Author:
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Viruses, cells, and mosquitoes.
- Viral replication in mosquito bodies after intrathoracic exposure.
- Viral replication in mosquito salivary glands after intrathoracic exposure.
- Viral replication in mosquito midguts after peroral exposure.
- Vector competence of mosquitoes.
- Sequencing of mosquito-derived viral genomes.
- Results
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gubler D, Kuno G, Markoff L, 2007. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Fifth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William and Wilkins, 1153–1252.
-
2.
Lindenbach BD, Thiel HJ, Rice CM, 2007. Flaviviridae: The Virus and Their Replication. Fields Virology. Fifth edition. Lippincott William and Wilkins, 1101–1152.
-
3.
Gomez A, Kramer LD, Dupuis AP, Kilpatrick AM, Davis LJ, Jones MJ, Daszak P, Aguirre AA, 2008. Experimental infection of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 447–451.
-
4.
Platt KB, Tucker BJ, Halbur PG, Tiawsirisup S, Blitvich BJ, Fabiosa FG, Bartholomay LC, Rowley WA, 2007. West Nile virus viremia in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sufficient for infectiong different mosquitoes. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 831–837.
-
5.
Root JJ, Oesterle PT, Nemeth NM, Klenk K, Gould DH, McLean RG, Clark L, Hall JS, 2006. Experimental infection of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 697–701.
-
6.
Weaver SC, Barrett ADT, 2004. Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2: 789–801.
-
7.
Root JJ, Bentler KT, Nemeth NM, Gidlewski T, Spraker TR, Franklin AB, 2010. Experimental infection of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 803–807.
-
8.
Adams SC, Broom AK, Sammels LM, Hartnett AC, Howard MJ, Coelen RJ, MacKenzie JS, Hall RA, 1995. Glycosylation and antigenic variation among Kunjin virus isolates. Virology 206: 49–56.
-
9.
Berthet FX, Zeller HG, Drouet MT, Rauzier J, Digoutte JP, Deubel V, 1997. Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses. J Gen Virol 78: 2293–2297.
-
10.
Davis CT, Ebel GD, Lanciotti RS, Brault AC, Guzman H, Siirin M, Lambert A, Parsons RE, Beasley DW, Novak RJ, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Green EN, Young DS, Stark LM, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Tesh RB, Kramer LD, Barrett AD, 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001–2004: evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype. Virology 342: 252–265.
-
11.
Ebel GD, Carricaburu J, Young D, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2004. Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000–2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 493–500.
-
12.
Lanciotti RS, Ebel GD, Deubel V, Kerst AJ, Murri S, Meyer R, Bowen M, McKinney N, Morrill WE, Crabtree MB, Kramer LD, Roehrig JT, 2002. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. Virology 298: 96–105.
-
13.
Beasley DW, Davis CT, Estrada-Franco J, Navarro-Lopez R, Campomanes-Cortes A, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, Barrett AD, 2004. Genome sequence and attenuating mutations in West Nile virus isolate from Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 2221–2224.
-
14.
Vorndam V, Mathews JH, Barrett ADT, Roehrig JT, Trent DW, 1993. Molecular and biological characterization of a non-glycosylated isolate of St. Louis encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol 74: 2653–2660.
-
15.
Post PR, Santos CN, Carvalho R, Cruz AC, Rice CM, Galler R, 1992. Heterogeneity in envelope protein sequence and N-linked glycosylation among yellow fever virus vaccine strains. Virology 188: 160–167.
-
16.
Hanna SL, Pierson TC, Sanchez MD, Ahmed AA, Murtadha MM, Doms RW, 2005. N-linked glycosylation of west nile virus envelope proteins influences particle assembly and infectivity. J Virol 79: 13262–13274.
-
17.
Lee E, Leang SK, Davidson A, Lobigs M, 2010. Both E protein glycans adversely affect dengue virus infectivity but are beneficial for virion release. J Virol 84: 5171–5180.
-
18.
Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, Huang CY, Schneider BS, Smith DR, Gromowski GD, Higgs S, Kinney RM, Barrett AD, 2005. Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol 79: 8339–8347.
-
19.
Murata R, Eshita Y, Maeda A, Maeda J, Akita S, Tanaka T, Yoshii K, Kariwa H, Umemura T, Takashima I, 2010. Glycosylation of the West Nile virus envelope protein increases in vivo and in vitro viral multiplication in birds. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 696–704.
-
20.
Shirato K, Miyoshi H, Goto A, Ako Y, Ueki T, Kariwa H, Takashima I, 2004. Viral envelope protein glycosylation is a molecular determinant of the neuroinvasiveness of the New York strain of West Nile virus. J Gen Virol 85: 3637–3645.
-
21.
Moudy RM, Zhang B, Shi PY, Kramer LD, 2009. West Nile virus envelope protein glycosylation is required for efficient viral transmission by Culex vectors. Virology 387: 222–228.
-
22.
Peng Z, Li H, Simons FE, 1998. Immunoblot analysis of salivary allergens in 10 mosquito species with worldwide distribution and the human IgE responses to these allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 101: 498–505.
-
23.
Shi PY, Tilgner M, Lo MK, Kent KA, Bernard KA, 2002. Infectious cDNA clone of the epidemic West Nile virus from New York City. J Virol 76: 5847–5856.
-
24.
Aitken TH, 1977. An in vitro feeding technique for artificially demonstrating virus transmission by mosquitoes. Mosq News 37: 130–133.
-
25.
Goto A, Yoshii K, Obara M, Ueki T, Mizutani T, Kariwa H, Takashima I, 2005. Role of the N-linked glycans of the prM and E envelope proteins in tick-borne encephalitis virus particle secretion. Vaccine 23: 3043–3052.
-
26.
Konishi E, Mason PW, 1993. Proper maturation of the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein requires cosynthesis with the premembrane protein. J Virol 67: 1672–1675.
-
27.
Lorenz IC, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Helenius A, 2002. Folding and dimerization of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins prM and E in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol 76: 5480–5491.
-
28.
Ocazionez Jimenez R, Lopes da Fonseca BA, 2000. Recombinant plasmid expressing a truncated dengue-2 virus E protein without co-expression of prM protein induces partial protection in mice. Vaccine 19: 648–654.
-
29.
Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, Huang CY, Schneider BS, Smith DR, Gromowski GD, Higgs S, Kinney RM, Barrett AD, 2005. Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol 79: 8339–8347.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 262 | 66 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 55 | 11 | 0 |
Requirement of Glycosylation of West Nile Virus Envelope Protein for Infection of, but Not Spread within, Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquito Vectors
Robin M. Moudy
Robin M. Moudy
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
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Anne F. Payne
Anne F. Payne
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
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Brittany L. Dodson
Brittany L. Dodson
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
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Laura D. Kramer
Laura D. Kramer
Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York
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Most of sequenced West Nile virus (WNV) genomes encode a single N-linked glycosylation site on their envelope (E) proteins. We previously found that WNV lacking the E protein glycan was severely inhibited in its ability to replicate and spread within two important mosquito vector species, Culex pipiens and Cx. tarsalis. However, recent work with a closely related species, Cx. pipiens pallens, found no association between E protein glycosylation and either replication or dissemination. To examine this finding further, we expanded upon our previous studies to include an additional Culex species, Cx. quinquefasciatus. The non-glycosylated WNV-N154I virus replicated less efficiently in mosquito tissues after intrathoracic inoculation, but there was little difference in replication efficiency in the midgut after peroral infection. Interestingly, although infectivity was inhibited when WNV lacked the E protein glycan, there was little difference in viral spread throughout the mosquito. These data indicate that E protein glycosylation affects WNV–vector interactions in a species-specific manner.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease contract NO1-AI25490. Robin M. Moudy was supported by a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health (1F32-AI074238).
Authors' addresses: Robin M. Moudy, Anne F. Payne, Brittany L. Dodson, and Laura D. Kramer, Arbovirus Laboratories, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, E-mails: rmoudy@wadsworth.org, apayne@wadsworth.org, bdodson@wadsworth.org, and kramer@wadsworth.org.
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Viruses, cells, and mosquitoes.
- Viral replication in mosquito bodies after intrathoracic exposure.
- Viral replication in mosquito salivary glands after intrathoracic exposure.
- Viral replication in mosquito midguts after peroral exposure.
- Vector competence of mosquitoes.
- Sequencing of mosquito-derived viral genomes.
- Results
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Gubler D, Kuno G, Markoff L, 2007. Flaviviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Fifth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William and Wilkins, 1153–1252.
-
2.
Lindenbach BD, Thiel HJ, Rice CM, 2007. Flaviviridae: The Virus and Their Replication. Fields Virology. Fifth edition. Lippincott William and Wilkins, 1101–1152.
-
3.
Gomez A, Kramer LD, Dupuis AP, Kilpatrick AM, Davis LJ, Jones MJ, Daszak P, Aguirre AA, 2008. Experimental infection of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 447–451.
-
4.
Platt KB, Tucker BJ, Halbur PG, Tiawsirisup S, Blitvich BJ, Fabiosa FG, Bartholomay LC, Rowley WA, 2007. West Nile virus viremia in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) sufficient for infectiong different mosquitoes. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 831–837.
-
5.
Root JJ, Oesterle PT, Nemeth NM, Klenk K, Gould DH, McLean RG, Clark L, Hall JS, 2006. Experimental infection of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 697–701.
-
6.
Weaver SC, Barrett ADT, 2004. Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2: 789–801.
-
7.
Root JJ, Bentler KT, Nemeth NM, Gidlewski T, Spraker TR, Franklin AB, 2010. Experimental infection of raccoons (Procyon lotor) with West Nile virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 803–807.
-
8.
Adams SC, Broom AK, Sammels LM, Hartnett AC, Howard MJ, Coelen RJ, MacKenzie JS, Hall RA, 1995. Glycosylation and antigenic variation among Kunjin virus isolates. Virology 206: 49–56.
-
9.
Berthet FX, Zeller HG, Drouet MT, Rauzier J, Digoutte JP, Deubel V, 1997. Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses. J Gen Virol 78: 2293–2297.
-
10.
Davis CT, Ebel GD, Lanciotti RS, Brault AC, Guzman H, Siirin M, Lambert A, Parsons RE, Beasley DW, Novak RJ, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Green EN, Young DS, Stark LM, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Tesh RB, Kramer LD, Barrett AD, 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001–2004: evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype. Virology 342: 252–265.
-
11.
Ebel GD, Carricaburu J, Young D, Bernard KA, Kramer LD, 2004. Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000–2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 493–500.
-
12.
Lanciotti RS, Ebel GD, Deubel V, Kerst AJ, Murri S, Meyer R, Bowen M, McKinney N, Morrill WE, Crabtree MB, Kramer LD, Roehrig JT, 2002. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. Virology 298: 96–105.
-
13.
Beasley DW, Davis CT, Estrada-Franco J, Navarro-Lopez R, Campomanes-Cortes A, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, Barrett AD, 2004. Genome sequence and attenuating mutations in West Nile virus isolate from Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 2221–2224.
-
14.
Vorndam V, Mathews JH, Barrett ADT, Roehrig JT, Trent DW, 1993. Molecular and biological characterization of a non-glycosylated isolate of St. Louis encephalitis virus. J Gen Virol 74: 2653–2660.
-
15.
Post PR, Santos CN, Carvalho R, Cruz AC, Rice CM, Galler R, 1992. Heterogeneity in envelope protein sequence and N-linked glycosylation among yellow fever virus vaccine strains. Virology 188: 160–167.
-
16.
Hanna SL, Pierson TC, Sanchez MD, Ahmed AA, Murtadha MM, Doms RW, 2005. N-linked glycosylation of west nile virus envelope proteins influences particle assembly and infectivity. J Virol 79: 13262–13274.
-
17.
Lee E, Leang SK, Davidson A, Lobigs M, 2010. Both E protein glycans adversely affect dengue virus infectivity but are beneficial for virion release. J Virol 84: 5171–5180.
-
18.
Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, Huang CY, Schneider BS, Smith DR, Gromowski GD, Higgs S, Kinney RM, Barrett AD, 2005. Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol 79: 8339–8347.
-
19.
Murata R, Eshita Y, Maeda A, Maeda J, Akita S, Tanaka T, Yoshii K, Kariwa H, Umemura T, Takashima I, 2010. Glycosylation of the West Nile virus envelope protein increases in vivo and in vitro viral multiplication in birds. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 696–704.
-
20.
Shirato K, Miyoshi H, Goto A, Ako Y, Ueki T, Kariwa H, Takashima I, 2004. Viral envelope protein glycosylation is a molecular determinant of the neuroinvasiveness of the New York strain of West Nile virus. J Gen Virol 85: 3637–3645.
-
21.
Moudy RM, Zhang B, Shi PY, Kramer LD, 2009. West Nile virus envelope protein glycosylation is required for efficient viral transmission by Culex vectors. Virology 387: 222–228.
-
22.
Peng Z, Li H, Simons FE, 1998. Immunoblot analysis of salivary allergens in 10 mosquito species with worldwide distribution and the human IgE responses to these allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 101: 498–505.
-
23.
Shi PY, Tilgner M, Lo MK, Kent KA, Bernard KA, 2002. Infectious cDNA clone of the epidemic West Nile virus from New York City. J Virol 76: 5847–5856.
-
24.
Aitken TH, 1977. An in vitro feeding technique for artificially demonstrating virus transmission by mosquitoes. Mosq News 37: 130–133.
-
25.
Goto A, Yoshii K, Obara M, Ueki T, Mizutani T, Kariwa H, Takashima I, 2005. Role of the N-linked glycans of the prM and E envelope proteins in tick-borne encephalitis virus particle secretion. Vaccine 23: 3043–3052.
-
26.
Konishi E, Mason PW, 1993. Proper maturation of the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein requires cosynthesis with the premembrane protein. J Virol 67: 1672–1675.
-
27.
Lorenz IC, Allison SL, Heinz FX, Helenius A, 2002. Folding and dimerization of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins prM and E in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Virol 76: 5480–5491.
-
28.
Ocazionez Jimenez R, Lopes da Fonseca BA, 2000. Recombinant plasmid expressing a truncated dengue-2 virus E protein without co-expression of prM protein induces partial protection in mice. Vaccine 19: 648–654.
-
29.
Beasley DW, Whiteman MC, Zhang S, Huang CY, Schneider BS, Smith DR, Gromowski GD, Higgs S, Kinney RM, Barrett AD, 2005. Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile virus strains. J Virol 79: 8339–8347.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 262 | 66 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 55 | 11 | 0 |