ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Carey DE, Reuben R, Panicker KN, Shope RE, Myers RM, 1971. Thottapalayam virus: a presumptive arbovirus isolated from a shrew in India. Indian J Med Res 59: 1758–1760.
-
2.
Zeller HG, Karabatsos N, Calisher CH, Digoutte J-P, Cropp CB, Murphy FA, Shope RE, 1989. Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. II. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae. Arch Virol 108: 211–227.
-
3.
Song J-W, Baek LJ, Schmaljohn CS, Yanagihara R, 2007. Thottapalayam virus: a prototype shrewborne hantavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 980–985.
-
4.
Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST, 2007. Thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Virol J 4: 80.
-
5.
Klempa B, Fichet-Calvet E, Lecompte E, Auste B, Aniskin V, Meisel H, Barriere P, Koivogui L, ter Meulen J, Krüger DH, 2007. Novel hantavirus sequences in shrew, Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 520–522.
-
6.
Song JW, Kang HJ, Gu SH, Moon SS, Bennett SN, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Kim HC, O'Guinn ML, Chong ST, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, 2009. Characterization of Imjin virus, a newly isolated hantavirus from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura). J Virol 83: 6184–6191.
-
7.
Arai S, Song JW, Sumibcay L, Bennett SN, Nerurkar VR, Parmenter C, Cook JA, Yates TL, Yanagihara R, 2007. Hantavirus in northern short-tailed shrew, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1420–1423.
-
8.
Song JW, Kang HJ, Song KJ, Truong TT, Bennett SN, Arai S, Truong NU, Yanagihara R, 2007. Newfound hantavirus in Chinese mole shrew, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1784–1787.
-
9.
Song JW, Gu SH, Bennett SN, Arai S, Puorger M, Hilbe M, Yanagihara R, 2007. Seewis virus, a genetically distinct hantavirus in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus). Virol J 4: 114.
-
10.
Arai S, Bennett SN, Sumibcay L, Cook JA, Song JW, Hope A, Parmenter C, Nerurkar VR, Yates TL, Yanagihara R, 2008. Phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 348–351.
-
11.
Kang HJ, Arai S, Hope AG, Cook JA, Yanagihara R, 2010. Novel hantavirus in the flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 593–597.
-
12.
Lee HW, Lee P-W, Johnson KM, 1978. Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 137: 298–308.
-
13.
Schmaljohn CS, Hasty SE, Harrison SA, Dalrymple JM, 1983. Characterization of Hantaan virions, the prototype virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis 148: 1005–1012.
-
14.
Gundi VAKB, Kosoy MY, Myint KSA, Shrestha SK, Shrestha MP, Pavlin JA, Gibbons RV, 2010. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella detected in different tissues of small mammals of Nepal. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 8247–8254.
-
15.
Kim HC, Klein TA, Chong ST, Collier BW, Usa M, Yi SC, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Song JW, 2007. Seroepidemiological survey of rodents collected at a U.S. military installation, Yongsan Garrison, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Mil Med 172: 759–764.
-
16.
Gu SH, Kang HJ, Baek LJ, Noh JY, Kim H-C, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2011. Genetic diversity of Imjin virus in the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) in the Republic of Korea, 2004–2010. Virol J 8: 56.
-
17.
Librado P, Rozas J, 2009. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25: 1451–1452.
-
18.
Swofford D, 2003. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
-
19.
Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J, 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst Biol 57: 758–771.
-
20.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
-
21.
Posada D, 2008. jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 25: 1253–1256.
-
22.
Kang HJ, Bennett SN, Dizney L, Sumibcay L, Arai S, Ruedas LA, Song J-W, Yanagihara R, 2009. Host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). Virology 388: 8–14.
-
23.
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Rohl A, 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16: 37–48.
-
24.
Kang HJ, Arai S, Hope AG, Song JW, Cook JA, Yanagihara R, 2009. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Seewis virus in the Eurasian common shrew in Finland and Hungary. Virol J 6: 208.
-
25.
Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Gutorov VV, Dupal TA, Krivopalov AV, Panov VV, Danchinova GA, Vinogradov VV, Luchnikova EM, Hay J, Kang HJ, Yanagihara R, 2010. Seewis virus: phylogeography of a shrew-borne hantavirus in Siberia, Russia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 585–591.
-
26.
Song JW, Baek LJ, Kim SH, Kho EY, Kim JH, Yanagihara R, Song KJ, 2000. Genetic diversity of Apodemus agrarius-borne hantaan virus in Korea. Virus Genes 21: 227–232.
-
27.
Baek LJ, Kariwa H, Lokugamage K, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Takashima I, Kang JI, Moon SS, Chung SY, Kim EJ, Kang HJ, Song K-J, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2006. Soochong virus: an antigenically and genetically distinct hantavirus isolated from Apodemus peninsulae in Korea. J Med Virol 78: 290–297.
-
28.
Plyusnin A, Vapalahti O, Lehvaslaiho H, Apekina N, Mikhailova T, Gavrilovskaya I, Laakkonen J, Niemimaa J, Henttonen H, Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Vaheri A, 1995. Genetic variation of wild Puumala viruses within the serotype, local rodent populations and individual animal. Virus Res 38: 25–41.
-
29.
Plyusnin A, Vapalahti O, Ulfves K, Lehvaslaiho H, Apekina N, Gavrilovskaya I, Blinov V, Vaheri A, 1994. Sequences of wild Puumala virus genes show a correlation of genetic variation with geographic origin of the strains. J Gen Virol 75: 405–409.
-
30.
Song KJ, Baek LJ, Moon S, Ha SJ, Kim SH, Park KS, Klein TA, Sames W, Kim HC, Lee JS, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2007. Muju virus, a novel hantavirus harboured by the arvicolid rodent Myodes regulus in Korea. J Gen Virol 88: 3121–3129.
-
31.
Song JW, Baek LJ, Song KJ, Skrok A, Markowski J, Bratosiewicz-Wasik J, Kordek R, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R, 2004. Characterization of Tula virus from common voles (Microtus arvalis) in Poland: evidence for geographic-specific phylogenetic clustering. Virus Genes 29: 239–247.
-
32.
Arai S, Ohdachi SD, Asakawa M, Kang HJ, Mocz G, Arikawa J, Okabe N, Yanagihara R, 2008. Molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus in the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16296–16301.
-
33.
Murdoch DR, Woods CW, Zimmerman MD, Dull PM, Belbase RH, Keenan AJ, Scott RM, Basnyat B, Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2004. The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 670–675.
-
34.
Blacksell SD, Sharma NP, Phumratanaprapin W, Jenjaroen K, Peacock SJ, White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Day NP, 2007. Serological and blood culture investigations of Nepalese fever patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 686–690.
-
35.
Karkey A, Aryjal A, Basnyat B, Baker S, 2008. Kathmandu, Nepal: still an enteric fever capital of the world. J Infect Dev Ctries 2: 461–465.
-
36.
Okumura M, Yoshimatsu K, Kumperasart S, Nakamura I, Ogino M, Taruishi M, Sungdee A, Pattamadilok S, Ibrahim IN, Erlina S, Agui T, Yanagihara R, Arikawa J, 2007. Development of serological assays for Thottapalayam virus, an insectivore-borne hantavirus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14: 173–181.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2232 | 2086 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 1708 | 19 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 105 | 18 | 1 |
Genetic Diversity of Thottapalayam Virus, a Hantavirus Harbored by the Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus) in Nepal
Hae Ji Kang
Hae Ji Kang
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Michael Y. Kosoy
Michael Y. Kosoy
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sanjaya K. Shrestha
Sanjaya K. Shrestha
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mrigendra P. Shrestha
Mrigendra P. Shrestha
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Julie A. Pavlin
Julie A. Pavlin
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Robert V. Gibbons
Robert V. Gibbons
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Richard Yanagihara
Richard Yanagihara
Department of Pediatrics and Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Virology and Department of Global Emerging Infections, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
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Despite the recent discovery of genetically divergent hantaviruses in shrews of multiple species in widely separated geographic regions, data are unavailable about the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a hantavirus originally isolated from an Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) captured in southern India more than four decades ago. To bridge this knowledge gap, the S, M, and L segments of hantavirus RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from archival lung tissues of Asian house shrews captured in Nepal from January to September 1996. Pair-wise alignment and comparison revealed approximately 80% nucleotide and > 94% amino acid sequence similarity to prototype TPMV. Phylogenetic analyses, generated by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed geographic-specific clustering of TPMV, similar to that observed for rodent- and soricid-borne hantaviruses. These findings confirm that the Asian house shrew is the natural reservoir of TPMV and suggest a long-standing virus–host relationship.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Hae Ji Kang and Richard Yanagihara, Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, E-mails: hyeyun.kang@gmail.com and yanagiha@pbrc.hawaii.edu. Michael Y. Kosoy, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: mck3@cdc.gov. Sanjaya K. Shrestha and Mrigendra P. Shrestha, Research Unit—Nepal, Walter Reed Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal, E-mails: shresthask@afrims.org and shresthamp@afrims.org. Julie A. Pavlin, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, E-mail: japavlin@gmail.com. Robert V. Gibbons, Department of Virology, US Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: Robert.Gibbons@afrims.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Carey DE, Reuben R, Panicker KN, Shope RE, Myers RM, 1971. Thottapalayam virus: a presumptive arbovirus isolated from a shrew in India. Indian J Med Res 59: 1758–1760.
-
2.
Zeller HG, Karabatsos N, Calisher CH, Digoutte J-P, Cropp CB, Murphy FA, Shope RE, 1989. Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. II. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae. Arch Virol 108: 211–227.
-
3.
Song J-W, Baek LJ, Schmaljohn CS, Yanagihara R, 2007. Thottapalayam virus: a prototype shrewborne hantavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 980–985.
-
4.
Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Nichol ST, 2007. Thottapalayam virus is genetically distant to the rodent-borne hantaviruses, consistent with its isolation from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). Virol J 4: 80.
-
5.
Klempa B, Fichet-Calvet E, Lecompte E, Auste B, Aniskin V, Meisel H, Barriere P, Koivogui L, ter Meulen J, Krüger DH, 2007. Novel hantavirus sequences in shrew, Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 520–522.
-
6.
Song JW, Kang HJ, Gu SH, Moon SS, Bennett SN, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Kim HC, O'Guinn ML, Chong ST, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, 2009. Characterization of Imjin virus, a newly isolated hantavirus from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura). J Virol 83: 6184–6191.
-
7.
Arai S, Song JW, Sumibcay L, Bennett SN, Nerurkar VR, Parmenter C, Cook JA, Yates TL, Yanagihara R, 2007. Hantavirus in northern short-tailed shrew, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1420–1423.
-
8.
Song JW, Kang HJ, Song KJ, Truong TT, Bennett SN, Arai S, Truong NU, Yanagihara R, 2007. Newfound hantavirus in Chinese mole shrew, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1784–1787.
-
9.
Song JW, Gu SH, Bennett SN, Arai S, Puorger M, Hilbe M, Yanagihara R, 2007. Seewis virus, a genetically distinct hantavirus in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus). Virol J 4: 114.
-
10.
Arai S, Bennett SN, Sumibcay L, Cook JA, Song JW, Hope A, Parmenter C, Nerurkar VR, Yates TL, Yanagihara R, 2008. Phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 348–351.
-
11.
Kang HJ, Arai S, Hope AG, Cook JA, Yanagihara R, 2010. Novel hantavirus in the flat-skulled shrew (Sorex roboratus). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 593–597.
-
12.
Lee HW, Lee P-W, Johnson KM, 1978. Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 137: 298–308.
-
13.
Schmaljohn CS, Hasty SE, Harrison SA, Dalrymple JM, 1983. Characterization of Hantaan virions, the prototype virus of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Infect Dis 148: 1005–1012.
-
14.
Gundi VAKB, Kosoy MY, Myint KSA, Shrestha SK, Shrestha MP, Pavlin JA, Gibbons RV, 2010. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella detected in different tissues of small mammals of Nepal. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 8247–8254.
-
15.
Kim HC, Klein TA, Chong ST, Collier BW, Usa M, Yi SC, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Song JW, 2007. Seroepidemiological survey of rodents collected at a U.S. military installation, Yongsan Garrison, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Mil Med 172: 759–764.
-
16.
Gu SH, Kang HJ, Baek LJ, Noh JY, Kim H-C, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2011. Genetic diversity of Imjin virus in the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) in the Republic of Korea, 2004–2010. Virol J 8: 56.
-
17.
Librado P, Rozas J, 2009. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25: 1451–1452.
-
18.
Swofford D, 2003. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
-
19.
Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J, 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst Biol 57: 758–771.
-
20.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
-
21.
Posada D, 2008. jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 25: 1253–1256.
-
22.
Kang HJ, Bennett SN, Dizney L, Sumibcay L, Arai S, Ruedas LA, Song J-W, Yanagihara R, 2009. Host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). Virology 388: 8–14.
-
23.
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Rohl A, 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16: 37–48.
-
24.
Kang HJ, Arai S, Hope AG, Song JW, Cook JA, Yanagihara R, 2009. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of Seewis virus in the Eurasian common shrew in Finland and Hungary. Virol J 6: 208.
-
25.
Yashina LN, Abramov SA, Gutorov VV, Dupal TA, Krivopalov AV, Panov VV, Danchinova GA, Vinogradov VV, Luchnikova EM, Hay J, Kang HJ, Yanagihara R, 2010. Seewis virus: phylogeography of a shrew-borne hantavirus in Siberia, Russia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 585–591.
-
26.
Song JW, Baek LJ, Kim SH, Kho EY, Kim JH, Yanagihara R, Song KJ, 2000. Genetic diversity of Apodemus agrarius-borne hantaan virus in Korea. Virus Genes 21: 227–232.
-
27.
Baek LJ, Kariwa H, Lokugamage K, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Takashima I, Kang JI, Moon SS, Chung SY, Kim EJ, Kang HJ, Song K-J, Klein TA, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2006. Soochong virus: an antigenically and genetically distinct hantavirus isolated from Apodemus peninsulae in Korea. J Med Virol 78: 290–297.
-
28.
Plyusnin A, Vapalahti O, Lehvaslaiho H, Apekina N, Mikhailova T, Gavrilovskaya I, Laakkonen J, Niemimaa J, Henttonen H, Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Vaheri A, 1995. Genetic variation of wild Puumala viruses within the serotype, local rodent populations and individual animal. Virus Res 38: 25–41.
-
29.
Plyusnin A, Vapalahti O, Ulfves K, Lehvaslaiho H, Apekina N, Gavrilovskaya I, Blinov V, Vaheri A, 1994. Sequences of wild Puumala virus genes show a correlation of genetic variation with geographic origin of the strains. J Gen Virol 75: 405–409.
-
30.
Song KJ, Baek LJ, Moon S, Ha SJ, Kim SH, Park KS, Klein TA, Sames W, Kim HC, Lee JS, Yanagihara R, Song J-W, 2007. Muju virus, a novel hantavirus harboured by the arvicolid rodent Myodes regulus in Korea. J Gen Virol 88: 3121–3129.
-
31.
Song JW, Baek LJ, Song KJ, Skrok A, Markowski J, Bratosiewicz-Wasik J, Kordek R, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R, 2004. Characterization of Tula virus from common voles (Microtus arvalis) in Poland: evidence for geographic-specific phylogenetic clustering. Virus Genes 29: 239–247.
-
32.
Arai S, Ohdachi SD, Asakawa M, Kang HJ, Mocz G, Arikawa J, Okabe N, Yanagihara R, 2008. Molecular phylogeny of a newfound hantavirus in the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16296–16301.
-
33.
Murdoch DR, Woods CW, Zimmerman MD, Dull PM, Belbase RH, Keenan AJ, Scott RM, Basnyat B, Archibald LK, Reller LB, 2004. The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 670–675.
-
34.
Blacksell SD, Sharma NP, Phumratanaprapin W, Jenjaroen K, Peacock SJ, White NJ, Pukrittayakamee S, Day NP, 2007. Serological and blood culture investigations of Nepalese fever patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 686–690.
-
35.
Karkey A, Aryjal A, Basnyat B, Baker S, 2008. Kathmandu, Nepal: still an enteric fever capital of the world. J Infect Dev Ctries 2: 461–465.
-
36.
Okumura M, Yoshimatsu K, Kumperasart S, Nakamura I, Ogino M, Taruishi M, Sungdee A, Pattamadilok S, Ibrahim IN, Erlina S, Agui T, Yanagihara R, Arikawa J, 2007. Development of serological assays for Thottapalayam virus, an insectivore-borne hantavirus. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14: 173–181.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2232 | 2086 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 1708 | 19 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 105 | 18 | 1 |