Molecular Characterization of Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from India

Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Mirjam Kaestli Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Krishna Sushma Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Mark Mayo Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Leisha Richardson Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Apichai Tuanyok Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Paul Keim Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Daniel Godoy Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Brian G. Spratt Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Bart J. Currie Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

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Multilocus sequence typing of seven isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from India showed considerable diversity, with six different sequence types. Possible dissemination of melioidosis by historical trading routes is supported by links to strains from Southeast Asia, China, and Africa and the presence of the Burkholderia mallei allele of the bimA gene.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Bart J. Currie, Menzies School of Health Research, PO Box 41096, Casuarina NT 0811, Australia. E-mail: bart@menzies.edu.au

Financial support: This work was supported by a project grant (no. 605820) from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, a project grant (UO1AI075568) from the National Institutes of Health, and a program grant (030662) from the Wellcome Trust.

Authors' addresses: Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Kalwaje Eshwara Vandana, and Krishna Sushma, Kasturba Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, E-mails: chiranjay.m@manipal.edu, vandanake@gmail.com, and chummu.dummu@gmail.com. Mirjam Kaestli, Mark Mayo, Leisha Richardson, and Bart J. Currie, Menzies School of Health Research, Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, E-mails: mirjam.kaestli@menzies.edu.au, mark.mayo@menzies.edu.au, leisha.richardson@menzies.edu.au, and bart@menzies.edu.au. Apichai Tuanyok and Paul Keim, Northern Arizona University, MG2 Centre, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, E-mails: Apichai.Tuanyok@nau.edu and Paul.Keim@nau.edu. Daniel Godoy and Brian G. Spratt, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK, E-mails: d.godoy@imperial.ac.uk and b.spratt@imperial.ac.uk.

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