ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Russo L, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Medrano FJ, Rosenthal E, Cacopardo B, Nigro L, 2003. Visceral leishmaniasis in those infected with HIV: clinical aspects and other opportunistic infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97 (Suppl 1): S99–S105.
-
2.
Ara M, Maillo C, Peón G, Clavel A, Cuesta J, Grasa MP, Carapeto FJ, 1998. Visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous lesions in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Br J Dermatol 139: 114–117.
-
3.
Danden E, Peñas PF, Rios L, Jimenez M, Fraga J, Alvar J, García-Diez A, 1996. Leishmania presenting as dermatomyositis-like eruption in AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 35: 316–319.
-
4.
Botelho R, SanMartin O & Febrer MI 1990. Leishmaniasis cutaneo-visceral: una nuova infección oportunista en pacientes infectados con HIV. Med Cut ILA 18: 119–123.
-
5.
Perrin C, Taillan B, Hofman P, Mondain V, Lefichoux Y, Michiels JF, 1995. Atypical cutaneous histopathological features of visceral leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 17: 145–150.
-
6.
Colebunders R, Depraetera K, Verstraeten T, Lambert J, Hauben E, Van Marck E, Maurer T, Bañuls AL, Dujardin JC, 1999. Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 41: 847–850.
-
7.
Mondain-Milton V, Toussaint-Gari M, Hofman P, Marty P, Carles M, De Salvador F, Miton F, Le Fichoux Y, Dellamonica P, 1995. Atypical leishmaniasis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21: 663–665.
-
8.
Calza L, D'Antuono A, Marinacci G, Manfredi R, Colangeli V, Passarini B, Orioli R, Varoli O, Chiodo F, 2004. Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis after visceral disease in a patient with AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 50: 461–465.
-
9.
da Silva LA, de Sousa Cdos S, da Graça GC, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E, 2010. Sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP profiling of the hsp70 gene as a valuable tool for identifying Leishmania species associated with human leishmaniasis in Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 10: 77–83.
-
10.
Cupolillo E, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1994. A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 296–311.
-
11.
Kuhls K, Mauricio IL, Pratlong F, Presber W, Schonian G, 2005. Analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Leishmania donovani complex. Microbes Infect 7: 1224–1234.
-
12.
Ochsenreither S, Kuhls K, Schaar M, Presber W, Schonian G, 2006. Multilocus microsatellite typing as a new tool for discrimination of Leishmania infantum MON-1 strains. J Clin Microbiol 44: 495–503.
-
13.
Kuhls K, Keilonat L, Ochsenreither S, Schaar M, Schweynoch C, Presber W, Schonian G, 2007. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetically isolated populations between and within the main endemic regions of visceral leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 9: 334–343.
-
14.
Da-Cruz AM, Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, Coutinho Z, Machado ES, Coutinho SG, 2000. Cellular immune responses to Leishmania braziliensis in patients with AIDS-associated American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 569–571.
-
15.
Da-Cruz AM, Rodrigues AC, Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, Sabbaga-Amato V, Posada MP, Lindoso JA, Goto H, 2006. Alterações imunopatológicas na co-infecção HIV-Leishmania. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 39 (Suppl 3): 75–79.
-
16.
Rodrigues DS, Cunha RM, Kallas EG, Salomão R, 2003. Distribution of naive/effector CD4+ T lymphocytes and expression of CD38 on CD8+ T lymphocytes in AIDS patients with tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 7: 161–165.
-
17.
Pourahmad M, Hooshmand F, Rahiminejad M, 2009. Cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with visceral leishmaniasis in a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Int J Dermatol 48: 59–61.
-
18.
Herrera E, Bosch RJ, Fernández F, 1996. The presence and significance of Leishmania in mucocutaneous biopsies from HIV+ patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Dermatol 6: 501–504.
-
19.
Barrio J, Lecona M, Cosin J, Olalquiaga FJ, Hernanz JM, Soto J, 1996. Leishmania infection occuring in herpes zoster lesions in a HIV patient. Br J Dermatol 134: 16416–6.
-
20.
Gallego MA, Aguilar A, Plaza S, Gomez JM, Burgos F, Agud JL, Marco J, García C, 1996. Kaposi sarcoma with an intense parasitization by Leishmania. Cutis 57: 103–105.
-
21.
Yebra M, Segovia J, Manzano L, Vargas JA, Bernaldo de Quirós L, Alvar J, 1998. Disseminated-to-skin kala-azar and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 108: 490–491.
-
22.
Ramesh V, Singh R, Salotra P, 2007. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an appraisal. Trop Med Int Health 12: 848–851.
-
23.
Zijstra EE, Khalil EA, Kager PA, El-Hassan AM, 2000. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 143: 136–143.
-
24.
López-Velez R, Laguna F, Alvar J, Pérez-Molina JA, Molina R, Martinez P, Villarrubia J, 1995. Parasitic culture of buffy-coat for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected paients. J Clin Microbiol 33: 937–939.
-
25.
Dereure J, Pratlong F, Reynes J, Basset D, Bastien P, Dedet JP, 1998. Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasite identification. Bull World Health Organ 76: 203–206.
-
26.
Pratlong F, Dereure J, Bucheton B, El-Saf S, Dessein A, Lanotte G, Dedet JP, 2001. Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 122: 599–605.
-
27.
Cacopardo B, Nigro L, Preiser W, Fama A, Satariano MI, Braner J, Celesia BM, Weber B, Russo R, Doerr HW, 1996. Prolonged Th2 cell activation and increased viral replication in HIV-Leishmania co-infected patients despite treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 434–435.
-
28.
Spritzler J, Mildvan D, Russo A, Asthana D, Livnat D, Schock B, Kagan J, Landay A, Haas DW, 2003. Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis 37: 551–558.
-
29.
Saha S, Mondal S, Banerjee A, Ghose J, Bhowmick S, Ali N, 2006. Immune responses in kala-azar. Indian J Med Res 123: 245–266.
-
30.
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasil, 2004. Manual de Recomendações para Diagnóstico, Tratamento e Acompanhamento da Co-infecção Leishmania-HIV. Brasília: Programa Nacional de DST/HIV/AIDS. Available at: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/manual_leish_hiv.pdf.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 466 | 432 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 742 | 13 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 88 | 8 | 1 |
Atypical Lesions as a Sign of Cutaneous Dissemination of Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Patient Simultaneously Infected by Two Viscerotropic Leishmania Species
Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira
Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Alda M. Da-Cruz
Alda M. Da-Cruz
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lucy H. S. Pires
Lucy H. S. Pires
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Elisa Cupolillo
Elisa Cupolillo
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Katrin Kuhls
Katrin Kuhls
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Carmem B. W. Giacoia-Gripp
Carmem B. W. Giacoia-Gripp
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Manoel P. Oliveira-Neto
Manoel P. Oliveira-Neto
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, e Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, Brazil; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Leishmaniasis is considered an emerging opportunistic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients who have considerably variable clinical presentation. We report a patient with visceral leishmaniasis who had unexpected clinical aspects (atypical cutaneous lesions appearing after long-term evidence of visceral parasites). The patient had hepatoesplenomegaly in the absence of fever, but was otherwise generally healthy. The HIV viral load was low despite severe immunossupression (low lymphocyte proliferation and low level of interferon-γ, concomitant with a high lymphocyte activation status). Surprisingly, two Leishmania strains were isolated from his bone marrow (typical L. infantum sequence MON-1, type A) and skin (L. donovani MON-2 sequence); this second strain had not been previously identified in Brazil. The association of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a largely unknown disease, particularly in areas in which leishmaniasis is not endemic. Such atypical cases indicate that this disease can be undiagnosed in clinical settings.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by Programa Nacional de DST/AIDS, Ministério da Saúde (grant ED00095/2007); Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ (internal funds); Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; and the European Union (LeishEpinetSA, INCO-CT2005-015407). Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira was supported by a fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Alda M. Da-Cruz and Elisa Cupolillo were supported by fellowships from Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico.
Disclosure: None of the authors have any potential financial conflicts of interest.
Authors' addresses: Joanna R. Santos-Oliveira, Alda M. Da-Cruz, Elisa Cupolillo, and Carmem B. W. Giacoia-Gripp, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mails: joannars@ioc.fiocruz.br, alda@ioc.fiocruz.br, ecupolillo@ioc.fiocruz.br, and carmembg@ioc.fiocruz.br. Lucy H. S. Pires, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cabo Frio, São Cristovão, Cabo Frio, Brazil, E-mail: lucypires@ig.com.br. Katrin Kuhls, Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany, E-mail: katrin.kuhls@o2online.de. Manoel P. Oliveira-Neto, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: manoel.paes@ipec.fiocruz.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Russo L, Laguna F, Lopez-Velez R, Medrano FJ, Rosenthal E, Cacopardo B, Nigro L, 2003. Visceral leishmaniasis in those infected with HIV: clinical aspects and other opportunistic infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97 (Suppl 1): S99–S105.
-
2.
Ara M, Maillo C, Peón G, Clavel A, Cuesta J, Grasa MP, Carapeto FJ, 1998. Visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous lesions in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Br J Dermatol 139: 114–117.
-
3.
Danden E, Peñas PF, Rios L, Jimenez M, Fraga J, Alvar J, García-Diez A, 1996. Leishmania presenting as dermatomyositis-like eruption in AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 35: 316–319.
-
4.
Botelho R, SanMartin O & Febrer MI 1990. Leishmaniasis cutaneo-visceral: una nuova infección oportunista en pacientes infectados con HIV. Med Cut ILA 18: 119–123.
-
5.
Perrin C, Taillan B, Hofman P, Mondain V, Lefichoux Y, Michiels JF, 1995. Atypical cutaneous histopathological features of visceral leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 17: 145–150.
-
6.
Colebunders R, Depraetera K, Verstraeten T, Lambert J, Hauben E, Van Marck E, Maurer T, Bañuls AL, Dujardin JC, 1999. Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 41: 847–850.
-
7.
Mondain-Milton V, Toussaint-Gari M, Hofman P, Marty P, Carles M, De Salvador F, Miton F, Le Fichoux Y, Dellamonica P, 1995. Atypical leishmaniasis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21: 663–665.
-
8.
Calza L, D'Antuono A, Marinacci G, Manfredi R, Colangeli V, Passarini B, Orioli R, Varoli O, Chiodo F, 2004. Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis after visceral disease in a patient with AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 50: 461–465.
-
9.
da Silva LA, de Sousa Cdos S, da Graça GC, Porrozzi R, Cupolillo E, 2010. Sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP profiling of the hsp70 gene as a valuable tool for identifying Leishmania species associated with human leishmaniasis in Brazil. Infect Genet Evol 10: 77–83.
-
10.
Cupolillo E, Grimaldi G Jr, Momen H, 1994. A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 296–311.
-
11.
Kuhls K, Mauricio IL, Pratlong F, Presber W, Schonian G, 2005. Analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Leishmania donovani complex. Microbes Infect 7: 1224–1234.
-
12.
Ochsenreither S, Kuhls K, Schaar M, Presber W, Schonian G, 2006. Multilocus microsatellite typing as a new tool for discrimination of Leishmania infantum MON-1 strains. J Clin Microbiol 44: 495–503.
-
13.
Kuhls K, Keilonat L, Ochsenreither S, Schaar M, Schweynoch C, Presber W, Schonian G, 2007. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetically isolated populations between and within the main endemic regions of visceral leishmaniasis. Microbes Infect 9: 334–343.
-
14.
Da-Cruz AM, Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, Coutinho Z, Machado ES, Coutinho SG, 2000. Cellular immune responses to Leishmania braziliensis in patients with AIDS-associated American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 569–571.
-
15.
Da-Cruz AM, Rodrigues AC, Mattos M, Oliveira-Neto MP, Sabbaga-Amato V, Posada MP, Lindoso JA, Goto H, 2006. Alterações imunopatológicas na co-infecção HIV-Leishmania. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 39 (Suppl 3): 75–79.
-
16.
Rodrigues DS, Cunha RM, Kallas EG, Salomão R, 2003. Distribution of naive/effector CD4+ T lymphocytes and expression of CD38 on CD8+ T lymphocytes in AIDS patients with tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 7: 161–165.
-
17.
Pourahmad M, Hooshmand F, Rahiminejad M, 2009. Cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with visceral leishmaniasis in a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Int J Dermatol 48: 59–61.
-
18.
Herrera E, Bosch RJ, Fernández F, 1996. The presence and significance of Leishmania in mucocutaneous biopsies from HIV+ patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Dermatol 6: 501–504.
-
19.
Barrio J, Lecona M, Cosin J, Olalquiaga FJ, Hernanz JM, Soto J, 1996. Leishmania infection occuring in herpes zoster lesions in a HIV patient. Br J Dermatol 134: 16416–6.
-
20.
Gallego MA, Aguilar A, Plaza S, Gomez JM, Burgos F, Agud JL, Marco J, García C, 1996. Kaposi sarcoma with an intense parasitization by Leishmania. Cutis 57: 103–105.
-
21.
Yebra M, Segovia J, Manzano L, Vargas JA, Bernaldo de Quirós L, Alvar J, 1998. Disseminated-to-skin kala-azar and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 108: 490–491.
-
22.
Ramesh V, Singh R, Salotra P, 2007. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an appraisal. Trop Med Int Health 12: 848–851.
-
23.
Zijstra EE, Khalil EA, Kager PA, El-Hassan AM, 2000. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 143: 136–143.
-
24.
López-Velez R, Laguna F, Alvar J, Pérez-Molina JA, Molina R, Martinez P, Villarrubia J, 1995. Parasitic culture of buffy-coat for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected paients. J Clin Microbiol 33: 937–939.
-
25.
Dereure J, Pratlong F, Reynes J, Basset D, Bastien P, Dedet JP, 1998. Haemoculture as a tool for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients: interest for parasite identification. Bull World Health Organ 76: 203–206.
-
26.
Pratlong F, Dereure J, Bucheton B, El-Saf S, Dessein A, Lanotte G, Dedet JP, 2001. Sudan: the possible original focus of visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 122: 599–605.
-
27.
Cacopardo B, Nigro L, Preiser W, Fama A, Satariano MI, Braner J, Celesia BM, Weber B, Russo R, Doerr HW, 1996. Prolonged Th2 cell activation and increased viral replication in HIV-Leishmania co-infected patients despite treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 434–435.
-
28.
Spritzler J, Mildvan D, Russo A, Asthana D, Livnat D, Schock B, Kagan J, Landay A, Haas DW, 2003. Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis 37: 551–558.
-
29.
Saha S, Mondal S, Banerjee A, Ghose J, Bhowmick S, Ali N, 2006. Immune responses in kala-azar. Indian J Med Res 123: 245–266.
-
30.
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasil, 2004. Manual de Recomendações para Diagnóstico, Tratamento e Acompanhamento da Co-infecção Leishmania-HIV. Brasília: Programa Nacional de DST/HIV/AIDS. Available at: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/manual_leish_hiv.pdf.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 466 | 432 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 742 | 13 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 88 | 8 | 1 |