Meteorological Factors–Based Spatio-Temporal Mapping and Predicting Malaria in Central China

Fang Huang Malaria Department, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia; Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China

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Shuisen Zhou Malaria Department, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia; Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China

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Shaosen Zhang Malaria Department, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia; Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China

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Hongwei Zhang Malaria Department, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia; Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China

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Weidong Li Malaria Department, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia; Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China

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Despite significant reductions in the overall burden of malaria in the 20th century, this disease still represents a significant public health problem in China, especially in central areas. Understanding the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria is essential in the planning and implementing of effective control measures. In this study, normalized meteorological factors were incorporated in spatio-temporal models. Seven models were established in WinBUGS software by using Bayesian hierarchical models and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. M1, M2, and M3 modeled separate meteorological factors, and M3, which modeled rainfall performed better than M1 and M2, which modeled average temperature and relative humidity, respectively. M7 was the best fitting models on the basis of based on deviance information criterion and predicting errors. The results showed that the way rainfall influencing malaria incidence was different from other factors, which could be interpreted as rainfall having a greater influence than other factors.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Shuisen Zhou, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. E-mail: ccdczss@sh163.net

Financial support: This study was supported by the special social commonweal research programs of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2005 DIB1J092) and the National S. and T. Mayor Project (no. 2008ZX10004-011).

Authors' addresses: Fang Huang, Shuisen Zhou, and Shaosen Zhang, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasia, Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, E-mails: huangfang78@yahoo.com.cn, ccdczss@sh163.net, and shaosen413@163.com. Hongwei Zhang, Department of Parasitology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China, E-mail: zhwei69@163.com. Weidong Li, Department of Parasitology, Anhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of PR China, E-mail: ahcdclwd@163.com.

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