Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ramakrishnan U, 2002. Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Nutr Rev 60: S46–S52.
-
2.
Dijkhuizen MA, Wieringa FT, West CE, Muherdiyantiningsih , Muhilal , 2001. Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies in lactating mothers and their infants in Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 73: 786–791.
-
3.
Demment MW, Young MM, Sensenig RL, 2003. Providing micronutrients through food-based solutions: a key to human and national development. J Nutr 133: 3879S–3885S.
-
4.
Black M, 2003. The evidence linking zinc deficiency with children's cognitive and motor functioning. J Nutr 133: 1473S–1476S.
-
5.
Qian M, Wang D, Watkins WE, Gebski V, Yan YQ, Li M, Chen ZP, 2005. The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14: 32–42.
-
6.
Grantham-McGregor SM, Ani C, 2001. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr 131: 649S–666S.
-
7.
Grantham-McGregor S, 2007. Early child development in developing countries. Lancet 369: 824.
-
8.
Pollitt E, Jahari A, Husaini M, Kariger P, Saco-Pollitt C, 2002. Developmental trajectories of poorly nourished toddlers that received a micronutrient supplement with and without energy. J Nutr 132: 2617–2625.
-
9.
Sanghvi T, Van Ameringen M, Baker J, Fiedler J, Borwankar R, Phillips M, Houston R, Ross J, Heymann H, Dary O, 2007. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies technical situation analysis: a report for the ten year strategy for the reduction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Food Nutr Bull 28: S160–S219.
-
10.
Black MM, Baqui AH, Zaman K, Ake Persson L, El Arifeen S, Le K, McNary SW, Parveen M, Hamadani JD, Black RE, 2004. Iron and zinc supplementation promote motor development and exploratory behavior among Bangladeshi infants. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 903–910.
-
11.
Jalal F, Nesheim MC, Agus Z, Sanjur D, Habicht JP, 1998. Serum retinol concentrations in children are affected by food sources of beta-carotene, fat intake, and anthelmintic drug treatment. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 623–629.
-
12.
Le HT, Brouwer ID, Verhoef H, Nguyen KC, Kok FJ, 2007. Anemia and intestinal parasite infection in school children in rural Vietnam. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16: 716–723.
-
13.
Hall A, Hewitt G, Tuffrey V, de Silva N, 2008. A review and meta-analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 4 (Suppl 1): 118–236.
-
14.
Hughes S, Kelly P, 2006. Interactions of malnutrition and immune impairment, with specific reference to immunity against parasites. Parasite Immunol 28: 577–588.
-
15.
World Health Organization, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
16.
Keiser J, Utzinger J, 2008. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 299: 1937–1948.
-
17.
Hop le T, Berger J, 2005. Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves anemia, micronutrient nutrient status, and growth of Vietnamese infants: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr 135: 660S–665S.
-
18.
National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health, 2006. Report on Anemia and Sub-Clinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Some Provinces in Vietnam. Hanoi: National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health.
-
19.
Van Thuy P, Berger J, Nakanishi Y, Khan NC, Lynch S, Dixon P, 2005. The use of NaFeEDTA-fortified fish sauce is an effective tool for controlling iron deficiency in women of childbearing age in rural Vietnam. J Nutr 135: 2596–2601.
-
20.
National Institute of Nutrition, 2009. National Nutrition Survey 2009. Hanoi: National Institute of Nutrition.
-
21.
Rivera JA, Hotz C, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Neufeld L, Garcia-Guerra A, 2003. The effect of micronutrient deficiencies on child growth: a review of results from community-based supplementation trials. J Nutr 133: 4010S–4020S.
-
22.
Bhandari N, Bahl R, Taneja S, 2001. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on linear growth of children. Br J Nutr 85 (Suppl 2): S131–S137.
-
23.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH, 2002. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 1062–1071.
-
24.
Ramakrishnan U, Aburto N, McCabe G, Martorell R, 2004. Multimicronutrient interventions but not vitamin A or iron interventions alone improve child growth: results of 3 meta-analyses. J Nutr 134: 2592–2602.
-
25.
Latham MC, Ash DM, Makola D, Tatala SR, Ndossi GD, Mehansho H, 2003. Efficacy trials of a micronutrient dietary supplement in schoolchildren and pregnant women in Tanzania. Food Nutr Bull 24: S120–S128.
-
26.
Hyder SM, Haseen F, Khan M, Schaetzel T, Jalal CS, Rahman M, Lonnerdal B, Mannar V, Mehansho H, 2007. A multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage affects hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin A status and growth in adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. J Nutr 137: 2147–2153.
-
27.
Manger MS, McKenzie JE, Winichagoon P, Gray A, Chavasit V, Pongcharoen T, Gowachirapant S, Ryan B, Wasantwisut E, Gibson RS, 2008. A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 1715–1722.
-
28.
van Stuijvenberg ME, Kvalsvig JD, Faber M, Kruger M, Kenoyer DG, Benade AJ, 1999. Effect of iron-, iodine-, and beta-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 497–503.
-
29.
Nga TT, Winichagoon P, Dijkhuizen MA, Khan NC, Wasantwisut E, Furr H, Wieringa FT, 2009. Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased prevalence of anemia and improved micronutrient status and effectiveness of deworming in rural Vietnamese school children. J Nutr 139: 1013–1021.
-
30.
Gibson RS, 1990. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
31.
World Health Organization, 1998. Training Manual on Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Hughes D, Bryan J, 2003. The assessment of cognitive performance in children: considerations for detecting nutritional influences. Nutr Rev 61: 413–422.
-
33.
Solon FS, Sarol JN Jr, Bernardo AB, Solon JA, Mehansho H, Sanchez-Fermin LE, Wambangco LS, Juhlin KD, 2003. Effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified fruit powder beverage on the nutrition status, physical fitness, and cognitive performance of schoolchildren in the Philippines. Food Nutr Bull 24: S129–S140.
-
34.
Olney DK, Pollitt E, Kariger PK, Khalfan SS, Ali NS, Tielsch JM, Sazawal S, Black R, Allen LH, Stoltzfus RJ, 2006. Combined iron and folic acid supplementation with or without zinc reduces time to walking unassisted among Zanzibari infants 5- to 11-mo old. J Nutr 136: 2427–2434.
-
35.
Osendarp SJ, Baghurst KI, Bryan J, Calvaresi E, Hughes D, Hussaini M, Karyadi SJ, van Klinken BJ, van der Knaap HC, Lukito W, Mikarsa W, Transler C, Wilson C, 2007. Effect of a 12-mo micronutrient intervention on learning and memory in well-nourished and marginally nourished school-aged children: 2 parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in Australia and Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 86: 1082–1093.
-
36.
Taylor-Robinson DC, Jones AP, Garner P, 2007. Deworming drugs for treating soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on growth and school performance. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000371.
-
37.
Hall A, 2007. Micronutrient supplements for children after deworming. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 297–302.
-
38.
Abrams SA, Mushi A, Hilmers DC, Griffin IJ, Davila P, Allen L, 2003. A multinutrient-fortified beverage enhances the nutritional status of children in Botswana. J Nutr 133: 1834–1840.
-
39.
Golden BE, Golden MH, 1992. Effect of zinc on lean tissue synthesis during recovery from malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 46: 697–706.
-
40.
Nchito M, Geissler PW, Mubila L, Friis H, Olsen A, 2009. The effect of iron and multi-micronutrient supplementation on Ascaris lumbricoides reinfection among Zambian schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 229–236.
-
41.
Udomkesmalee E, Dhanamitta S, Sirisinha S, Charoenkiatkul S, Tuntipopipat S, Banjong O, Rojroongwasinkul N, Kramer TR, Smith JC Jr, 1992. Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutrition of children in northeast Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr 56: 50–57.
-
42.
Pedersen SE, Saeed I, Jensen SK, Michaelsen KF, Friis H, 2001. Marginal vitamin A deficiency in pigs experimentally infected with Trichuris suis: a model for vitamin A inadequacy in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 557–565.
-
43.
Stephensen CB, Rasooly R, Jiang XW, Ceddia MA, Weaver CT, Chandraratna RAS, Bucy RP, 2002. Vitamin A enhances in vitro Th2 development via retinoid X receptor pathway. J Immunol 168: 4495–4503.
-
44.
Olsen A, Thiong'o FW, Ouma JH, Mwaniki D, Magnussen P, Michaelsen KF, Friis H, Geissler PW, 2003. Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on helminth reinfection: a randomized, controlled trial in Kenyan schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 109–114.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 558 | 558 | 65 |
| Full Text Views | 5230 | 1595 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 166 | 52 | 0 |
Decreased Parasite Load and Improved Cognitive Outcomes Caused by Deworming and Consumption of Multi-Micronutrient Fortified Biscuits in Rural Vietnamese Schoolchildren
Tran T. Nga
Tran T. Nga
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Pattanee Winichagoon
Pattanee Winichagoon
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Marjoleine A. Dijkhuizen
Marjoleine A. Dijkhuizen
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Nguyen C. Khan
Nguyen C. Khan
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Emorn Wasantwisut
Emorn Wasantwisut
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Frank T. Wieringa
Frank T. Wieringa
Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unite Medicale de Recherche 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Micronutrient deficiencies are associated with impaired growth and cognitive function. A school-based fortification program might benefit schoolchildren but a high prevalence of parasite infestation might affect effectiveness. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of multi-micronutrient fortified biscuits with or without de-worming on growth, cognitive function, and parasite load in Vietnamese schoolchildren. Schoolchildren (n = 510), 6–8 years of age were randomly allocated to receive albendazole or placebo at baseline and four months of multi-micronutrient fortified biscuits (FB) or non-fortified biscuits. Children receiving FB for four months scored higher on two cognitive tests: Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices and the Digit Span Forward test. Children receiving albendazole plus FB had the lowest parasite load after four months. In children receiving FB, mid-upper arm circumference was slightly improved (+0.082 cm) but there were no differences in other indexes of anthropometry. Combining multi-micronutrient fortified biscuits with de-worming is an effective strategy.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Neys-van Hoogstraten Foundation, The Netherlands, and the Ellison Medical Foundation.
Disclosure: None of the authors had any conflicts of interest.
Authors' addresses: Tran T. Nga and Nguyen C. Khan, Department of Micronutrient Research and Application, National Institute of Nutrition, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mails: thuynga672000@yahoo.co.uk and nguyencongkhan@vfa.gov.vn. Pattanee Winichagoon and Emorn Wasantwisut, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, E-mails: nupwn@mahidol.ac.th and numdk@mahidol.ac.th. Marjoleine A. Dijkhuizen, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mail: madijkhuizen@gmail.com. Frank T. Wieringa, Unite Medicale Researche, 204 Prevention des Malnutritions, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France, E-mail: franck.wieringa@ird.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ramakrishnan U, 2002. Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Nutr Rev 60: S46–S52.
-
2.
Dijkhuizen MA, Wieringa FT, West CE, Muherdiyantiningsih , Muhilal , 2001. Concurrent micronutrient deficiencies in lactating mothers and their infants in Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 73: 786–791.
-
3.
Demment MW, Young MM, Sensenig RL, 2003. Providing micronutrients through food-based solutions: a key to human and national development. J Nutr 133: 3879S–3885S.
-
4.
Black M, 2003. The evidence linking zinc deficiency with children's cognitive and motor functioning. J Nutr 133: 1473S–1476S.
-
5.
Qian M, Wang D, Watkins WE, Gebski V, Yan YQ, Li M, Chen ZP, 2005. The effects of iodine on intelligence in children: a meta-analysis of studies conducted in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14: 32–42.
-
6.
Grantham-McGregor SM, Ani C, 2001. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. J Nutr 131: 649S–666S.
-
7.
Grantham-McGregor S, 2007. Early child development in developing countries. Lancet 369: 824.
-
8.
Pollitt E, Jahari A, Husaini M, Kariger P, Saco-Pollitt C, 2002. Developmental trajectories of poorly nourished toddlers that received a micronutrient supplement with and without energy. J Nutr 132: 2617–2625.
-
9.
Sanghvi T, Van Ameringen M, Baker J, Fiedler J, Borwankar R, Phillips M, Houston R, Ross J, Heymann H, Dary O, 2007. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies technical situation analysis: a report for the ten year strategy for the reduction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Food Nutr Bull 28: S160–S219.
-
10.
Black MM, Baqui AH, Zaman K, Ake Persson L, El Arifeen S, Le K, McNary SW, Parveen M, Hamadani JD, Black RE, 2004. Iron and zinc supplementation promote motor development and exploratory behavior among Bangladeshi infants. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 903–910.
-
11.
Jalal F, Nesheim MC, Agus Z, Sanjur D, Habicht JP, 1998. Serum retinol concentrations in children are affected by food sources of beta-carotene, fat intake, and anthelmintic drug treatment. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 623–629.
-
12.
Le HT, Brouwer ID, Verhoef H, Nguyen KC, Kok FJ, 2007. Anemia and intestinal parasite infection in school children in rural Vietnam. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 16: 716–723.
-
13.
Hall A, Hewitt G, Tuffrey V, de Silva N, 2008. A review and meta-analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 4 (Suppl 1): 118–236.
-
14.
Hughes S, Kelly P, 2006. Interactions of malnutrition and immune impairment, with specific reference to immunity against parasites. Parasite Immunol 28: 577–588.
-
15.
World Health Organization, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
16.
Keiser J, Utzinger J, 2008. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 299: 1937–1948.
-
17.
Hop le T, Berger J, 2005. Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves anemia, micronutrient nutrient status, and growth of Vietnamese infants: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr 135: 660S–665S.
-
18.
National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health, 2006. Report on Anemia and Sub-Clinical Vitamin A Deficiency in Some Provinces in Vietnam. Hanoi: National Institute of Nutrition, Ministry of Health.
-
19.
Van Thuy P, Berger J, Nakanishi Y, Khan NC, Lynch S, Dixon P, 2005. The use of NaFeEDTA-fortified fish sauce is an effective tool for controlling iron deficiency in women of childbearing age in rural Vietnam. J Nutr 135: 2596–2601.
-
20.
National Institute of Nutrition, 2009. National Nutrition Survey 2009. Hanoi: National Institute of Nutrition.
-
21.
Rivera JA, Hotz C, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Neufeld L, Garcia-Guerra A, 2003. The effect of micronutrient deficiencies on child growth: a review of results from community-based supplementation trials. J Nutr 133: 4010S–4020S.
-
22.
Bhandari N, Bahl R, Taneja S, 2001. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on linear growth of children. Br J Nutr 85 (Suppl 2): S131–S137.
-
23.
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH, 2002. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 1062–1071.
-
24.
Ramakrishnan U, Aburto N, McCabe G, Martorell R, 2004. Multimicronutrient interventions but not vitamin A or iron interventions alone improve child growth: results of 3 meta-analyses. J Nutr 134: 2592–2602.
-
25.
Latham MC, Ash DM, Makola D, Tatala SR, Ndossi GD, Mehansho H, 2003. Efficacy trials of a micronutrient dietary supplement in schoolchildren and pregnant women in Tanzania. Food Nutr Bull 24: S120–S128.
-
26.
Hyder SM, Haseen F, Khan M, Schaetzel T, Jalal CS, Rahman M, Lonnerdal B, Mannar V, Mehansho H, 2007. A multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage affects hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin A status and growth in adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. J Nutr 137: 2147–2153.
-
27.
Manger MS, McKenzie JE, Winichagoon P, Gray A, Chavasit V, Pongcharoen T, Gowachirapant S, Ryan B, Wasantwisut E, Gibson RS, 2008. A micronutrient-fortified seasoning powder reduces morbidity and improves short-term cognitive function, but has no effect on anthropometric measures in primary school children in northeast Thailand: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 1715–1722.
-
28.
van Stuijvenberg ME, Kvalsvig JD, Faber M, Kruger M, Kenoyer DG, Benade AJ, 1999. Effect of iron-, iodine-, and beta-carotene-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 497–503.
-
29.
Nga TT, Winichagoon P, Dijkhuizen MA, Khan NC, Wasantwisut E, Furr H, Wieringa FT, 2009. Multi-micronutrient-fortified biscuits decreased prevalence of anemia and improved micronutrient status and effectiveness of deworming in rural Vietnamese school children. J Nutr 139: 1013–1021.
-
30.
Gibson RS, 1990. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-
31.
World Health Organization, 1998. Training Manual on Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Hughes D, Bryan J, 2003. The assessment of cognitive performance in children: considerations for detecting nutritional influences. Nutr Rev 61: 413–422.
-
33.
Solon FS, Sarol JN Jr, Bernardo AB, Solon JA, Mehansho H, Sanchez-Fermin LE, Wambangco LS, Juhlin KD, 2003. Effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified fruit powder beverage on the nutrition status, physical fitness, and cognitive performance of schoolchildren in the Philippines. Food Nutr Bull 24: S129–S140.
-
34.
Olney DK, Pollitt E, Kariger PK, Khalfan SS, Ali NS, Tielsch JM, Sazawal S, Black R, Allen LH, Stoltzfus RJ, 2006. Combined iron and folic acid supplementation with or without zinc reduces time to walking unassisted among Zanzibari infants 5- to 11-mo old. J Nutr 136: 2427–2434.
-
35.
Osendarp SJ, Baghurst KI, Bryan J, Calvaresi E, Hughes D, Hussaini M, Karyadi SJ, van Klinken BJ, van der Knaap HC, Lukito W, Mikarsa W, Transler C, Wilson C, 2007. Effect of a 12-mo micronutrient intervention on learning and memory in well-nourished and marginally nourished school-aged children: 2 parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled studies in Australia and Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 86: 1082–1093.
-
36.
Taylor-Robinson DC, Jones AP, Garner P, 2007. Deworming drugs for treating soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on growth and school performance. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000371.
-
37.
Hall A, 2007. Micronutrient supplements for children after deworming. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 297–302.
-
38.
Abrams SA, Mushi A, Hilmers DC, Griffin IJ, Davila P, Allen L, 2003. A multinutrient-fortified beverage enhances the nutritional status of children in Botswana. J Nutr 133: 1834–1840.
-
39.
Golden BE, Golden MH, 1992. Effect of zinc on lean tissue synthesis during recovery from malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 46: 697–706.
-
40.
Nchito M, Geissler PW, Mubila L, Friis H, Olsen A, 2009. The effect of iron and multi-micronutrient supplementation on Ascaris lumbricoides reinfection among Zambian schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 229–236.
-
41.
Udomkesmalee E, Dhanamitta S, Sirisinha S, Charoenkiatkul S, Tuntipopipat S, Banjong O, Rojroongwasinkul N, Kramer TR, Smith JC Jr, 1992. Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutrition of children in northeast Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr 56: 50–57.
-
42.
Pedersen SE, Saeed I, Jensen SK, Michaelsen KF, Friis H, 2001. Marginal vitamin A deficiency in pigs experimentally infected with Trichuris suis: a model for vitamin A inadequacy in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 557–565.
-
43.
Stephensen CB, Rasooly R, Jiang XW, Ceddia MA, Weaver CT, Chandraratna RAS, Bucy RP, 2002. Vitamin A enhances in vitro Th2 development via retinoid X receptor pathway. J Immunol 168: 4495–4503.
-
44.
Olsen A, Thiong'o FW, Ouma JH, Mwaniki D, Magnussen P, Michaelsen KF, Friis H, Geissler PW, 2003. Effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on helminth reinfection: a randomized, controlled trial in Kenyan schoolchildren. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 109–114.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 558 | 558 | 65 |
| Full Text Views | 5230 | 1595 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 166 | 52 | 0 |