–594.
-
15.
Healthcare Cost and Utlization Project (HCUP), 2011. HCUP NIS Database Documentation. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/nation/nis/nisdbdocumentation.jsp. Accessed August 18, 2011.
-
16.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2011. National Hospital Discharge Survey. Hyattsville, MD. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds.htmAccessed August 18, 2011.
-
17.
Baldwin LM, Hollow WB, Casey S, Hart LG, Larson EH, Moore K, Lewis E, Andrilla CH, Grossman DC, 2008. Access to specialty health care for rural American Indians in two states. J Rural Health 24: 269–278.
-
18.
Cunningham PJ, Cornelius LJ, 1995. Access to ambulatory care for American Indians and Alaska Natives; the relative importance of personal and community resources. Soc Sci Med 40: 393–407.
-
19.
Centers for Disease Control, 1993. Classification of American Indian race on birth and infant death certificates–California and Montana. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42: 220–223.
-
20.
Epstein M, Moreno R, Bacchetti P, 1997. The underreporting of deaths of American Indian children in California, 1979 through 1993. Am J Public Health 87: 1363–1366.
-
21.
Hahn RA, Mulinare J, Teutsch SM, 1992. Inconsistencies in coding of race and ethnicity between birth and death in US infants. A new look at infant mortality, 1983 through 1985. JAMA 267: 259–263.
-
22.
Thoroughman DA, Frederickson D, Cameron HD, Shelby LK, Cheek JE, 2002. Racial misclassification of American Indians in Oklahoma State surveillance data for sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Epidemiol 155: 1137–1141.
-
23.
Indian Health Service, 2010. Direct/CHS Inpatient data: All-diseases, Fiscal years 2001–2009, National Patient Information Reporting System. Albuquerque, NM: Indian Health Service. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/NDW/. Accessed February 1, 2011.
-
24.
Indian Health Service, 2010. Outpatient Visit Data: All-diseases, Fiscal years 2001–2009. National Patient Information Reporting System. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/NDW/. Accessed February 1, 2011.
-
25.
Indian Health Service, 2008. Regional Differences in Indian Health, 2002–2003. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
26.
Kaufman SF, 1998. Utilization of IHS and Tribal Direct and Contract General Hospitals, FY 1996 and US Non-Federal Short-Stay Hospitals, 1996. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
27.
Public Health Service and Health Care Financing Administration, 2008. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [CD-ROM]. Sixth edition. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services.
-
28.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) (Rickettsia rickettsii) 2008 Case Definition. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/nndss/casedef/rocky2008.htm. Accessed December 1, 2010.
-
29.
Indian Health Service, 2009. Trends in Indian Health 2002–2003. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
30.
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizam A, 1998. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Third edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Press.
-
31.
Lehmann E, 1975. Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. San Francisco, CA: Holden-Day Inc.
-
32.
Chen LF, Sexton DJ, 2008. What's new in Rocky Mountain spotted fever? Infect Dis Clin North Am 22: 415–432.
-
33.
Holman RC, Curns AT, Kaufman SF, Cheek JE, Pinner RW, Schonberger LB, 2001. Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health 91: 425–431.
-
34.
Holman RC, Curns AT, Cheek JE, Singleton RJ, Anderson LJ, Pinner RW, 2003. Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska native infants. Pediatrics 111: E176–E182.
-
35.
Demma LJ, Traeger M, Blau D, Gordon R, Johnson B, Dickson J, Ethelbah R, Piontkowski S, Levy C, Nicholson WL, Duncan C, Heath K, Cheek J, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2006. Serologic evidence for exposure to Rickettsia rickettsii in eastern Arizona and recent emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in this region. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 423–429.
-
36.
McQuiston JH, Guerra MA, Watts MR, Lawaczeck E, Levy C, Nicholson WL, Adjemian J, Swerdlow DL, 2011. Evidence of exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae among Arizona dogs outside a previously documented outbreak area. Zoonoses Public Health 58: 85–92.
-
37.
Beugnet F, Kolasinski M, Michelangeli PA, Vienne J, Loukos H, 2011. Mathematical modelling of the impact of climatic conditions in France on Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick activity and density since 1960. Geospat Health 5: 255–263.
-
38.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
-
39.
Jhung MA, Banerjee SN, 2009. Administrative coding data and health care-associated infections. Clin Infect Dis 49: 949–955.
-
40.
Schweizer ML, Eber MR, Laxminarayan R, Furuno JP, Popovich KJ, Hota B, Rubin MA, Perencevich EN, 2011. Validity of ICD-9-CM coding for identifying incident methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: is MRSA infection coded as a chronic disease? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32: 148–154.
-
41.
White RH, Brickner LA, Scannell KA, 2004. ICD-9-CM codes poorly indentified venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. J Clin Epidemiol 57: 985–988.
-
42.
Penman-Aguilar A, Tucker MJ, Groom AV, Reilley BA, Klepacki S, Cullen T, Gebremariam C, Redd JT, 2011. Validation of algorithm to identify American Indian/Alaska Native pregnant women at risk from pandemic H1N1 influenza. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204: S46–S53.
-
43.
Wilson C, Susan L, Lynch A, Saria R, Peterson D, 2001. Patients with diagnosed diabetes mellitus can be accurately identified in an Indian Health Service patient registration database. Public Health Rep 116: 45–50.
-
44.
Sickbert-Bennett EE, Weber DJ, Poole C, MacDonald PD, Maillard JM, 2010. Utility of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for communicable disease surveillance. Am J Epidemiol 172: 1299–1305.
-
45.
Carpenter CF, Gandhi TK, Kong LK, Corey GR, Chen SM, Walker DH, Dumler JS, Breitschwerdt E, Hegarty B, Sexton DJ, 1999. The incidence of ehrlichial and rickettsial infection in patients with unexplained fever and recent history of tick bite in central North Carolina. J Infect Dis 180: 900–903.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 340 | 96 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 94 | 22 | 0 |
Trends in Clinical Diagnoses of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever among American Indians, 2001–2008
Arianne M. Folkema
Arianne M. Folkema
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, and Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Office of Public Health Support, Indian Health Service Headquarters, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Robert C. Holman
Robert C. Holman
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, and Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Office of Public Health Support, Indian Health Service Headquarters, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Jennifer H. McQuiston
Jennifer H. McQuiston
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, and Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Office of Public Health Support, Indian Health Service Headquarters, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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James E. Cheek
James E. Cheek
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, and Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Office of Public Health Support, Indian Health Service Headquarters, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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American Indians are at greater risk for Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) than the general U.S. population. The epidemiology of RMSF among American Indians was examined by using Indian Health Service inpatient and outpatient records with an RMSF International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis. For 2001–2008, 958 American Indian patients with clinical diagnoses of RMSF were reported. The average annual RMSF incidence was 94.6 per 1,000,000 persons, with a significant increasing incidence trend from 24.2 in 2001 to 139.4 in 2008 (P = 0.006). Most (89%) RMSF hospital visits occurred in the Southern Plains and Southwest regions, where the average annual incidence rates were 277.2 and 49.4, respectively. Only the Southwest region had a significant increasing incidence trend (P = 0.005), likely linked to the emergence of brown dog ticks as an RMSF vector in eastern Arizona. It is important to continue monitoring RMSF infection to inform public health interventions that target RMSF reduction in high-risk populations.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Arianne M. Folkema and Robert C. Holman, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: afolkema@cdc.gov and rholman@cdc.gov. Jennifer McQuiston, Division of Vectorborne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: jmcquiston@cdc.gov. James E. Cheek, Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention Office of Public Health Support Indian Health Service Headquarters, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Albuquerque, NM, E-mail: james.cheek@ihs.gov
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Helmick CG, Bernard KW, D'Angelo LJ, 1984. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of 262 cases. J Infect Dis 150: 480–488.
-
2.
Dantas-Torres F, 2007. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 724–732.
-
3.
Rucker WC, 1912. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Public Health Rep 27: 1465–1482.
-
4.
Donohue JF, 1980. Lower respiratory tract involvement in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med 140: 223–227.
-
5.
Walker DH, Mattern WD, 1979. Acute renal failure in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Arch Intern Med 139: 443–448.
-
6.
Bleck TP, 1999. Central nervous system involvement in Rickettsial diseases. Neurol Clin 17: 801–812.
-
7.
Openshaw JJ, Swerdlow DL, Krebs JW, Holman RC, Mandel E, Harvey A, Haberling D, Massung RF, McQuiston JH, 2010. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 2000–2007: interpreting contemporary increases in incidence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 174–182.
-
8.
McQuiston JH, Holman RC, Groom AV, Kaufman SF, Cheek JE, Childs JE, 2000. Incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among American Indians in Oklahoma. Public Health Rep 115: 469–475.
-
9.
Holman RC, McQuiston JH, Haberling DL, Cheek JE, 2009. Increasing incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among the American Indian population in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 601–605.
-
10.
Demma LJ, Holman RC, Mikosz CA, Curns AT, Swerdlow DL, Paisano EL, Cheek JE, 2006. Rocky Mountain spotted fever hospitalizations among American Indians. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 537–541.
-
11.
Dalton MJ, Clarke MJ, Holman RC, Krebs JW, Fishbein DB, Olson JG, Childs JE, 1995. National surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 1981–1992: epidemiologic summary and evaluation of risk factors for fatal outcome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 405–413.
-
12.
Chapman AS, Bakken JS, Folk SM, Paddock CD, Bloch KC, Krusell A, Sexton DJ, Buckingham SC, Marshall GS, Storch GA, Dasch GA, McQuiston JH, Swerdlow DL, Dumler SJ, Nicholson WL, Walker DH, Eremeeva ME, Ohl CA, 2006. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis–United States: a practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionals. MMWR Recomm Rep 55: 1–27.
-
13.
Treadwell TA, Holman RC, Clarke MJ, Krebs JW, Paddock CD, Childs JE, 2000. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States, 1993–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63: 21–26.
-
14.
Demma LJ, Traeger MS, Nicholson WL, Paddock CD, Blau DM, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA, Levin ML, Singleton J Jr, Zaki SR, Cheek JE, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2005. Rocky Mountain spotted fever from an unexpected tick vector in Arizona. N Engl J Med 353: 587–594.
-
15.
Healthcare Cost and Utlization Project (HCUP), 2011. HCUP NIS Database Documentation. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/nation/nis/nisdbdocumentation.jsp. Accessed August 18, 2011.
-
16.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2011. National Hospital Discharge Survey. Hyattsville, MD. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhds.htmAccessed August 18, 2011.
-
17.
Baldwin LM, Hollow WB, Casey S, Hart LG, Larson EH, Moore K, Lewis E, Andrilla CH, Grossman DC, 2008. Access to specialty health care for rural American Indians in two states. J Rural Health 24: 269–278.
-
18.
Cunningham PJ, Cornelius LJ, 1995. Access to ambulatory care for American Indians and Alaska Natives; the relative importance of personal and community resources. Soc Sci Med 40: 393–407.
-
19.
Centers for Disease Control, 1993. Classification of American Indian race on birth and infant death certificates–California and Montana. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42: 220–223.
-
20.
Epstein M, Moreno R, Bacchetti P, 1997. The underreporting of deaths of American Indian children in California, 1979 through 1993. Am J Public Health 87: 1363–1366.
-
21.
Hahn RA, Mulinare J, Teutsch SM, 1992. Inconsistencies in coding of race and ethnicity between birth and death in US infants. A new look at infant mortality, 1983 through 1985. JAMA 267: 259–263.
-
22.
Thoroughman DA, Frederickson D, Cameron HD, Shelby LK, Cheek JE, 2002. Racial misclassification of American Indians in Oklahoma State surveillance data for sexually transmitted diseases. Am J Epidemiol 155: 1137–1141.
-
23.
Indian Health Service, 2010. Direct/CHS Inpatient data: All-diseases, Fiscal years 2001–2009, National Patient Information Reporting System. Albuquerque, NM: Indian Health Service. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/NDW/. Accessed February 1, 2011.
-
24.
Indian Health Service, 2010. Outpatient Visit Data: All-diseases, Fiscal years 2001–2009. National Patient Information Reporting System. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service. Available at: http://www.ihs.gov/NDW/. Accessed February 1, 2011.
-
25.
Indian Health Service, 2008. Regional Differences in Indian Health, 2002–2003. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
26.
Kaufman SF, 1998. Utilization of IHS and Tribal Direct and Contract General Hospitals, FY 1996 and US Non-Federal Short-Stay Hospitals, 1996. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
27.
Public Health Service and Health Care Financing Administration, 2008. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [CD-ROM]. Sixth edition. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services.
-
28.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) (Rickettsia rickettsii) 2008 Case Definition. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncphi/disss/nndss/casedef/rocky2008.htm. Accessed December 1, 2010.
-
29.
Indian Health Service, 2009. Trends in Indian Health 2002–2003. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service.
-
30.
Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizam A, 1998. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Third edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Press.
-
31.
Lehmann E, 1975. Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. San Francisco, CA: Holden-Day Inc.
-
32.
Chen LF, Sexton DJ, 2008. What's new in Rocky Mountain spotted fever? Infect Dis Clin North Am 22: 415–432.
-
33.
Holman RC, Curns AT, Kaufman SF, Cheek JE, Pinner RW, Schonberger LB, 2001. Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health 91: 425–431.
-
34.
Holman RC, Curns AT, Cheek JE, Singleton RJ, Anderson LJ, Pinner RW, 2003. Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska native infants. Pediatrics 111: E176–E182.
-
35.
Demma LJ, Traeger M, Blau D, Gordon R, Johnson B, Dickson J, Ethelbah R, Piontkowski S, Levy C, Nicholson WL, Duncan C, Heath K, Cheek J, Swerdlow DL, McQuiston JH, 2006. Serologic evidence for exposure to Rickettsia rickettsii in eastern Arizona and recent emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in this region. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 423–429.
-
36.
McQuiston JH, Guerra MA, Watts MR, Lawaczeck E, Levy C, Nicholson WL, Adjemian J, Swerdlow DL, 2011. Evidence of exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae among Arizona dogs outside a previously documented outbreak area. Zoonoses Public Health 58: 85–92.
-
37.
Beugnet F, Kolasinski M, Michelangeli PA, Vienne J, Loukos H, 2011. Mathematical modelling of the impact of climatic conditions in France on Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick activity and density since 1960. Geospat Health 5: 255–263.
-
38.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
-
39.
Jhung MA, Banerjee SN, 2009. Administrative coding data and health care-associated infections. Clin Infect Dis 49: 949–955.
-
40.
Schweizer ML, Eber MR, Laxminarayan R, Furuno JP, Popovich KJ, Hota B, Rubin MA, Perencevich EN, 2011. Validity of ICD-9-CM coding for identifying incident methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: is MRSA infection coded as a chronic disease? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32: 148–154.
-
41.
White RH, Brickner LA, Scannell KA, 2004. ICD-9-CM codes poorly indentified venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. J Clin Epidemiol 57: 985–988.
-
42.
Penman-Aguilar A, Tucker MJ, Groom AV, Reilley BA, Klepacki S, Cullen T, Gebremariam C, Redd JT, 2011. Validation of algorithm to identify American Indian/Alaska Native pregnant women at risk from pandemic H1N1 influenza. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204: S46–S53.
-
43.
Wilson C, Susan L, Lynch A, Saria R, Peterson D, 2001. Patients with diagnosed diabetes mellitus can be accurately identified in an Indian Health Service patient registration database. Public Health Rep 116: 45–50.
-
44.
Sickbert-Bennett EE, Weber DJ, Poole C, MacDonald PD, Maillard JM, 2010. Utility of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for communicable disease surveillance. Am J Epidemiol 172: 1299–1305.
-
45.
Carpenter CF, Gandhi TK, Kong LK, Corey GR, Chen SM, Walker DH, Dumler JS, Breitschwerdt E, Hegarty B, Sexton DJ, 1999. The incidence of ehrlichial and rickettsial infection in patients with unexplained fever and recent history of tick bite in central North Carolina. J Infect Dis 180: 900–903.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 340 | 96 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 94 | 22 | 0 |