ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2009. Human and Animal Rabies. Available at: http://www.who.int/rabies/en. Accessed September 8, 2009.
-
2.
Knobel DL, Cleaveland S, Coleman PG, Fèvre EM, Meltzer MI, Miranda ME, 2005. Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia. Bull World Health Organ 83: 360–368.
-
3.
Denduangboripant J, Wacharapluesadee S, Lumlertdacha B, Ruankaew N, Hoonsuwan W, Puanghat A, Hemachudha T, 2005. Transmission dynamics of rabies virus in Thailand: implications for disease control. BMC Infect Dis 5: 52.
-
4.
Division of Epidemiology, 2008. Summary of Notifiable Diseases. Annual Epidemiology Surveillance Report. Available at: http://203.157.15.4/Annual/Annual%202551/Part2_51/Annual_MenuPart2_51.html. Accessed September 8, 2009.
-
5.
Bowen-Davies J, Lowings P, 2000. Current perspectives on rabies 2. Review of classical rabies and its control. In practice 22: 170–175.
-
6.
Ott RL, 1983. Systemic viral disease: neurologic virus infection, rabies. Pratt PW, ed. Feline Medicine. First edition. Santa Barbara, CA: American Veterinary Publication Inc, 101–106.
-
7.
Hudson LC, Weinstock D, Jordan T, Bold-Fletcher NO, 1996. Clinical features of experimentally induced rabies in cattle and sheep. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 43: 85–95.
-
8.
Ikede BO, 1999. Diseases caused by viruses and Chlamydia-II. Radostists OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW, eds. Veterinary Medicine. Ninth edition. New York: W.B. Saunders, 1201–1208.
-
9.
Wilde H, 2005. Fox rabies in India. Clin Infect Dis 40: 614–615.
-
10.
Kasempimolporn S, Sichanasai B, Saengseesom W, Puempumpanich S, Sitprija V, 2008. Stray dogs in Bangkok, Thailand: rabies virus infection and rabies antibody prevalence. Dev Biol (Basel) 131: 137–143.
-
11.
Wilde H, Chutivongse S, Tepsumethanon W, Choomkasien P, Polsuwan C, Lumbertdacha B, 1991. Rabies in Thailand: 1990. Rev Infect Dis 13: 644–652.
-
12.
Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, 2009. Rabies Control and Prevention Plan. Available at: http://www.dld.go.th/dcontrol/02Planning/Planning52/Planning52.htm. Accessed September 15, 2009.
-
13.
Kasempimolporn S, Jitapunkul S, Sitprija V, 2008. Moving towards the elimination of rabies in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 91: 433–437.
-
14.
Kongkaew W, Coleman P, Pfeiffer DU, Antarasena C, Thiptara A, 2004. Vaccination coverage and epidemiological parameters of the owned-dog population in Thungsong District, Thailand. Prev Vet Med 65: 105–115.
-
15.
Tepsumethanon V, Wilde H, Meslin FX, 2005. Six criteria for rabies diagnosis in living dogs. J Med Assoc Thai 88: 419–422.
-
16.
Thai Meteorological Department, 2009. Available at: http://www.tmd.go.th/info/info.php?FileID=23. Accessed August 13, 2009.
-
17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003. Protocol for Postmortem Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals by Direct Fluorescent Antibody Testing: A Minimum Standard for Rabies Diagnosis in the United States. Available at: http:www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/Professional/publication/DFA_Diagnosis/DFA. Accessed August 13, 2009.
-
18.
Markson LM, Upcott DH, Hebert CN, 1971. A biological test for rabies using suckling mice. Trop Anim Health Prod 3: 89–92.
-
19.
Hosmer DW, Lemes S, 2000. Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression. Applied Logistic Regression. Second edition. New York: John Wiley and Son Inc., 91–143.
-
20.
Department of Provincial Administration, 2009. Annual Report of Population Density. Available at: http://www.dopa.go.th/stat/y_stat.html. Accessed September 17, 2009.
-
21.
Mitmoonpitak C, Wilde H, Tepsumetanon V, 1997. Current status of animal rabies in Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 59: 457–460.
-
22.
Chomel B, Chappuis G, Bullon F, Cardenas E, de Beublain TD, Lombard M, Giambruno E, 1988. Mass vaccination campaign against rabies: are dogs correctly protected? The Peruvian experience. Rev Infect Dis 10: 697–702.
-
23.
Mitmoonpitak C, Tepsumethanon V, 2002. Dog rabies in Bangkok. J Med Assoc Thai 85: 71–76.
-
24.
Flores-Ibarra M, Estrella-Valenzuela G, 2004. Canine ecology and socioeconomic factors associated with dogs unvaccinated against rabies in a Mexican city across the US-Mexico border. Prev Vet Med 62: 79–87.
-
25.
da Silva LH, Bissoto CE, Delbem AC, Ferrari CI, Perri SH, Nunes CM, 2004. Canine rabies epidemiology in Araçatuba and neighborhood, northwestern São Paulo State-Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 37: 139–142.
-
26.
Ratsitorahina M, Rasambainarivo JH, Raharimanana S, Rakotonandrasana H, Andriamiarisoa MP, Rakalomanana FA, Richard V, 2007. Dog ecology and demography in Antananarivo. BMC Vet Res 5: 1–7.
-
27.
Eng TR, Fishbein DB, Talamante HE, Hall DB, Chavez GF, Dobbins JG, Muro FJ, Bustos JL, de los Angeles Ricardy M, Munguia A, 1993. Urban epizootic of rabies in Mexico: epidemiology and impact of animal bite injuries. Bull World Health Organ 71: 615–624.
-
28.
Blanton JD, Palmer D, Rupprecht CE, 2010. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2009. J Am Vet Med Assoc 237: 646–657.
-
29.
Meesomboon V, 1985. Epidemiology of rabies in Thailand. Kuwert E, Merieux C, Koprowski H, Bogel K, eds. Rabies in the Tropics. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 721–725.
-
30.
Coleman PG, Dye C, 1996. Immunization coverage required to prevent outbreaks of dog rabies. Vaccine 14: 185–186.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 602 | 460 | 45 |
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Epidemiologic Trends of Rabies in Domestic Animals in Southern Thailand, 1994–2008
Anyarat Thiptara
Anyarat Thiptara
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat, Thailand
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Edward R. Atwill
Edward R. Atwill
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat, Thailand
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Wandee Kongkaew
Wandee Kongkaew
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat, Thailand
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Bruno B. Chomel
Bruno B. Chomel
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat, Thailand
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Rabies and associated risk factors in dogs, cats and cattle (n = 3,454) in southern Thailand during 1994–2008 were evaluated by using a mixed-effect logistic regression model. Overall prevalence was 48%. In dogs, odds of being rabid were 1.7 times higher in unvaccinated dogs than in vaccinated dogs and two times higher in dogs with bite history than in dogs with no known bite history. Similarly, aggressive dogs were more likely to be rabid than non-aggressive dogs. In cattle, aggression, pharyngeal paralysis, hyperactivity, and depression were clinical signs associated with being rabid. Annual fluctuations of the species-specific prevalence of rabies is suggestive of a positive correlation between canine and either feline (r = 0.60, P = 0.05) or bovine rabies (r = 0.78, P = 0.004). Insufficient vaccination coverage led to maintenance of rabies, which could be easily controlled by increased vaccine coverage and public education.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study supported by the Royal Thai government and the Master of Preventive Veterinary Medicine program at the University of California at Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine.
Authors' addresses: Anyarat Thiptara, MPVM Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, and Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Teewang, Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat 80000, Thailand, and Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, E-mails: thiptara9@yahoo.com, thiptara9@dld.go.th, and athiptara@ucdavis.edu. Edward R. Atwill, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, E-mail: ratwill@ucdavis.edu. Wandee Kongkaew, PhD Program, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom and Epidemiology Section, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Southern Region), Teewang, Thungsong, Nakhon-si-thammarat 80000 Thailand, E-mails: w.kongkaew@sms.ed.ac.uk and k_wand18@yahoo.com. Bruno B. Chomel, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, E-mail: bbchomel@ucdavis.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2009. Human and Animal Rabies. Available at: http://www.who.int/rabies/en. Accessed September 8, 2009.
-
2.
Knobel DL, Cleaveland S, Coleman PG, Fèvre EM, Meltzer MI, Miranda ME, 2005. Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia. Bull World Health Organ 83: 360–368.
-
3.
Denduangboripant J, Wacharapluesadee S, Lumlertdacha B, Ruankaew N, Hoonsuwan W, Puanghat A, Hemachudha T, 2005. Transmission dynamics of rabies virus in Thailand: implications for disease control. BMC Infect Dis 5: 52.
-
4.
Division of Epidemiology, 2008. Summary of Notifiable Diseases. Annual Epidemiology Surveillance Report. Available at: http://203.157.15.4/Annual/Annual%202551/Part2_51/Annual_MenuPart2_51.html. Accessed September 8, 2009.
-
5.
Bowen-Davies J, Lowings P, 2000. Current perspectives on rabies 2. Review of classical rabies and its control. In practice 22: 170–175.
-
6.
Ott RL, 1983. Systemic viral disease: neurologic virus infection, rabies. Pratt PW, ed. Feline Medicine. First edition. Santa Barbara, CA: American Veterinary Publication Inc, 101–106.
-
7.
Hudson LC, Weinstock D, Jordan T, Bold-Fletcher NO, 1996. Clinical features of experimentally induced rabies in cattle and sheep. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 43: 85–95.
-
8.
Ikede BO, 1999. Diseases caused by viruses and Chlamydia-II. Radostists OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW, eds. Veterinary Medicine. Ninth edition. New York: W.B. Saunders, 1201–1208.
-
9.
Wilde H, 2005. Fox rabies in India. Clin Infect Dis 40: 614–615.
-
10.
Kasempimolporn S, Sichanasai B, Saengseesom W, Puempumpanich S, Sitprija V, 2008. Stray dogs in Bangkok, Thailand: rabies virus infection and rabies antibody prevalence. Dev Biol (Basel) 131: 137–143.
-
11.
Wilde H, Chutivongse S, Tepsumethanon W, Choomkasien P, Polsuwan C, Lumbertdacha B, 1991. Rabies in Thailand: 1990. Rev Infect Dis 13: 644–652.
-
12.
Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, 2009. Rabies Control and Prevention Plan. Available at: http://www.dld.go.th/dcontrol/02Planning/Planning52/Planning52.htm. Accessed September 15, 2009.
-
13.
Kasempimolporn S, Jitapunkul S, Sitprija V, 2008. Moving towards the elimination of rabies in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 91: 433–437.
-
14.
Kongkaew W, Coleman P, Pfeiffer DU, Antarasena C, Thiptara A, 2004. Vaccination coverage and epidemiological parameters of the owned-dog population in Thungsong District, Thailand. Prev Vet Med 65: 105–115.
-
15.
Tepsumethanon V, Wilde H, Meslin FX, 2005. Six criteria for rabies diagnosis in living dogs. J Med Assoc Thai 88: 419–422.
-
16.
Thai Meteorological Department, 2009. Available at: http://www.tmd.go.th/info/info.php?FileID=23. Accessed August 13, 2009.
-
17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003. Protocol for Postmortem Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals by Direct Fluorescent Antibody Testing: A Minimum Standard for Rabies Diagnosis in the United States. Available at: http:www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/Professional/publication/DFA_Diagnosis/DFA. Accessed August 13, 2009.
-
18.
Markson LM, Upcott DH, Hebert CN, 1971. A biological test for rabies using suckling mice. Trop Anim Health Prod 3: 89–92.
-
19.
Hosmer DW, Lemes S, 2000. Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression. Applied Logistic Regression. Second edition. New York: John Wiley and Son Inc., 91–143.
-
20.
Department of Provincial Administration, 2009. Annual Report of Population Density. Available at: http://www.dopa.go.th/stat/y_stat.html. Accessed September 17, 2009.
-
21.
Mitmoonpitak C, Wilde H, Tepsumetanon V, 1997. Current status of animal rabies in Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 59: 457–460.
-
22.
Chomel B, Chappuis G, Bullon F, Cardenas E, de Beublain TD, Lombard M, Giambruno E, 1988. Mass vaccination campaign against rabies: are dogs correctly protected? The Peruvian experience. Rev Infect Dis 10: 697–702.
-
23.
Mitmoonpitak C, Tepsumethanon V, 2002. Dog rabies in Bangkok. J Med Assoc Thai 85: 71–76.
-
24.
Flores-Ibarra M, Estrella-Valenzuela G, 2004. Canine ecology and socioeconomic factors associated with dogs unvaccinated against rabies in a Mexican city across the US-Mexico border. Prev Vet Med 62: 79–87.
-
25.
da Silva LH, Bissoto CE, Delbem AC, Ferrari CI, Perri SH, Nunes CM, 2004. Canine rabies epidemiology in Araçatuba and neighborhood, northwestern São Paulo State-Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 37: 139–142.
-
26.
Ratsitorahina M, Rasambainarivo JH, Raharimanana S, Rakotonandrasana H, Andriamiarisoa MP, Rakalomanana FA, Richard V, 2007. Dog ecology and demography in Antananarivo. BMC Vet Res 5: 1–7.
-
27.
Eng TR, Fishbein DB, Talamante HE, Hall DB, Chavez GF, Dobbins JG, Muro FJ, Bustos JL, de los Angeles Ricardy M, Munguia A, 1993. Urban epizootic of rabies in Mexico: epidemiology and impact of animal bite injuries. Bull World Health Organ 71: 615–624.
-
28.
Blanton JD, Palmer D, Rupprecht CE, 2010. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2009. J Am Vet Med Assoc 237: 646–657.
-
29.
Meesomboon V, 1985. Epidemiology of rabies in Thailand. Kuwert E, Merieux C, Koprowski H, Bogel K, eds. Rabies in the Tropics. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 721–725.
-
30.
Coleman PG, Dye C, 1996. Immunization coverage required to prevent outbreaks of dog rabies. Vaccine 14: 185–186.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 602 | 460 | 45 |
| Full Text Views | 1049 | 24 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 257 | 18 | 0 |