Author:
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Desjeux P, 1996. Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and contro. Clin Dermatol 14: 417–423.
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2.
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Dujardin JP, Le PF, Cruz M, Tarrieu LF, Guderian R, Echeverria R, Tibayrenc M, 1996. Cryptic speciation in Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) trapidoi (Fairchild & Hertig) (Diptera: Psychodidae) detected by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 42–45.
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Miranda MC, 2006. El conflicto colombiano y la leishmaniasis. Biomedica 27: 29.
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Rotureau B, 2006. Ecology of the Leishmania species in the Guianan ecoregion complex. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 81–96.
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Shaw J, 1997. Ecological and evolutionary pressures on leishmanial parasites. Braz J Genet 20: 123–128.
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Martínez LP, Rebollo JA, Luna AL, Cochero S, Bejarano EE, 2010. Molecular identification of the parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Parasitol Res 106: 647–652.
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Rodríguez-Barraquer I, Gongora R, Prager M, Pacheco R, Montero LM, Navas A, Ferro C, Miranda MC, Saravia NG, 2008. Etiologic agent of an epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tolima, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 276–282.
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Zambrano P, 2007. Comportamiento de la leishmaniasis en Colombia. Biomedica 27: 83–84.
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Zambrano P, 2009. Comportamiento de los casos de leishmania notificados al sivigila hasta en el año 2009. Informe Epidemiológico Leishmaniasis Periodo Epidemiológico XIII Actualización de casos a Marzo 31 de 2009. Instituto Nacional de Salud.
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SIVIGILA, 2009. Boletín Epidemiológico Naciona SIVIGILA/ Epidemiologia/ Estadística. Leishmaniasis. Available at: www.minproteccionsociagov.co/salud. Accessed February 25, 2011.
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Pardo RH, Cabrera OL, Becerra J, Fuya P, Ferro C, 2006. Lutzomyia longiflocosa as suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the sub-andean region of Tolima department, Colombia, and the knowledge on sandflies by the inhabitants. Biomedica 26: 95–108.
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Morales D, Castaño C, Lozano E, Vallejo H, 2004. Descripción de la epidemia de leishmaniasis cutánea en Chaparral y San Antonio, 2003 y 2004 (semana 24). Inf Quinc Epidemiol Nac 9: 180–186.
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Miranda MC, 2007. Perspectivas actuales en leishmaniasis cutánea en Colombia. Biomedica 27: 84–85.
-
17.
Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N, Ferro C, Cadena H, Marin D, Holford TR, Munstermann LE, Ocampo CB, 2010. Environmental risk factors for the incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sub-Andean zone of Colombia (Chaparral, Tolima). Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 243–250.
-
18.
Saravia NG, Segura I, Holguín AF, Santrich C, Valderrama L, Ocampo C, 1998. Epidemiologic, genetic, and clinical associations among phenotypically distinct populations of Leishmania (Viannia) in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 86–94.
-
19.
Saravia NG, Weigle K, Navas C, Segura I, Valderrama L, Valencia AZ, Escorcia B, McMahon-Pratt D, 2002. Heterogeneity, geographic distribution, and pathogenicity of serodemes of Leishmania (Viannia) in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 738–744.
-
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Vásquez-Trujillo A, González A, Góngora A, Cabrera O, Santamaría E, Buitrago L, 2008. Identification of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in dogs in rural area municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Orinoquía 12: 173–181.
-
21.
Pardo R, Ferro C, Lozano G, Lozano C, Cabrera O, Davies C, 1999. Flebótomos (Diptera: Psychodidae) vectores de leishmaniasis cutánea y sus determinantes ecológicos en la zona cafetera del departamento del Huila. Memorias XXVI Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología. Editorial Guadalupe Ltda., Bogotá, Colombia, 147–163.
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22.
Cárdenas R, Pabón E, Anaya H, Sandoval C, 2005. Presencia de Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) en el foco de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana del municipio de Ábrego, Norte de Santander. Primer registro para el departamento. Clone 3: 7–14.
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Cárdenas R, Romo G, Santamaría E, Bello F, Ferro C, 1999. Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) posible vector en el foco de leishmaniasis cutánea del municipio de Planadas, zona cafetera del Tolima. Biomedica 19: 239–244.
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Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Diuk-Wasser M, 2008. Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, USA: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia. J Med Entomol 45: 1143–1151.
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Phlebotomine Vector Ecology in the Domestic Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Chaparral, Colombia
Cristina Ferro
Cristina Ferro
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dairo Marín
Dairo Marín
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Rafael Góngora
Rafael Góngora
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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María C. Carrasquilla
María C. Carrasquilla
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Jorge E. Trujillo
Jorge E. Trujillo
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Norma K. Rueda
Norma K. Rueda
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Jaime Marín
Jaime Marín
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Carlos Valderrama-Ardila
Carlos Valderrama-Ardila
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Neal Alexander
Neal Alexander
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Mauricio Pérez
Mauricio Pérez
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Leonard E. Munstermann
Leonard E. Munstermann
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Clara B. Ocampo
Clara B. Ocampo
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia; Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia; Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Phlebotomine vector ecology was studied in the largest recorded outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia in 2004. In two rural townships that had experienced contrasting patterns of case incidence, this study evaluated phlebotomine species composition, seasonal abundance, nocturnal activity, blood source, prevalence of Leishmania infection, and species identification. CDC miniature light traps were used to trap the phlebotomines. Traps were set indoors, peridomestically, and in woodlands. Natural infection was determined in pools by polymerase chain reaction–Southern blot, and blood sources and species identification were determined by sequencing. Large differences were observed in population abundance between the two townships evaluated. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most abundant species (83.1%). Abundance was higher during months with lower precipitation. Nocturnal activity was associated with human domestic activity. Blood sources identified were mainly human (85%). A high prevalence of infection was found in L. longiflocosa indoors (2.7%) and the peridomestic setting (2.5%). L. longiflocosa was responsible for domestic transmission in Chaparral.
Author Notes
Financial support: The study was supported by US National Institutes of Health, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, International Collaboration in Infectious Disease Research Program Grant U19 AI065866. This project also received financial support from National Institutes of Health/John E. Fogarty International Grant D43 TW006589-02.
Authors' addresses: Cristina Ferro and María C. Carrasquilla, Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mails: crisferrovela@gmail.com and mccarrasquilla@yahoo.es. Dairo Marín, Jorge E. Trujillo, and Norma K. Rueda, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas and Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: dairohmarin@yahoo.com, doctorjorge01@hotmail.com, and hotori23@hotmail.com. Rafael Góngora, Jaime Marín, Neal Alexander, Mauricio Pérez, and Clara B. Ocampo, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: rafael_gongora@cideim.org.co, chapujaime@hotmail.com, nalexander@cideim.org.co, mauricioperez@cideim.org.co, and claraocampo@cideim.org.co. Carlos Valderrama-Ardila, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia, E-mail: cvalderrama@icesi.edu.co. Leonard E. Munstermann, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, E-mail: leonard.munstermann@yale.edu.
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Desjeux P, 1996. Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and contro. Clin Dermatol 14: 417–423.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2008. Report of the Consultative Meeting on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Geneva. Neglected Tropical Diseases Innovative and Intensified Disease Management Leishmaniasis Control Programme. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1–31.
-
3.
Davies CR, Reithinger R, Campbell-Lendrum D, Feliciangeli D, Borges R, Rodriguez N, 2000. The epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis in Andean countries. Cad Saude Publica 16: 925–950.
-
4.
Dujardin JP, Le PF, Cruz M, Tarrieu LF, Guderian R, Echeverria R, Tibayrenc M, 1996. Cryptic speciation in Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) trapidoi (Fairchild & Hertig) (Diptera: Psychodidae) detected by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 42–45.
-
5.
Miranda MC, 2006. El conflicto colombiano y la leishmaniasis. Biomedica 27: 29.
-
6.
Rotureau B, 2006. Ecology of the Leishmania species in the Guianan ecoregion complex. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 81–96.
-
7.
Shaw J, 1997. Ecological and evolutionary pressures on leishmanial parasites. Braz J Genet 20: 123–128.
-
8.
Banuls AL, Hide M, Prugnolle F, 2007. Leishmania and the leishmaniases: a parasite genetic update and advances in taxonomy, epidemiology and pathogenicity in humans. Adv Parasitol 64: 1–109.
-
9.
Martínez LP, Rebollo JA, Luna AL, Cochero S, Bejarano EE, 2010. Molecular identification of the parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Parasitol Res 106: 647–652.
-
10.
Rodríguez-Barraquer I, Gongora R, Prager M, Pacheco R, Montero LM, Navas A, Ferro C, Miranda MC, Saravia NG, 2008. Etiologic agent of an epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tolima, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 276–282.
-
11.
Zambrano P, 2007. Comportamiento de la leishmaniasis en Colombia. Biomedica 27: 83–84.
-
12.
Zambrano P, 2009. Comportamiento de los casos de leishmania notificados al sivigila hasta en el año 2009. Informe Epidemiológico Leishmaniasis Periodo Epidemiológico XIII Actualización de casos a Marzo 31 de 2009. Instituto Nacional de Salud.
-
13.
SIVIGILA, 2009. Boletín Epidemiológico Naciona SIVIGILA/ Epidemiologia/ Estadística. Leishmaniasis. Available at: www.minproteccionsociagov.co/salud. Accessed February 25, 2011.
-
14.
Pardo RH, Cabrera OL, Becerra J, Fuya P, Ferro C, 2006. Lutzomyia longiflocosa as suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis on the sub-andean region of Tolima department, Colombia, and the knowledge on sandflies by the inhabitants. Biomedica 26: 95–108.
-
15.
Morales D, Castaño C, Lozano E, Vallejo H, 2004. Descripción de la epidemia de leishmaniasis cutánea en Chaparral y San Antonio, 2003 y 2004 (semana 24). Inf Quinc Epidemiol Nac 9: 180–186.
-
16.
Miranda MC, 2007. Perspectivas actuales en leishmaniasis cutánea en Colombia. Biomedica 27: 84–85.
-
17.
Valderrama-Ardila C, Alexander N, Ferro C, Cadena H, Marin D, Holford TR, Munstermann LE, Ocampo CB, 2010. Environmental risk factors for the incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sub-Andean zone of Colombia (Chaparral, Tolima). Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 243–250.
-
18.
Saravia NG, Segura I, Holguín AF, Santrich C, Valderrama L, Ocampo C, 1998. Epidemiologic, genetic, and clinical associations among phenotypically distinct populations of Leishmania (Viannia) in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 86–94.
-
19.
Saravia NG, Weigle K, Navas C, Segura I, Valderrama L, Valencia AZ, Escorcia B, McMahon-Pratt D, 2002. Heterogeneity, geographic distribution, and pathogenicity of serodemes of Leishmania (Viannia) in Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 738–744.
-
20.
Vásquez-Trujillo A, González A, Góngora A, Cabrera O, Santamaría E, Buitrago L, 2008. Identification of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in dogs in rural area municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Orinoquía 12: 173–181.
-
21.
Pardo R, Ferro C, Lozano G, Lozano C, Cabrera O, Davies C, 1999. Flebótomos (Diptera: Psychodidae) vectores de leishmaniasis cutánea y sus determinantes ecológicos en la zona cafetera del departamento del Huila. Memorias XXVI Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología. Editorial Guadalupe Ltda., Bogotá, Colombia, 147–163.
-
22.
Cárdenas R, Pabón E, Anaya H, Sandoval C, 2005. Presencia de Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) en el foco de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana del municipio de Ábrego, Norte de Santander. Primer registro para el departamento. Clone 3: 7–14.
-
23.
Cárdenas R, Romo G, Santamaría E, Bello F, Ferro C, 1999. Lutzomyia longiflocosa (Diptera: Psychodidae) posible vector en el foco de leishmaniasis cutánea del municipio de Planadas, zona cafetera del Tolima. Biomedica 19: 239–244.
-
24.
Young D, Duncan M, 1994. Guide to identification and geographic distribution of Lutzomyia and sand flies in Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psychodidae). Mem Am Entomol Inst 54: 1–881.
-
25.
Galati EAB, 2003. Classificação de Phlebotominae. Rangel E, Lainson R, eds. Flebotomíneos do Brasi. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Fiocruz, 23–51.
-
26.
Ferro C, Morrison AC, Torres M, Pardo R, Wilson ML, Tesh RB, 1995. Species composition and relative abundance of sand flies of the genus Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia. J Med Entomol 32: 527–537.
-
27.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Vossbrinck CR, 2006. Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 468–474.
-
28.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Diuk-Wasser M, 2008. Host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in Connecticut, USA: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia. J Med Entomol 45: 1143–1151.
-
29.
Vergel C, Walker J, Saravia NG, 2005. Amplification of human DNA by primers targeted to Leishmania kinetoplast DNA and post-genome considerations in the detection of parasites by a polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 423–429.
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