Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 28–32.
Halstead SB, Scanlon JE, Umpaivit P, Udomsakdi S, 1969. Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962–1964. IV. Epidemiologic studies in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18: 997–1021.
Rao TR, 1966. Recent epidemics caused by chikungunya virus in India, 1963–1965. Sci Cult 32: 215.
Lumsden WH, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
Carey DE, Myers RM, DeRanitz CM, Jadhav M, Reuben R, 1969. The 1964 chikungunya epidemic at Vellore, South India, including observations on concurrent dengue. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63: 434–445.
Sarkar JK, Chatterjee SN, Chakravarti SK, Mitra AC, 1965. Chikungunya virus infection with haemorrhagic manifestations. Indian J Med Res 53: 921–925.
Tesh RB, 1982. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu Rev Med 33: 31–40.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arbovirus: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–157.
Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, Thiria J, Dehecq JS, Fontenille D, Schuffenecker I, Despres P, Failloux AB, 2007. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. PLoS One 2: e1168.
Lambrechts L, Scott TW, Gubler DJ, 2010. Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e646.
Powers AM, Logue CH, 2007. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88: 2363–2377.
Levitt NH, Ramsburg HH, Hasty SE, Repik PM, Cole FE, Lupton HW, 1986. Development of an attenuated strain of chikungunya virus for use in vaccine production. Vaccine 4: 157–162.
Edelman R, Tacket CO, Wasserman SS, Bodison SA, Perry JG, Mangiafico JA, 2000. Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 681–685.
Wang E, Volkova E, Adams AP, Forrester N, Xiao SY, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2008. Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya. Vaccine 26: 5030–5039.
Aguilar PV, Paessler S, Carrara AS, Baron S, Poast J, Wang E, Moncayo AC, Anishchenko M, Watts D, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. J Virol 79: 11300–11310.
Tsetsarkin K, Higgs S, McGee CE, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Vanlandingham DL, 2006. Infectious clones of Chikungunya virus (La Reunion isolate) for vector competence studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 325–337.
Turell MJ, Malinoski FJ, 1992. Limited potential for mosquito transmission of a live, attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 98–103.
Arrigo NC, Watts DM, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2008. Experimental infection of Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus with two chimeric sindbis/Eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 93–97.
Kenney JL, Adams AP, Weaver SC, 2010. Transmission potential of two chimeric Western equine encephalitis vaccine candidates in Culex tarsalis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 354–359.
Bhatt TR, Crabtree MB, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, Miller BR, 2000. Growth characteristics of the chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax-JE (YF/JE SA14–14–2), in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 480–484.
Higgs S, Vanlandingham DL, Klingler KA, McElroy KL, McGee CE, Harrington L, Lang J, Monath TP, Guirakhoo F, 2006. Growth characteristics of ChimeriVax-Den vaccine viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 986–993.
Reid M, Mackenzie D, Baron A, Lehmann N, Lowry K, Aaskov J, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, 2006. Experimental infection of Culex annulirostris, Culex gelidus, and Aedes vigilax with a yellow fever/Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine chimera (ChimeriVax-JE). Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 659–663.
Whitman L, 1939. Failure of Aedes aegypti to transmit yellow fever cultured virus (17D). Am J Trop Med Hyg 19: 19–26.
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne alphavirus that has caused major epidemics in Africa and Asia. We developed chimeric vaccine candidates using the non-structural protein genes of either Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) attenuated vaccine strain TC-83 or a naturally attenuated strain of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and the structural genes of CHIKV. Because the transmission of genetically modified live vaccine strains is undesirable because of the potentially unpredictable evolution of these viruses as well as the potential for reversion, we evaluated the ability of these vaccines to infect the urban CHIKV vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Both vaccine candidates exhibited significantly lower infection and dissemination rates compared with the parent alphaviruses. Intrathoracic inoculations indicated that reduced infectivity was mediated by midgut infection barriers in both species. These results indicate a low potential for transmission of these vaccine strains in the event that a vaccinee became viremic.
Financial support: This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) through the Western Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U54 AIO57156. J.R.D. was supported by a fellowship from the W. M. Keck Center for Virus Imaging. J.L.K. was supported by a fellowship for training in vector-borne infectious diseases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (TO1/CCT622892) and the NIH-sponsored Emerging Infectious Diseases Training Program (T32-AI07536).
Authors' address: Justin R. Darwin, Joan L. Kenney, and Scott C. Weaver, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: jrdarwin@UTMB.EDU, jlkenney@UTMB.EDU, andsweaver@utmb.edu.
Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 28–32.
Halstead SB, Scanlon JE, Umpaivit P, Udomsakdi S, 1969. Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in man in Thailand, 1962–1964. IV. Epidemiologic studies in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18: 997–1021.
Rao TR, 1966. Recent epidemics caused by chikungunya virus in India, 1963–1965. Sci Cult 32: 215.
Lumsden WH, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
Carey DE, Myers RM, DeRanitz CM, Jadhav M, Reuben R, 1969. The 1964 chikungunya epidemic at Vellore, South India, including observations on concurrent dengue. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63: 434–445.
Sarkar JK, Chatterjee SN, Chakravarti SK, Mitra AC, 1965. Chikungunya virus infection with haemorrhagic manifestations. Indian J Med Res 53: 921–925.
Tesh RB, 1982. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu Rev Med 33: 31–40.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arbovirus: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–157.
Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, Thiria J, Dehecq JS, Fontenille D, Schuffenecker I, Despres P, Failloux AB, 2007. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. PLoS One 2: e1168.
Lambrechts L, Scott TW, Gubler DJ, 2010. Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e646.
Powers AM, Logue CH, 2007. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88: 2363–2377.
Levitt NH, Ramsburg HH, Hasty SE, Repik PM, Cole FE, Lupton HW, 1986. Development of an attenuated strain of chikungunya virus for use in vaccine production. Vaccine 4: 157–162.
Edelman R, Tacket CO, Wasserman SS, Bodison SA, Perry JG, Mangiafico JA, 2000. Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 681–685.
Wang E, Volkova E, Adams AP, Forrester N, Xiao SY, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2008. Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya. Vaccine 26: 5030–5039.
Aguilar PV, Paessler S, Carrara AS, Baron S, Poast J, Wang E, Moncayo AC, Anishchenko M, Watts D, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. J Virol 79: 11300–11310.
Tsetsarkin K, Higgs S, McGee CE, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Vanlandingham DL, 2006. Infectious clones of Chikungunya virus (La Reunion isolate) for vector competence studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 325–337.
Turell MJ, Malinoski FJ, 1992. Limited potential for mosquito transmission of a live, attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 98–103.
Arrigo NC, Watts DM, Frolov I, Weaver SC, 2008. Experimental infection of Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus with two chimeric sindbis/Eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 93–97.
Kenney JL, Adams AP, Weaver SC, 2010. Transmission potential of two chimeric Western equine encephalitis vaccine candidates in Culex tarsalis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 354–359.
Bhatt TR, Crabtree MB, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, Miller BR, 2000. Growth characteristics of the chimeric Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, ChimeriVax-JE (YF/JE SA14–14–2), in Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 480–484.
Higgs S, Vanlandingham DL, Klingler KA, McElroy KL, McGee CE, Harrington L, Lang J, Monath TP, Guirakhoo F, 2006. Growth characteristics of ChimeriVax-Den vaccine viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 986–993.
Reid M, Mackenzie D, Baron A, Lehmann N, Lowry K, Aaskov J, Guirakhoo F, Monath TP, 2006. Experimental infection of Culex annulirostris, Culex gelidus, and Aedes vigilax with a yellow fever/Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine chimera (ChimeriVax-JE). Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 659–663.
Whitman L, 1939. Failure of Aedes aegypti to transmit yellow fever cultured virus (17D). Am J Trop Med Hyg 19: 19–26.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1639 | 1487 | 42 |
Full Text Views | 289 | 13 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 84 | 16 | 0 |