Chippaux JP, 1998. Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation. Bull World Health Organ 76: 515–524.
Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, Gunawardena NK, Pathmeswaran A, Premaratna R, Savioli L, Lalloo DG, de Silva HJ, 2008. The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLoS Med 5: e218.
Liu T, Khanna KM, Chen XP, Fink DJ, Hendricks RL, 2000. CD8 T cells can block Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation from latency in sensory neurons. J Exp Med 191: 1459–1466.
Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky L, Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Work Group, 2004. Acute renal failure—definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 8: R204–R212.
Indian National Snakebite Protocol. Proceedings of the Indian National Snakebite Protocol Consultation Meeting, August 2, 2007; New Delhi, India.
Sharma N, Chauchan S, Faruqi S, Bhat P, Varma S, 2005. Snake envenomation in a north Indian hospital. Emerg Med J 22: 118–120.
Tchbrzewski H, Luciak M, Trznadel K, Majewska E, Pokoca L, 1989. Effect of hemodialysis on T lymphocyte subsets, Con-A-activated suppressor cell activity, and interleukin-2 receptor expression on lymphocytes in chronic uremic patients. Artif Organs 13: 185–189.
Papadimitriou M, Baker LRI, Seitanidis B, Sevitt LH, Kulatilake AE, 1969. White blood count in patients on regular haemodialysis. BMJ 4: 67–69.
Meier P, Dayer E, Blanc E, Wauters JP, 2002. Early T cell activation correlates with expression of apoptosis markers in patients with end stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 204–212.
Lim WH, Kireta S, Russ GR, Coates PT, 2007. Uremia impairs blood dendritic cell function in haemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 71: 1122–1131.
de Jong MA, de Witte L, Bolmstedt A, van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB, 2008. Dendritic cells mediate herpes simplex virus infection and transmission through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN. J Gen Virol 89: 2398–2409.
Kuiz P, Kohler H, Meuer S, Hutteroth T, Hermann K, Zumbuschenfelde M, 1986. Impaired cellular immune responses in chronic renal failure: evidence for a T cell defect. Kidney Int 29: 1209–1212.
Rokyta R Jr, Holub M, Matejovic M, Hanzlikova Z, Helcl M, Novak I, Sramek V, Krouzecky A, Prihodova J, 2002. Continuous venovenous haemofiltration: effects on monocyte and lymphocyte immunophenotype in critically ill patients. Int J Artif Organs 25: 1066–1073.
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Snake bite is an important health hazard in tropical countries and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Herpes labialis is a common ailment caused by the Herpes simplex virus. There is no published data showing any association between the snake bite and development of Herpes labialis. Here, we present a series of patients who developed Herpes labialis after Russell's viper bite and had acute kidney injury. We attempted to find whether snake bite is an immunosuppressed state and whether it could have pre-disposed the patients to the development of these lesions.
Authors' addresses: Rajesh Waikhom, Krishna Patil, Dipankar Sircar, Arpita Roychowdhury, Sanjoy Dasgupta, and Rajendra Pandey, Department of Nephrology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, E-mails: rajesh.waikhom@gmail.com, kpatil1008@gmail.com, deepsircar@gmail.com, lahiri.arpi@gmail.com, dasgupta.sanjay@rediffmail.com, and rajenpandey@vsnl.net. Ranjeeta Sapam, Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital, Imphal Manipur, India, E-mail: ranssapam@gmail.com. Jaya Prada Jadhav, Department of Pathology, Calcuta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, E-mail: drjuijadhav@rediffmail.com.
Chippaux JP, 1998. Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation. Bull World Health Organ 76: 515–524.
Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, Gunawardena NK, Pathmeswaran A, Premaratna R, Savioli L, Lalloo DG, de Silva HJ, 2008. The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLoS Med 5: e218.
Liu T, Khanna KM, Chen XP, Fink DJ, Hendricks RL, 2000. CD8 T cells can block Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation from latency in sensory neurons. J Exp Med 191: 1459–1466.
Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky L, Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Work Group, 2004. Acute renal failure—definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 8: R204–R212.
Indian National Snakebite Protocol. Proceedings of the Indian National Snakebite Protocol Consultation Meeting, August 2, 2007; New Delhi, India.
Sharma N, Chauchan S, Faruqi S, Bhat P, Varma S, 2005. Snake envenomation in a north Indian hospital. Emerg Med J 22: 118–120.
Tchbrzewski H, Luciak M, Trznadel K, Majewska E, Pokoca L, 1989. Effect of hemodialysis on T lymphocyte subsets, Con-A-activated suppressor cell activity, and interleukin-2 receptor expression on lymphocytes in chronic uremic patients. Artif Organs 13: 185–189.
Papadimitriou M, Baker LRI, Seitanidis B, Sevitt LH, Kulatilake AE, 1969. White blood count in patients on regular haemodialysis. BMJ 4: 67–69.
Meier P, Dayer E, Blanc E, Wauters JP, 2002. Early T cell activation correlates with expression of apoptosis markers in patients with end stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 204–212.
Lim WH, Kireta S, Russ GR, Coates PT, 2007. Uremia impairs blood dendritic cell function in haemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 71: 1122–1131.
de Jong MA, de Witte L, Bolmstedt A, van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB, 2008. Dendritic cells mediate herpes simplex virus infection and transmission through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN. J Gen Virol 89: 2398–2409.
Kuiz P, Kohler H, Meuer S, Hutteroth T, Hermann K, Zumbuschenfelde M, 1986. Impaired cellular immune responses in chronic renal failure: evidence for a T cell defect. Kidney Int 29: 1209–1212.
Rokyta R Jr, Holub M, Matejovic M, Hanzlikova Z, Helcl M, Novak I, Sramek V, Krouzecky A, Prihodova J, 2002. Continuous venovenous haemofiltration: effects on monocyte and lymphocyte immunophenotype in critically ill patients. Int J Artif Organs 25: 1066–1073.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1609 | 1499 | 355 |
Full Text Views | 407 | 14 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 121 | 16 | 2 |