ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 1992. The Prevalence of Anaemia in Women: A Tabulation of Available Information. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Jones JL, Ward JW, 1998. Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 91: 301–308.
-
3.
Onyekachi I, 2001. Maximizing response to erythropoietin in treating HIV-associated anemia. Cleve Clin J Med 68: 643–648.
-
4.
Shah I, Murthy AK, 2005. Aplastic anemia in an HIV infected child. Indian J Pediatr 72: 359–361.
-
5.
O'Brien ME, Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Saathoff E, Hunter DJ, Fawzi WW, 2005. Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality and immunologic progression of disease among women with HIV in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40: 219–225.
-
6.
Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, Mayer KH, Schuman P, Vlahov D, 2002. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of and risk factors for anemia in a multicenter cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus infected and -uninfected women. Clin Infect Dis 34: 260–266.
-
7.
Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton SE, Dietrich M, Proenca R, Colebunders R, Pradier C, dArminio Monforte A, Ledergerber B, Lundgren JD, 1999. Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. EuroSIDA study group. AIDS 13: 943–950.
-
8.
Semba RD, Martin BK, Kempen JH, Thorne JE, Wu AW, Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group, 2005. The impact of anemia on energy and physical functioning in individuals with AIDS. Arch Intern Med 165: 2229–2236.
-
9.
Revicki DA, Brown RE, Henry DH, McNeill MV, Rios A, Watson T, 1994. Recombinant human erythropoietin and health-related quality of life of AIDS patients with anemia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7: 474–484.
-
10.
Semba RD, 2003. Iron-deficiency anemia and the cycle of poverty among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in the inner city. Clin Infect Dis 37 (Suppl 2): S105–S111.
-
11.
Abrams DI, Steinhart C, Frascino R, 2000. Epoetin alfa therapy for anaemia in HIV-infected patients: impact on quality of life. Int J STD AIDS 11: 659–665.
-
12.
Miller MF, Humphrey JH, Iliff PJ, Malaba LC, Mbuya NV, Stoltzfus RJ; ZVITAMBO Study Group, 2006. Neonatal erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean babies during the first year of life: a longitudinal study. BMC Infect Dis 6: 1.
-
13.
Semba RD, Gray GE, 2001. Pathogenesis of anemia during human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Investig Med 49: 225–239.
-
14.
Morelli P, Bestetti G, Longhi E, Parravicini C, Corbellino M, Meroni L, 2007. Persistent parvovirus B19-induced anemia in an HIV-infected patient under HAART. Case report and review of literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 833–837.
-
15.
Belperio PS, Rhew DC, 2004. Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 116 (Suppl 7A): 27S–43S.
-
16.
Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, Mayer KH, Schuman P, Gardner LI, Vlahov D, HER (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research) Study Group, 2001. Highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS 15: 473–480.
-
17.
Moyle G, Sawyer W, Law M, Amin J, Hill A, 2004. Changes in hematologic parameters and efficacy of thymidine analogue-based, highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis of six prospective, randomized, comparative studies. Clin Ther 26: 92–97.
-
18.
Henry DH, Beall GN, Benson CA, Carey J, Cone LA, Eron LJ, Fiala M, Fischl MA, Gabin SJ, Gottlieb MS, 1992. Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and zidovudine therapy. Overview of four clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 117: 739–748.
-
19.
Claster S, 2002. Biology of anemia, differential diagnosis, and treatment options in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 185: 105–109.
-
20.
Beutler E, Waalen J, 2006. The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107: 1747–1750.
-
21.
Mugisha JO, Shafer LA, Ven der Paal L, Mayanja BN, Eotu H, Hughes P, Whitworth JAG, Grosskurth H, 2008. Anaemia in a rural Ugandan HIV cohort: prevalence at enrolment, incidence, diagnosis and associated factors. Trop Med Int Health 13: 788–794.
-
22.
Nadler JP, Wills T, Somboonwit C, 2004. Anemia prevalence and associated risk factors in a single-center ambulatory HIV clinical cohort. AIDS Read 14: 305–310.
-
23.
Shah S, Whalen C, Kotler DP, Mayanja H, Namale A, Melikian G, Mugerwa R, Semba RD, 2001. Severity of human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with decreased phase angle, fat mass and body cell mass in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Uganda. J Nutr 131: 2843–2847.
-
24.
Jam S, Ramezani A, Sabzvari D, Moradmand-Badie B, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jabbari H, Fattahi F, Mohraz M, 2009. A cross-sectional study of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Iran. Arch Iran Med 12: 145–150.
-
25.
Spiga MG, Weidner DA, Trentesaux C, LeBoeuf RD, Sommadossi JP, 1999. Inhibition of beta-globin gene expression by 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine in human erythroid progenitor cells. Antiviral Res 44: 167–177.
-
26.
Moore RD, Forney D, 2002. Anemia in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29: 54–57.
-
27.
Semba RD, Shah N, Vlahov D, 2001. Improvement of anemia among HIV-infected injection drug users receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26: 315–319.
-
28.
Van Lettow M, West CE, van der Meer JW, Wieringa FT, Semba RD, 2005. Low plasma selenium concentrations, high plasma human immunodeficiency virus load and high interleukin-6 concentrations are risk factors associated with anemia in adults presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zomba district, Malawi. Eur J Clin Nutr 59: 526–532.
-
29.
Lewis DK, Whitty CJ, Walsh AL, Epino H, Van den Broek RN, Letsky AE, Munthali C, Mukiibi MJ, Boeree JM, 2005. Treatable factors associated with severe anaemia in adults admitted to medical wards in Blantyre, Malawi, an area of high HIV seroprevalence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 561–567.
-
30.
Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE, 1998. Anemia and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19: 29–33.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 310 | 285 | 94 |
| Full Text Views | 349 | 15 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 96 | 14 | 7 |
Anemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Uninfected Women in Rwanda
Florence Masaisa
Florence Masaisa
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Medical Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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Jean Bosco Gahutu
Jean Bosco Gahutu
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Medical Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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Joshua Mukiibi
Joshua Mukiibi
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Medical Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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Joris Delanghe
Joris Delanghe
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Medical Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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Jan Philippé
Jan Philippé
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Medical Biology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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To determine the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women in Rwanda and the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on anemia, we analyzed 200 HIV-positive women and 50 HIV-negative women in a cross-sectional study. Clinical examinations and iron and vitamin B12 assays were performed, and complete blood counts, serum folic acid levels, and CD4 cell count determined. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher among HIV-positive women (29%) than among HIV-negative women (8%) (P < 0.001). Risk factors for anemia were lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4–4.1), zidovudine use (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.29), lack of HAART (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.21–1.67), oral candidiasis (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.6), pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.7–2.2), cryptococcal meningitis (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.21–1.8), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20–1.65) and CD4 lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.01–3.07). The mean ± SD hemoglobin level of 10.9 ± 1.6 g/dL at HAART initiation significantly increased to 12.3 ± 1.5 g/dL in 8 months (P < 0.001). Anemia increases with HIV stage, and HAART is associated with a significant improvement in hemoglobin levels.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the Flemish InterUniversity Council in cooperation with the National University of Rwanda, Faculty of Medicine. Project reference: ZEIN2007PR342.
Authors' addresses: Florence Masaisa, Jean Bosco Gahutu, and Joshua Mukiibi, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda, E-mails: kabasius@yahoo.fr, jgahutu@nur.ac.rw, and jmukiibi@nur.ac.rw. Joris Delanghe and Jan Philippé, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, E-mails: joris.delanghe@ugent.be and jan.philippe@ugent.be.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 1992. The Prevalence of Anaemia in Women: A Tabulation of Available Information. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Jones JL, Ward JW, 1998. Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 91: 301–308.
-
3.
Onyekachi I, 2001. Maximizing response to erythropoietin in treating HIV-associated anemia. Cleve Clin J Med 68: 643–648.
-
4.
Shah I, Murthy AK, 2005. Aplastic anemia in an HIV infected child. Indian J Pediatr 72: 359–361.
-
5.
O'Brien ME, Kupka R, Msamanga GI, Saathoff E, Hunter DJ, Fawzi WW, 2005. Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality and immunologic progression of disease among women with HIV in Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40: 219–225.
-
6.
Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, Mayer KH, Schuman P, Vlahov D, 2002. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of and risk factors for anemia in a multicenter cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus infected and -uninfected women. Clin Infect Dis 34: 260–266.
-
7.
Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton SE, Dietrich M, Proenca R, Colebunders R, Pradier C, dArminio Monforte A, Ledergerber B, Lundgren JD, 1999. Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. EuroSIDA study group. AIDS 13: 943–950.
-
8.
Semba RD, Martin BK, Kempen JH, Thorne JE, Wu AW, Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group, 2005. The impact of anemia on energy and physical functioning in individuals with AIDS. Arch Intern Med 165: 2229–2236.
-
9.
Revicki DA, Brown RE, Henry DH, McNeill MV, Rios A, Watson T, 1994. Recombinant human erythropoietin and health-related quality of life of AIDS patients with anemia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 7: 474–484.
-
10.
Semba RD, 2003. Iron-deficiency anemia and the cycle of poverty among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in the inner city. Clin Infect Dis 37 (Suppl 2): S105–S111.
-
11.
Abrams DI, Steinhart C, Frascino R, 2000. Epoetin alfa therapy for anaemia in HIV-infected patients: impact on quality of life. Int J STD AIDS 11: 659–665.
-
12.
Miller MF, Humphrey JH, Iliff PJ, Malaba LC, Mbuya NV, Stoltzfus RJ; ZVITAMBO Study Group, 2006. Neonatal erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Zimbabwean babies during the first year of life: a longitudinal study. BMC Infect Dis 6: 1.
-
13.
Semba RD, Gray GE, 2001. Pathogenesis of anemia during human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Investig Med 49: 225–239.
-
14.
Morelli P, Bestetti G, Longhi E, Parravicini C, Corbellino M, Meroni L, 2007. Persistent parvovirus B19-induced anemia in an HIV-infected patient under HAART. Case report and review of literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 833–837.
-
15.
Belperio PS, Rhew DC, 2004. Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 116 (Suppl 7A): 27S–43S.
-
16.
Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, Mayer KH, Schuman P, Gardner LI, Vlahov D, HER (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research) Study Group, 2001. Highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS 15: 473–480.
-
17.
Moyle G, Sawyer W, Law M, Amin J, Hill A, 2004. Changes in hematologic parameters and efficacy of thymidine analogue-based, highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis of six prospective, randomized, comparative studies. Clin Ther 26: 92–97.
-
18.
Henry DH, Beall GN, Benson CA, Carey J, Cone LA, Eron LJ, Fiala M, Fischl MA, Gabin SJ, Gottlieb MS, 1992. Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and zidovudine therapy. Overview of four clinical trials. Ann Intern Med 117: 739–748.
-
19.
Claster S, 2002. Biology of anemia, differential diagnosis, and treatment options in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 185: 105–109.
-
20.
Beutler E, Waalen J, 2006. The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration? Blood 107: 1747–1750.
-
21.
Mugisha JO, Shafer LA, Ven der Paal L, Mayanja BN, Eotu H, Hughes P, Whitworth JAG, Grosskurth H, 2008. Anaemia in a rural Ugandan HIV cohort: prevalence at enrolment, incidence, diagnosis and associated factors. Trop Med Int Health 13: 788–794.
-
22.
Nadler JP, Wills T, Somboonwit C, 2004. Anemia prevalence and associated risk factors in a single-center ambulatory HIV clinical cohort. AIDS Read 14: 305–310.
-
23.
Shah S, Whalen C, Kotler DP, Mayanja H, Namale A, Melikian G, Mugerwa R, Semba RD, 2001. Severity of human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with decreased phase angle, fat mass and body cell mass in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Uganda. J Nutr 131: 2843–2847.
-
24.
Jam S, Ramezani A, Sabzvari D, Moradmand-Badie B, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jabbari H, Fattahi F, Mohraz M, 2009. A cross-sectional study of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Iran. Arch Iran Med 12: 145–150.
-
25.
Spiga MG, Weidner DA, Trentesaux C, LeBoeuf RD, Sommadossi JP, 1999. Inhibition of beta-globin gene expression by 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine in human erythroid progenitor cells. Antiviral Res 44: 167–177.
-
26.
Moore RD, Forney D, 2002. Anemia in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29: 54–57.
-
27.
Semba RD, Shah N, Vlahov D, 2001. Improvement of anemia among HIV-infected injection drug users receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26: 315–319.
-
28.
Van Lettow M, West CE, van der Meer JW, Wieringa FT, Semba RD, 2005. Low plasma selenium concentrations, high plasma human immunodeficiency virus load and high interleukin-6 concentrations are risk factors associated with anemia in adults presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zomba district, Malawi. Eur J Clin Nutr 59: 526–532.
-
29.
Lewis DK, Whitty CJ, Walsh AL, Epino H, Van den Broek RN, Letsky AE, Munthali C, Mukiibi MJ, Boeree JM, 2005. Treatable factors associated with severe anaemia in adults admitted to medical wards in Blantyre, Malawi, an area of high HIV seroprevalence. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 561–567.
-
30.
Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE, 1998. Anemia and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 19: 29–33.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 310 | 285 | 94 |
| Full Text Views | 349 | 15 | 5 |
| PDF Downloads | 96 | 14 | 7 |