Hay SI, Okiro EA, Gething PW, Patil AP, Tatem AJ, Guerra CA, Snow RW, 2010. Estimating the global clinical burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 2007. PLoS Med 7: e1000290.
Snow RW, Craig M, Deichmann U, Marsh K, 1999. Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population. Bull World Health Organ 77: 624–640.
The malERA Consultative Group on Vector Control, 2011. A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. Plos Med 8: e1000401.
WHO, 2006. Malaria vector control and personal protection. WHO technical report series: no. 936. Geneva: WHO.
Amazigo U, 2008. The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 19–22.
Ottesen EA, Hooper PJ, Bradley M, Biswas G, 2008. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e317.
Anderson RM, Medley GF, 1985. Community control of helminth infections of man by mass and selective chemotherapy. Parasitol 90: 629–660.
Beach MJ, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Prospere R, Roberts JM, Lammie PJ, 1999. Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 479–486.
Belizario VY, Amarillo ME, de Leon WU, de los Reyes AE, Bugayong MG, Macatangay BJC, 2003. A comparison of the efficacy of single doses of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine alone or in combinations against Ascaris and Trichuris spp. Bull World Health Organ 81: 35–42.
Gutman J, Emukah E, Okpala N, Okoro C, Obasi A, Miri ES, Richards FO, 2010. Effects of annual mass treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of intestinal helminths. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 534–541.
Marti H, Haji HJ, Savioli L, Chwaya HM, Mgeni AF, Ameir JS, Hatz C, 1996. A comparative trial of a single-dose ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 477–481.
Ranque S, Chippaux JP, Garcia A, Boussinesq M, 2001. Follow-up of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections in children living in a community treated with ivermectin at 3-monthly intervals. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 389–393.
Wen LY, Yan XL, Sun FH, Fang YY, Yang MJ, Lou LJ, 2008. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy of ivermectin against intestinal nematode infections in China. Acta Trop 106: 190–194.
Chaccour C, Lines J, Whitty CJ, 2010. Effect of ivermectin on Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes fed on humans: the potential of oral insecticides in malaria control. J Infect Dis 202: 113–116.
Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, Butters MP, Hongyu T, Gray M, da Silva IM, Sylla M, Foy BD, 2010. The effect of oral anthelmintics on the survivorship and re-feeding frequency of anthropophilic mosquito disease vectors. Acta Trop 116: 119–126.
Sylla M, Kobylinski KC, Gray M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Rasgon JL, Foy BD, 2010. Mass drug administration of ivermectin in south-eastern Senegal reduces the survivorship of wild-caught, blood fed malaria vectors. Malar J 9: e365.
Bass C, Nikou D, Blagborough AM, Vontas J, Sinden RE, Williamson MS, Field LM, 2008. PCR-based detection of Plasmodium in Anopheles mosquitoes: a comparison of a new high-throughput assay with existing methods. Malar J 7: e177.
Beier JC, 1996. Frequent blood-feeding and restrictive sugar-feeding behavior enhance the malaria vector potential of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Kenya. J Med Entomol 33: 613–618.
Briegel H, Horler E, 1993. Multiple blood meals as a reproductive strategy in Anopheles (Diptera: Culcidae). J Med Entomol 30: 975–985.
Kane NS, Hirschberg B, Qian S, Hunt D, Thomas B, Brochu R, Ludmerer SW, Zheng Y, Smith M, Arena JP, Cohen CJ, Schmatz D, Warmke J, Cully DF, 2000. Drug-resistant Drosophila indicates glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 13949–13954.
Chabala JC, Mrozik H, Tolman RL, Eskola P, Lusi A, Peterson LH, Woods MF, Fisher MH, 1980. Ivermectin, a new broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. J Med Chem 23: 1134–1136.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1476 | 1146 | 243 |
Full Text Views | 934 | 21 | 5 |
PDF Downloads | 348 | 24 | 6 |
Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) to humans is used to control onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Recent field studies have shown an added killing effect of ivermectin MDA against malaria vectors. We report that ivermectin MDA reduced the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infectious Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) in treated villages in southeastern Senegal. Ivermectin MDA is a different delivery method and has a different mode of action from current malaria control agents. It could be a powerful and synergistic new tool to reduce malaria transmission in regions with epidemic or seasonal malaria transmission, and the prevalence and intensity of neglected tropical diseases.
Financial support: This work was supported by the NIH grant R21 AI079528, Grand Challenges Explorations grant 51995 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and CRC grant 1686174 from Colorado State University.
Authors' addresses: Kevin C. Kobylinski, Massamba Sylla, and Brian D. Foy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: kobylinskikevin@yahoo.com, massamba.sylla@colostate.edu, and brian.foy@colostate.edu. Phillip L. Chapman, Department of Statistics, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: pchapman@stat.colostate.edu. Moussa D. Sarr, Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention Médicale, Dakar, Senegal, E-mail: mdiensarr@yahoo.fr.
Reprint requests: Brian D. Foy Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, 1692 Campus delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1692, E-mail: brian.foy@colostate.edu.
Hay SI, Okiro EA, Gething PW, Patil AP, Tatem AJ, Guerra CA, Snow RW, 2010. Estimating the global clinical burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 2007. PLoS Med 7: e1000290.
Snow RW, Craig M, Deichmann U, Marsh K, 1999. Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population. Bull World Health Organ 77: 624–640.
The malERA Consultative Group on Vector Control, 2011. A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. Plos Med 8: e1000401.
WHO, 2006. Malaria vector control and personal protection. WHO technical report series: no. 936. Geneva: WHO.
Amazigo U, 2008. The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 19–22.
Ottesen EA, Hooper PJ, Bradley M, Biswas G, 2008. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e317.
Anderson RM, Medley GF, 1985. Community control of helminth infections of man by mass and selective chemotherapy. Parasitol 90: 629–660.
Beach MJ, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Prospere R, Roberts JM, Lammie PJ, 1999. Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 479–486.
Belizario VY, Amarillo ME, de Leon WU, de los Reyes AE, Bugayong MG, Macatangay BJC, 2003. A comparison of the efficacy of single doses of albendazole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine alone or in combinations against Ascaris and Trichuris spp. Bull World Health Organ 81: 35–42.
Gutman J, Emukah E, Okpala N, Okoro C, Obasi A, Miri ES, Richards FO, 2010. Effects of annual mass treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of intestinal helminths. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 534–541.
Marti H, Haji HJ, Savioli L, Chwaya HM, Mgeni AF, Ameir JS, Hatz C, 1996. A comparative trial of a single-dose ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 477–481.
Ranque S, Chippaux JP, Garcia A, Boussinesq M, 2001. Follow-up of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections in children living in a community treated with ivermectin at 3-monthly intervals. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 389–393.
Wen LY, Yan XL, Sun FH, Fang YY, Yang MJ, Lou LJ, 2008. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial on the efficacy of ivermectin against intestinal nematode infections in China. Acta Trop 106: 190–194.
Chaccour C, Lines J, Whitty CJ, 2010. Effect of ivermectin on Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes fed on humans: the potential of oral insecticides in malaria control. J Infect Dis 202: 113–116.
Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, Butters MP, Hongyu T, Gray M, da Silva IM, Sylla M, Foy BD, 2010. The effect of oral anthelmintics on the survivorship and re-feeding frequency of anthropophilic mosquito disease vectors. Acta Trop 116: 119–126.
Sylla M, Kobylinski KC, Gray M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Rasgon JL, Foy BD, 2010. Mass drug administration of ivermectin in south-eastern Senegal reduces the survivorship of wild-caught, blood fed malaria vectors. Malar J 9: e365.
Bass C, Nikou D, Blagborough AM, Vontas J, Sinden RE, Williamson MS, Field LM, 2008. PCR-based detection of Plasmodium in Anopheles mosquitoes: a comparison of a new high-throughput assay with existing methods. Malar J 7: e177.
Beier JC, 1996. Frequent blood-feeding and restrictive sugar-feeding behavior enhance the malaria vector potential of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Kenya. J Med Entomol 33: 613–618.
Briegel H, Horler E, 1993. Multiple blood meals as a reproductive strategy in Anopheles (Diptera: Culcidae). J Med Entomol 30: 975–985.
Kane NS, Hirschberg B, Qian S, Hunt D, Thomas B, Brochu R, Ludmerer SW, Zheng Y, Smith M, Arena JP, Cohen CJ, Schmatz D, Warmke J, Cully DF, 2000. Drug-resistant Drosophila indicates glutamate-gated chloride channels are targets for the antiparasitics nodulisporic acid and ivermectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 13949–13954.
Chabala JC, Mrozik H, Tolman RL, Eskola P, Lusi A, Peterson LH, Woods MF, Fisher MH, 1980. Ivermectin, a new broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. J Med Chem 23: 1134–1136.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1476 | 1146 | 243 |
Full Text Views | 934 | 21 | 5 |
PDF Downloads | 348 | 24 | 6 |