ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Raoult D, Berbis P, Roux V, Xu W, Maurin M, 1997. A new tick-transmitted disease due to Rickettsia slovaca. Lancet 350: 112–113.
-
2.
Uchida T, Uchiyama T, Kumano K, Walker DH, 1992. Rickettsia japonica sp. nov., the etiological agent of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42: 303–305.
-
3.
Fournier PE, Dumler JS, Greub G, Zhang J, Wu Y, Raoult D, 2003. Gene sequence-based criteria for identification of new Rickettsia isolates and description of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 41: 5456–5465.
-
4.
Wu YM, Zhang ZQ, Wang HJ, Yang Q, Feng L, Wang JW, 2008. Investigation on the epidemiology of Far-East tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 29: 1173–1175.
-
5.
Mediannikov OY, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Mokretsova E, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2004. Acute tick-borne rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia heilongjiangensis in Russian Far East. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 810–817.
-
6.
Ando S, Kurosawa M, Sakata A, Fujita H, Sakai K, Sekine M, Katsumi M, Saitou W, Yano Y, Takada N, Takano A, Kawabata H, Hanaoka N, Watanabe H, Kurane I, Kishimoto T, 2010. Human Rickettsia heilongjiangensis infection, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1306–1308.
-
7.
Shpynov SN, Fournier PE, Rudakov NV, Samoilenko IE, Reshetinokova TA, Yastrebov VK, Schaiman MS, Tarasevich IV, Raoult D, 2006. Molecular identification of a collection of spotted fever group rickettsiae obtained from patients and ticks from Russia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 440–443.
-
8.
Mediannikov O, Makarova V, Tarasevich I, Sidelnikov Y, Raoult D, 2009. Isolation of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis strains from humans and ticks and its multispacer typing. CMI 15 (Suppl 2): 288–289.
-
9.
Mediannikov O, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2006. Far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 80–88.
-
10.
Ammerman N, Beier-Sexton M, Azad A, 2008. Laboratory maintenance of Rickettsia rickettsii. Curr Protoc Microbiol Chapter 3: Unit 3A.5.
-
11.
Hanson BA, Wisseman CL Jr, Waddell A, Silverman DJ, 1981. Some characteristics of heavy and light bands of Rickettsia prowazekii on renografin gradients. Infect Immun 34: 596–604.
-
12.
Weiss E, Coolbaugh J, Williams J, 1975. Separation of viable Rickettsia typhi from yolk sac and L cell host components by renografin density gradient centrifugation. Appl Microbiol 30: 456–463.
-
13.
Weiss E, Rees HB, Hayes JR, 1967. Metabolic activity of purified suspensions of Rickettsia rickettsii. Nature 213: 1020–1022.
-
14.
Bechah Y, Capo C, Grau GE, Raoult D, Mege JL, 2007. A murine model of infection with Rickettsia prowazekii: implications for pathogenesis of epidemic typhus. Microbes Infect 9: 898–906.
-
15.
Steel C, Stephens A, Hahto S, Singletary S, Ciavarra R, 2008. Comparison of the lateral tail vein and the retro-orbital venous sinus as routes of intravenous drug delivery in a transgenic mouse model. Lab Anim (NY) 37: 26–32.
-
16.
Desnues B, Raoult D, Mege JL, 2005. IL-16 is critical for Tropheryma whipplei replication in Whipple's disease. J Immunol 175: 4575–4582.
-
17.
Li Q, Niu D, Wen B, Chen M, Qiu L, Zhang J, 2005. Protective immunity against Q fever induced with a recombinant P1 antigen fused with HspB of Coxiella burnetii. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063: 130–142.
-
18.
Walker DH, Valbuena GA, Olano JP, 2003. Pathogenic mechanisms of diseases caused by Rickettsia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990: 1–11.
-
19.
Walker DH, Herrero-Herrero JI, Ruiz-Beltran R, Bullon-Sopelana A, Ramos-Hidalgo A, 1987. The pathology of fatal Mediterranean spotted fever. Am J Clin Pathol 87: 669–672.
-
20.
Zavala-Castro JE, Zavala-Velazquez JE, Walker DH, Ruiz Arcila EE, Laviada-Molina H, Olano JP, Ruiz-Sosa JA, Small MA, Dzul-Rosado KR, 2006. Fatal human infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatan, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 672–674.
-
21.
Feng HM, Wen J, Walker DH, 1993. Rickettsia australis infection: a murine model of a highly invasive vasculopathic rickettsiosis. Am J Pathol 142: 1471–1482.
-
22.
Valbuena G, Feng HM, Walker DH, 2002. Mechanisms of immunity against rickettsiae. New perspectives and opportunities offered by unusual intracellular parasites. Microbes Infect 4: 625–633.
-
23.
Kasanen IH, Inhila KJ, Nevalainen JI, Vaisanen SB, Mertanen AM, Mering SM, Nevalainen TO, 2009. A novel dietary restriction method for group-housed rats: weight gain and clinical chemistry characterization. Lab Anim 43: 138–148.
-
24.
Chensue SW, Warmington KS, Allenspach EJ, Lu B, Gerard C, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW, 1999. Differential expression and cross-regulatory function of RANTES during mycobacterial (type 1) and schistosomal (type 2) antigen-elicited granulomatous inflammation. J Immunol 163: 165–173.
-
25.
Walker DH, 1988. Pathology and pathogenesis of the vasculotropic rickettsioses. Biology of Rickettsial Diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 11538.
-
26.
Manor E, Sarov I, 1990. Inhibition of Rickettsia conorii growth by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha: enhancement of inhibition by gamma interferon. Infect Immun 58: 1886–1890.
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| Abstract Views | 320 | 170 | 10 |
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Exploratory Study on Pathogenesis of Far-Eastern Spotted Fever
Changsong Duan
Changsong Duan
State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Yanfen Meng
Yanfen Meng
State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Xile Wang
Xile Wang
State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Xiaolu Xiong
Xiaolu Xiong
State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Bohai Wen
Bohai Wen
State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Far-eastern spotted fever is an emerging disease caused by Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, a tick-borne obligate intracellular bacterium. In this study, R. heilongjiangensis was used to infect BALB/c mice by inoculation of retro-orbital venous plexus to imitate a blood infection caused by tick biting. We found that R. heilongjiangensis rapidly entered the circulation for systemic dissemination and the pathogen existed in liver, spleen, lungs, and brain of the mice at least 9 days post-infection (p.i.). Severe pathological lesions were observed in liver, lungs, and brain at Day 6 p.i. In addition, the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and CC chemokine, were detected in the infected organs at Day 3 p.i. Our results reveal that R. heilongjiangensis may cause an infection in BALB/c mice and the pathological lesions in the infected mice are associated with host inflammatory response induced by R. heilongjiangensis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by a grant (2010CB530200/2010CB530205) from the National Basic Research Program of China and a grant (2008ZX10004-002) from National Science and Technology Major Project (Infectious Disease Control and Prevention) of China.
Authors' addresses: Changsong Duan, Yanfen Meng, Xile Wang, Xiaolu Xiong, and Bohai Wen, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China, E-mails: xysage@163.com, myf810110@sohu.com, wangxile80@163.com, xiongxlbob@hotmail.com, and bohaiwen@sohu.com.
Reprint requests: Bohai Wen, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da-Jie St., Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China, E-mail: bohaiwen@sohu.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Raoult D, Berbis P, Roux V, Xu W, Maurin M, 1997. A new tick-transmitted disease due to Rickettsia slovaca. Lancet 350: 112–113.
-
2.
Uchida T, Uchiyama T, Kumano K, Walker DH, 1992. Rickettsia japonica sp. nov., the etiological agent of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42: 303–305.
-
3.
Fournier PE, Dumler JS, Greub G, Zhang J, Wu Y, Raoult D, 2003. Gene sequence-based criteria for identification of new Rickettsia isolates and description of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 41: 5456–5465.
-
4.
Wu YM, Zhang ZQ, Wang HJ, Yang Q, Feng L, Wang JW, 2008. Investigation on the epidemiology of Far-East tick-borne spotted fever in the northeastern area of China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 29: 1173–1175.
-
5.
Mediannikov OY, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Mokretsova E, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2004. Acute tick-borne rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia heilongjiangensis in Russian Far East. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 810–817.
-
6.
Ando S, Kurosawa M, Sakata A, Fujita H, Sakai K, Sekine M, Katsumi M, Saitou W, Yano Y, Takada N, Takano A, Kawabata H, Hanaoka N, Watanabe H, Kurane I, Kishimoto T, 2010. Human Rickettsia heilongjiangensis infection, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1306–1308.
-
7.
Shpynov SN, Fournier PE, Rudakov NV, Samoilenko IE, Reshetinokova TA, Yastrebov VK, Schaiman MS, Tarasevich IV, Raoult D, 2006. Molecular identification of a collection of spotted fever group rickettsiae obtained from patients and ticks from Russia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 440–443.
-
8.
Mediannikov O, Makarova V, Tarasevich I, Sidelnikov Y, Raoult D, 2009. Isolation of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis strains from humans and ticks and its multispacer typing. CMI 15 (Suppl 2): 288–289.
-
9.
Mediannikov O, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2006. Far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 80–88.
-
10.
Ammerman N, Beier-Sexton M, Azad A, 2008. Laboratory maintenance of Rickettsia rickettsii. Curr Protoc Microbiol Chapter 3: Unit 3A.5.
-
11.
Hanson BA, Wisseman CL Jr, Waddell A, Silverman DJ, 1981. Some characteristics of heavy and light bands of Rickettsia prowazekii on renografin gradients. Infect Immun 34: 596–604.
-
12.
Weiss E, Coolbaugh J, Williams J, 1975. Separation of viable Rickettsia typhi from yolk sac and L cell host components by renografin density gradient centrifugation. Appl Microbiol 30: 456–463.
-
13.
Weiss E, Rees HB, Hayes JR, 1967. Metabolic activity of purified suspensions of Rickettsia rickettsii. Nature 213: 1020–1022.
-
14.
Bechah Y, Capo C, Grau GE, Raoult D, Mege JL, 2007. A murine model of infection with Rickettsia prowazekii: implications for pathogenesis of epidemic typhus. Microbes Infect 9: 898–906.
-
15.
Steel C, Stephens A, Hahto S, Singletary S, Ciavarra R, 2008. Comparison of the lateral tail vein and the retro-orbital venous sinus as routes of intravenous drug delivery in a transgenic mouse model. Lab Anim (NY) 37: 26–32.
-
16.
Desnues B, Raoult D, Mege JL, 2005. IL-16 is critical for Tropheryma whipplei replication in Whipple's disease. J Immunol 175: 4575–4582.
-
17.
Li Q, Niu D, Wen B, Chen M, Qiu L, Zhang J, 2005. Protective immunity against Q fever induced with a recombinant P1 antigen fused with HspB of Coxiella burnetii. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063: 130–142.
-
18.
Walker DH, Valbuena GA, Olano JP, 2003. Pathogenic mechanisms of diseases caused by Rickettsia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990: 1–11.
-
19.
Walker DH, Herrero-Herrero JI, Ruiz-Beltran R, Bullon-Sopelana A, Ramos-Hidalgo A, 1987. The pathology of fatal Mediterranean spotted fever. Am J Clin Pathol 87: 669–672.
-
20.
Zavala-Castro JE, Zavala-Velazquez JE, Walker DH, Ruiz Arcila EE, Laviada-Molina H, Olano JP, Ruiz-Sosa JA, Small MA, Dzul-Rosado KR, 2006. Fatal human infection with Rickettsia rickettsii, Yucatan, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 672–674.
-
21.
Feng HM, Wen J, Walker DH, 1993. Rickettsia australis infection: a murine model of a highly invasive vasculopathic rickettsiosis. Am J Pathol 142: 1471–1482.
-
22.
Valbuena G, Feng HM, Walker DH, 2002. Mechanisms of immunity against rickettsiae. New perspectives and opportunities offered by unusual intracellular parasites. Microbes Infect 4: 625–633.
-
23.
Kasanen IH, Inhila KJ, Nevalainen JI, Vaisanen SB, Mertanen AM, Mering SM, Nevalainen TO, 2009. A novel dietary restriction method for group-housed rats: weight gain and clinical chemistry characterization. Lab Anim 43: 138–148.
-
24.
Chensue SW, Warmington KS, Allenspach EJ, Lu B, Gerard C, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW, 1999. Differential expression and cross-regulatory function of RANTES during mycobacterial (type 1) and schistosomal (type 2) antigen-elicited granulomatous inflammation. J Immunol 163: 165–173.
-
25.
Walker DH, 1988. Pathology and pathogenesis of the vasculotropic rickettsioses. Biology of Rickettsial Diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 11538.
-
26.
Manor E, Sarov I, 1990. Inhibition of Rickettsia conorii growth by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha: enhancement of inhibition by gamma interferon. Infect Immun 58: 1886–1890.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 320 | 170 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 1467 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 76 | 12 | 0 |