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Maternal dengue antibodies are important in determining the optimal age of dengue vaccination, but no study has quantified the heterogeneity of antibody decay and persistence in infants. We used longitudinal regression methods and survival analysis to measure decay and persistence times of serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies in 139 infants in Bangkok. A biphasic decay pattern was found with half-life times of 24–29 days between birth and 3 months and 44–150 days after 3 months. Atypical decay rates were found in 17% of infants for dengue virus-1 and -4. Median persistence times of plaque reduction neutralization tests > 10 ranged from 6 to 9 months. Persistence times for individuals could not be predicted based on antibody values at birth. Vaccination against dengue before 12 months of age would be ineffective if maternal antibodies at plaque reduction neutralization test levels below 80 interfere with vaccine uptake. Projections of average antibody persistence based on values at birth should be avoided in studies on dengue pathogenesis in infants.
Financial support: The original study that generated the data used in this analysis was funded by Sanofi Pasteur. No funding was used to conduct the analysis for this manuscript.
Authors' addresses: Willem G. van Panhuis, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, E-mail: wav10@pitt.edu. Christine Luxemburger, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France, E-mail: christine.luxemburger@sanofipasteur.com. Krisana Pengsaa, Kriengsak Limkittikul, and Arunee Sabchareon, Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: tmkps@mahidol.ac.th, tmklk@mahidol.ac.th, and tmasc@mahidol.ac.th. Jean Lang, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France, E-mail: jean.lang@sanofipasteur.com. Anna P. Durbin, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: adurbin@jhsph.edu. Derek A. T. Cummings, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: dcumming@jhsph.edu.
Reprint requests: Willem G. van Panhuis, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, 704 Parran Hall, Pittsburgh PA 15213, E-mail: wav10@pitt.edu.