Gubler D, Zaki S, 1998. Dengue and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Nelson AM, Horsburgh CR, eds. Pathology of Emerging Infections. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue WHO: Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Deen JL, Harris E, Wills B, Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Rocha C, Dung NM, Hung NT, Hien TT, Farrar JJ, 2006.The WHO dengue classification and case definitions: time for a reassessment. Lancet 368: 170–173.
Shibani B, Lucy CSL, Axel K, 2006. Classifying dengue: a review of the difficulties in using the WHO case classification for dengue haemorrhagic fever. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1238–1255.
Raymond CSS, Eng Eong O, Hwee Bee W, Nicholas IP, 2005. An outbreak of primary dengue infection among migrant Chinese workers in Singapore characterized by prominent gastrointestinal symptoms and a high proportion of symptomatic cases. J Clin Virology 33: 336–340.
McBride WJ, Mullner H, LaBrooy JT, Wronski I, 1998. The 1993 dengue 2 epidemic in Charters Towers, North Queensland: clinical features and public health impact. Epidemiol Infect 121: 151–156.
Halstead S, 2003. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 60: 421–467.
Kuno G, 2009. Emergence of the severe syndrome and mortality associated with dengue and dengue-like illness: historical records (1890 to 1950) and their compatibility with current hypotheses on the shift of disease manifestation. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 186–201.
Halstead S, Nimmannitya S, Yamarat C, Russell P, 1967. Hemorrhagic fever in Thailand; recent knowledge regarding etiology. Jpn J Med Sci Biol Dec(20 Suppl): 96–103.
Russell PK, Yuill TM, Nisalak A, Udomsakdi S, Gould DJ, Winter PE, 1968. An insular outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever: II. Virologic and serologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17: 600–608.
Morens D, 1994. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and the pathogenesis of viral disease. Clin Infect Dis 19: 500–512.
Stephens H, 2010. HLA and other gene associations with dengue disease severity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 338: 99–114.
WHO, 2009. Available at: www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/AB5C4FB4-58C5-4CFA-BD92-03C107E62B6F/0/DenguesituationinWPRO_2009.gif. Accessed April 21, 2011.
Bouldouyre MA, Baumann F, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chungue E, Lacassin F, 2006. Factors of severity at admission during an epidemic of dengue 1 in New Caledonia (South Pacific) in 2003. Scand J Infect Dis 38: 675–681.
Nuegoonpipat A, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chow V, Endy T, Lowry K, Mai le Q, Ninh TU, Pyke A, Reid M, Reynes JM, Su Yun ST, Thu HM, Wong SS, Holmes EC, Aaskov J, 2004. Sustained transmission of dengue virus type 1 in the Pacific due to repeated introductions of different Asian strains. Virology 329: 505–512.
Rodhain F, Gaxotte P, Boutonnier A, 1980. Results of an entomological survey of mosquitoes (diptera:Culicidae) in Hermit Islands and Wuvulu Island (Papua, New Guinea). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 73: 214–219.
Wang E, Ni H, Xu R, Barrett AD, Watowich SJ, Gubler DJ, Weaver SC, 2000. Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. J Virol 74: 3227–3234.
Zigas VDR, 1973. An outbreak of dengue in the Rabaul community. P N G Med J 16: 42–45.
Gaxotte P, Rodhain F, Ardoin P, Hannoun C, 1975. A sero-epidemiologic survey on arbovirus in Wuvulu Island. Trop Geogr Med 27: 405–408.
Kiedrzynski T, Souarès Y et al., 1995. Dengue in the Pacific: an updated story. Pacific Health Dialog 5: 129–136.
Hanna JNRS, Richards AR, Taylor CT, Pyke AT, Montgomery BL, Piispanen JP, Morgan AK, Humphreys JL, 2006. Multiple outbreaks of dengue serotype 2 in north Queensland. Aust N Z J Public Health 30: 220–225.
Richards AL, Bagus R, Baso SM, Follows GA, Tan R, Graham RR, Sandjaja B, Corwin AL, Punjabi N, 1997. The first reported outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 49–55.
Cuzzubbo AJ, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Solomon T, Kalayanarooj S, Aaskov J, Dung NM, Devine PL, 2000. Comparison of PanBio dengue duo IgM and IgG capture ELISA and venture technologies dengue IgM and IgG dot blot. J Clin Virol 16: 135–144.
Porter KR, Widjaja S, Lohita HD, Hadiwijaya SH, Maroef CN, Suharyono W, Tan R, 1999. Evaluation of a commercially available immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosing acute dengue infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 741–744.
Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Solomon T, Dung NM, Cuzzubbo A, Devine PL, 1998. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Clin Microbiol 36: 234–238.
Watanaveeradej V, Endy TP, Samakoses R, Kerdpanich A, Simasathien S, Polprasert N, Aree C, Vaughn DW, Ho C, Nisalak A, 2003. Transplacentally tranferred maternal-infant antibodies to dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 123–128.
Chau TN, Hieu NT, Anders KL, Wolbers M, Lien le B, Hieu LT, Hien TT, Hung NT, Farrar J, Whitehead S, Simmons CP, 2009. Dengue virus infections and maternal antibody decay in a prospective birth cohort study of Vietnamese infants. J Infect Dis 200: 1893–1900.
Vallée J, Dubot-Pérès A, Ounaphom P, Sayavong C, Bryant J, Gonzalez J, 2009. Spatial distribution and risk factors of dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus infection in urban settings: the case of Vientiane, Lao PDR. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1134–1142.
Darcy A, Clothier H, Phillips D, Bakote'e B, Stewart T, 2001. Solomon Islands dengue seroprevalence study–previous circulation of dengue confirmed. P N G Med J 44: 43–47.
Pengsaa K, Limkittikul K, Luxemburger C, Yoksan S, Chambonneau L, Ariyasriwatana C, Lapphra K, Chanthavanich P, Lang J, Sabchareon A, 2008. Age-specific prevalence of dengue antibodies in Bangkok infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27: 461–463.
Hanson J, Taylor C, Richards A, Smith I, Boutlis C, 2004. Japanese encephalitis acquired near Port Moresby: implications for residents and travellers to Papua New Guinea. Med J Aust 181: 282–283.
Johansen CA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Zborowski P, Nisbet DJ, Paru R, Bockarie MJ, Macdonald J, Drew AC, Khromykh TI, Mackenzie JS, 2000. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, 1997–1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 631–638.
James A, 2008. Potts ALR. Clinical and laboratory features that distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic populations. Trop Med Int Health 13: 1328–1340.
Schexneider KI, Reedy EA, 2005. Thrombocytopenia in dengue fever. Curr Hematol Rep 4: 145–148.
Tanner L, Schreiber M, Low JG, Ong A, Tolfvenstam T, Lai YL, Ng LC, Leo YS, Thi Puong L, Vasudevan SG, Simmons CP, Hibberd ML, Ooi EE, 2008. Decision tree algorithms predict the diagnosis and outcome of dengue fever in the early phase of illness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e196.
Gregory CJ, Santiago LM, Arguello DF, Hunsperger E, Tomashek KM, 2010. Clinical and laboratory features that differentiate dengue from other febrile illnesses in an endemic area—Puerto Rico, 2007–2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 922–929.
Halstead SB, Streit TG, Lafontant JG, Putvatana R, Russell K, Sun W, Kanesa-Thasan N, Hayes CG, Watts DM, 2001. Haiti: absence of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 180–183.
Halstead SB, 2008. Dengue. London: Imperial College Press.
Rodhain F, Gaxotte P, 1977. An entomological survey on the mosquitoes of Wuvulu Island, Papua-New Guinea. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 8: 77–79.
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Malaria is a major contributor to the burden of febrile illnesses in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Dengue fever (DF) is likely to contribute; however, its epidemiology in PNG is poorly understood. We performed a prospective age-stratified study in outpatient clinics investigating the prevalence of DF; 578 patients were enrolled, and 317 patients with a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria were tested for dengue. Malaria was confirmed in 52% (301/578, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 48–56%), DF was diagnosed in 8% (46/578, 95% CI = 6–10%), and 40% (95% CI = 36–44%) had neither diagnosis. Among the 317 malaria RDT-negative patients, 14% (45/317, 95% CI = 10–18%) had DF. The seroprevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 83% (204/247, 95% CI = 78–87%), and no dengue hemorrhagic fever was seen. This study provides good evidence for the first time that DF is common in PNG and is responsible for 8% of fever episodes. The common occurrence of DF in a population with presumed previous exposure to dengue is an important observation.
Authors' addresses: Nicolas Senn, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: nicolas.senn@gmail.com. Dagwin Luang-Suarkia, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea and School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, E-mail: dagwins@gmail.com. Doris Manong and Peter Max Siba, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea, E-mails: doris.manong@gmail.com and Peter.Siba@pngimr.org.pg. William John Hannan McBride, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia, E-mail: john.mcbride@theiddoctor.com.
Gubler D, Zaki S, 1998. Dengue and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Nelson AM, Horsburgh CR, eds. Pathology of Emerging Infections. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue WHO: Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Deen JL, Harris E, Wills B, Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Rocha C, Dung NM, Hung NT, Hien TT, Farrar JJ, 2006.The WHO dengue classification and case definitions: time for a reassessment. Lancet 368: 170–173.
Shibani B, Lucy CSL, Axel K, 2006. Classifying dengue: a review of the difficulties in using the WHO case classification for dengue haemorrhagic fever. Trop Med Int Health 11: 1238–1255.
Raymond CSS, Eng Eong O, Hwee Bee W, Nicholas IP, 2005. An outbreak of primary dengue infection among migrant Chinese workers in Singapore characterized by prominent gastrointestinal symptoms and a high proportion of symptomatic cases. J Clin Virology 33: 336–340.
McBride WJ, Mullner H, LaBrooy JT, Wronski I, 1998. The 1993 dengue 2 epidemic in Charters Towers, North Queensland: clinical features and public health impact. Epidemiol Infect 121: 151–156.
Halstead S, 2003. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 60: 421–467.
Kuno G, 2009. Emergence of the severe syndrome and mortality associated with dengue and dengue-like illness: historical records (1890 to 1950) and their compatibility with current hypotheses on the shift of disease manifestation. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 186–201.
Halstead S, Nimmannitya S, Yamarat C, Russell P, 1967. Hemorrhagic fever in Thailand; recent knowledge regarding etiology. Jpn J Med Sci Biol Dec(20 Suppl): 96–103.
Russell PK, Yuill TM, Nisalak A, Udomsakdi S, Gould DJ, Winter PE, 1968. An insular outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever: II. Virologic and serologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 17: 600–608.
Morens D, 1994. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and the pathogenesis of viral disease. Clin Infect Dis 19: 500–512.
Stephens H, 2010. HLA and other gene associations with dengue disease severity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 338: 99–114.
WHO, 2009. Available at: www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/AB5C4FB4-58C5-4CFA-BD92-03C107E62B6F/0/DenguesituationinWPRO_2009.gif. Accessed April 21, 2011.
Bouldouyre MA, Baumann F, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chungue E, Lacassin F, 2006. Factors of severity at admission during an epidemic of dengue 1 in New Caledonia (South Pacific) in 2003. Scand J Infect Dis 38: 675–681.
Nuegoonpipat A, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Chow V, Endy T, Lowry K, Mai le Q, Ninh TU, Pyke A, Reid M, Reynes JM, Su Yun ST, Thu HM, Wong SS, Holmes EC, Aaskov J, 2004. Sustained transmission of dengue virus type 1 in the Pacific due to repeated introductions of different Asian strains. Virology 329: 505–512.
Rodhain F, Gaxotte P, Boutonnier A, 1980. Results of an entomological survey of mosquitoes (diptera:Culicidae) in Hermit Islands and Wuvulu Island (Papua, New Guinea). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 73: 214–219.
Wang E, Ni H, Xu R, Barrett AD, Watowich SJ, Gubler DJ, Weaver SC, 2000. Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. J Virol 74: 3227–3234.
Zigas VDR, 1973. An outbreak of dengue in the Rabaul community. P N G Med J 16: 42–45.
Gaxotte P, Rodhain F, Ardoin P, Hannoun C, 1975. A sero-epidemiologic survey on arbovirus in Wuvulu Island. Trop Geogr Med 27: 405–408.
Kiedrzynski T, Souarès Y et al., 1995. Dengue in the Pacific: an updated story. Pacific Health Dialog 5: 129–136.
Hanna JNRS, Richards AR, Taylor CT, Pyke AT, Montgomery BL, Piispanen JP, Morgan AK, Humphreys JL, 2006. Multiple outbreaks of dengue serotype 2 in north Queensland. Aust N Z J Public Health 30: 220–225.
Richards AL, Bagus R, Baso SM, Follows GA, Tan R, Graham RR, Sandjaja B, Corwin AL, Punjabi N, 1997. The first reported outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 49–55.
Cuzzubbo AJ, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Solomon T, Kalayanarooj S, Aaskov J, Dung NM, Devine PL, 2000. Comparison of PanBio dengue duo IgM and IgG capture ELISA and venture technologies dengue IgM and IgG dot blot. J Clin Virol 16: 135–144.
Porter KR, Widjaja S, Lohita HD, Hadiwijaya SH, Maroef CN, Suharyono W, Tan R, 1999. Evaluation of a commercially available immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosing acute dengue infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 741–744.
Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Solomon T, Dung NM, Cuzzubbo A, Devine PL, 1998. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of dengue virus infection. J Clin Microbiol 36: 234–238.
Watanaveeradej V, Endy TP, Samakoses R, Kerdpanich A, Simasathien S, Polprasert N, Aree C, Vaughn DW, Ho C, Nisalak A, 2003. Transplacentally tranferred maternal-infant antibodies to dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 123–128.
Chau TN, Hieu NT, Anders KL, Wolbers M, Lien le B, Hieu LT, Hien TT, Hung NT, Farrar J, Whitehead S, Simmons CP, 2009. Dengue virus infections and maternal antibody decay in a prospective birth cohort study of Vietnamese infants. J Infect Dis 200: 1893–1900.
Vallée J, Dubot-Pérès A, Ounaphom P, Sayavong C, Bryant J, Gonzalez J, 2009. Spatial distribution and risk factors of dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus infection in urban settings: the case of Vientiane, Lao PDR. Trop Med Int Health 14: 1134–1142.
Darcy A, Clothier H, Phillips D, Bakote'e B, Stewart T, 2001. Solomon Islands dengue seroprevalence study–previous circulation of dengue confirmed. P N G Med J 44: 43–47.
Pengsaa K, Limkittikul K, Luxemburger C, Yoksan S, Chambonneau L, Ariyasriwatana C, Lapphra K, Chanthavanich P, Lang J, Sabchareon A, 2008. Age-specific prevalence of dengue antibodies in Bangkok infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27: 461–463.
Hanson J, Taylor C, Richards A, Smith I, Boutlis C, 2004. Japanese encephalitis acquired near Port Moresby: implications for residents and travellers to Papua New Guinea. Med J Aust 181: 282–283.
Johansen CA, van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA, Zborowski P, Nisbet DJ, Paru R, Bockarie MJ, Macdonald J, Drew AC, Khromykh TI, Mackenzie JS, 2000. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, 1997–1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 631–638.
James A, 2008. Potts ALR. Clinical and laboratory features that distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic populations. Trop Med Int Health 13: 1328–1340.
Schexneider KI, Reedy EA, 2005. Thrombocytopenia in dengue fever. Curr Hematol Rep 4: 145–148.
Tanner L, Schreiber M, Low JG, Ong A, Tolfvenstam T, Lai YL, Ng LC, Leo YS, Thi Puong L, Vasudevan SG, Simmons CP, Hibberd ML, Ooi EE, 2008. Decision tree algorithms predict the diagnosis and outcome of dengue fever in the early phase of illness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e196.
Gregory CJ, Santiago LM, Arguello DF, Hunsperger E, Tomashek KM, 2010. Clinical and laboratory features that differentiate dengue from other febrile illnesses in an endemic area—Puerto Rico, 2007–2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 922–929.
Halstead SB, Streit TG, Lafontant JG, Putvatana R, Russell K, Sun W, Kanesa-Thasan N, Hayes CG, Watts DM, 2001. Haiti: absence of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 180–183.
Halstead SB, 2008. Dengue. London: Imperial College Press.
Rodhain F, Gaxotte P, 1977. An entomological survey on the mosquitoes of Wuvulu Island, Papua-New Guinea. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 8: 77–79.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Abstract Views | 280 | 215 | 47 |
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