Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
2.
Bailey M, Lockwood DN, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Dermatol 25: 203–211.
-
3.
Campino L, Pratlong F, Abranches P, Rioux JA, Santos-Gomes G, Alves-Pires C, Cortes S, Ramada J, Cristovão JM, Afonso MO, Dedet JP, 2006. Leishmaniasis in Portugal: enzyme polymorphism of Leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1708–1714.
-
4.
Antoniou M, Haralambous C, Mazeris A, Pratlong F, Dedet JP, Soteriadou K, 2009. Leishmania donovani leishmaniasis in Cyprus. Lancet Infect Dis 9: 76–77.
-
5.
Akkafa F, Dilmec F, Alpua Z, 2008. Identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical samples obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using PCR-RFLP technique in endemic region, Sanliurfa Province, in Turkey. Parasitol Res 103: 583–586.
-
6.
Al-Hucheimi SN, Sultan BA, Al-Dhalimi MA, 2009. A comparative study of the diagnosis of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq by polymerase chain reaction and microbiologic and histopathologic methods. Int J Dermatol 48: 404–408.
-
7.
Bhutto AM, Soomro FR, Baloch JH, Matsumoto J, Uezato H, Hashiguchi Y, Katakura K, 2009. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) major infection in Sindh province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 111: 295–298.
-
8.
Katakura K, 2009. Molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Asia (focus on cutaneous infections). Curr Opin Infect Dis 22: 126–130.
-
9.
Gadisa E, Genetu A, Kuru T, Jirata D, Dagne K, Aseffa A, Gedamu L, 2007. Leishmania (Kinetoplastida): species typing with isoenzyme and PCR-RFLP from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Ethiopia. Exp Parasitol 115: 339–343.
-
10.
Rhajaoui M, Nasereddin A, Fellah H, Azmi K, Amarir F, Al-Jawabreh A, Ereqat S, Planer J, Abdeen Z, 2007. New clinico-epidemiologic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1358–1360.
-
11.
Benmously-Mlika R, Fenniche S, Kerkeni N, Aoun K, Khedim A, Mokhtar I, 2008. Primary Leishmania infantum MON-80 endonasal leishmaniasis in Tunisia [in French]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 135: 389–392.
-
12.
Gontijo B, de Carvalho ML, 2003. American cutaneous leishmaniasis [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 71–80.
-
13.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
14.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, 2007. Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future applications. J Clin Microbiol 45: 21–25.
-
15.
Noyes HA, Reyburn H, Bailey JW, Smith D, 1998. A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2877–2881.
-
16.
de Bruijn MH, Barker DC, 1992. Diagnosis of New World leishmaniasis: specific detection of species of the Leishmania braziliensis complex by amplification of kinetoplast DNA. Acta Trop 52: 45–58.
-
17.
Scarisbrick JJ, Chiodini PL, Watson J, Moody A, Armstrong M, Lockwood D, Bryceson A, Vega-López F, 2006. Clinical features and diagnosis of 42 travellers with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Travel Med Infect Dis 4: 14–21.
-
18.
Faber WR, Becht M, van Ginkel CJ, van der Kaay HJ, Vermeer BJ, Kager PA, 1991. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in 49 patients in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 135: 229–233.
-
19.
Zeegelaar JE, Steketee WH, van Thiel PP, Wetsteyn JC, Kager PA, Faber WR, 2005. Changing pattern of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Netherlands. Clin Exp Dermatol 30: 1–5.
-
20.
Lawn SD, Whetham J, Chiodini PL, Kanagalingam J, Watson J, Behrens RH, Lockwood DN, 2004. New world mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging health problem among British travellers. QJM 97: 781–788.
-
21.
Faber WR, Oskam L, van Gool T, Kroon NC, Knegt-Junk KJ, Hofwegen H, van der Wal AC, Kager PA, 2003. Value of diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 49: 70–74.
-
22.
Seaton RA, Morrison J, Man I, Watson J, Nathwani D, 1999. Out-patient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a viable option for the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis. QJM 92: 659–667.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 61 | 61 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 100 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 24 | 1 |
Epidemiology of Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom: Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify the Species
Emma C. Wall
Emma C. Wall
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Julie Watson
Julie Watson
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Margaret Armstrong
Margaret Armstrong
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Peter L. Chiodini
Peter L. Chiodini
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Diana N. Lockwood
Diana N. Lockwood
Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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This study reviewed all patients diagnosed with imported cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London, United Kingdom, over an 11-year period. Diagnostic and epidemiologic information was collected prospectively for all patients with imported CL to this hospital during 1998–2009. A total of 223 patients were given a diagnosis of CL. Ninety patients were diagnosed with Old World CL, which was caused most commonly by Leishmania donovani complex (n = 20). A total of 71% were tourists to the Mediterranean region, 36% were migrants or visiting friends and relatives, and 17% were soldiers. One hundred thirty-three patients were given a diagnosis of New World CL. The Leishmania subgenus Viannia caused 97 of these cases; 44% of these were in backpackers and 29% were in soldiers. Polymerase chain reaction was more sensitive and faster for detecting Leishmania DNA (86% for Old World CL and 96% for New World CL) than culture. This is the largest study of imported leishmaniasis, and demonstrates that tourists to the Mediterranean and backpackers in Central and South America are at risk for this disease.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Special Trustees of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases. Margaret Armstrong is supported by The Special Trustees of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases. All authors are supported by the University College London Hospitals Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Infection Theme. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Disclosure: None of the authors have any conflicts of interests.
Authors' addresses: Emma C. Wall and Margaret Armstrong, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom, E-mails: emma.wall@doctors.org.uk and Margaret.Armstrong@uclh.nhs.uk. Julie Watson, Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom, E-mail: Julie.Watson@uclh.nhs.uk. Peter L. Chiodini, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom, Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdfom, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, E-mail: Peter.Chiodini@uclh.nhs.uk. Diana N. Lockwood, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market Centre, Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, United Kingdom and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, E-mail: Diana.Lockwood@lshtm.ac.uk.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
2.
Bailey M, Lockwood DN, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Dermatol 25: 203–211.
-
3.
Campino L, Pratlong F, Abranches P, Rioux JA, Santos-Gomes G, Alves-Pires C, Cortes S, Ramada J, Cristovão JM, Afonso MO, Dedet JP, 2006. Leishmaniasis in Portugal: enzyme polymorphism of Leishmania infantum based on the identification of 213 strains. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1708–1714.
-
4.
Antoniou M, Haralambous C, Mazeris A, Pratlong F, Dedet JP, Soteriadou K, 2009. Leishmania donovani leishmaniasis in Cyprus. Lancet Infect Dis 9: 76–77.
-
5.
Akkafa F, Dilmec F, Alpua Z, 2008. Identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical samples obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using PCR-RFLP technique in endemic region, Sanliurfa Province, in Turkey. Parasitol Res 103: 583–586.
-
6.
Al-Hucheimi SN, Sultan BA, Al-Dhalimi MA, 2009. A comparative study of the diagnosis of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iraq by polymerase chain reaction and microbiologic and histopathologic methods. Int J Dermatol 48: 404–408.
-
7.
Bhutto AM, Soomro FR, Baloch JH, Matsumoto J, Uezato H, Hashiguchi Y, Katakura K, 2009. Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) major infection in Sindh province, Pakistan. Acta Trop 111: 295–298.
-
8.
Katakura K, 2009. Molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Asia (focus on cutaneous infections). Curr Opin Infect Dis 22: 126–130.
-
9.
Gadisa E, Genetu A, Kuru T, Jirata D, Dagne K, Aseffa A, Gedamu L, 2007. Leishmania (Kinetoplastida): species typing with isoenzyme and PCR-RFLP from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Ethiopia. Exp Parasitol 115: 339–343.
-
10.
Rhajaoui M, Nasereddin A, Fellah H, Azmi K, Amarir F, Al-Jawabreh A, Ereqat S, Planer J, Abdeen Z, 2007. New clinico-epidemiologic profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1358–1360.
-
11.
Benmously-Mlika R, Fenniche S, Kerkeni N, Aoun K, Khedim A, Mokhtar I, 2008. Primary Leishmania infantum MON-80 endonasal leishmaniasis in Tunisia [in French]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 135: 389–392.
-
12.
Gontijo B, de Carvalho ML, 2003. American cutaneous leishmaniasis [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 71–80.
-
13.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
14.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, 2007. Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future applications. J Clin Microbiol 45: 21–25.
-
15.
Noyes HA, Reyburn H, Bailey JW, Smith D, 1998. A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2877–2881.
-
16.
de Bruijn MH, Barker DC, 1992. Diagnosis of New World leishmaniasis: specific detection of species of the Leishmania braziliensis complex by amplification of kinetoplast DNA. Acta Trop 52: 45–58.
-
17.
Scarisbrick JJ, Chiodini PL, Watson J, Moody A, Armstrong M, Lockwood D, Bryceson A, Vega-López F, 2006. Clinical features and diagnosis of 42 travellers with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Travel Med Infect Dis 4: 14–21.
-
18.
Faber WR, Becht M, van Ginkel CJ, van der Kaay HJ, Vermeer BJ, Kager PA, 1991. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in 49 patients in The Netherlands [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 135: 229–233.
-
19.
Zeegelaar JE, Steketee WH, van Thiel PP, Wetsteyn JC, Kager PA, Faber WR, 2005. Changing pattern of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Netherlands. Clin Exp Dermatol 30: 1–5.
-
20.
Lawn SD, Whetham J, Chiodini PL, Kanagalingam J, Watson J, Behrens RH, Lockwood DN, 2004. New world mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging health problem among British travellers. QJM 97: 781–788.
-
21.
Faber WR, Oskam L, van Gool T, Kroon NC, Knegt-Junk KJ, Hofwegen H, van der Wal AC, Kager PA, 2003. Value of diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 49: 70–74.
-
22.
Seaton RA, Morrison J, Man I, Watson J, Nathwani D, 1999. Out-patient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: a viable option for the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis. QJM 92: 659–667.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 61 | 61 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 100 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 24 | 1 |