- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Study area and population.
- Blood collection and malaria diagnosis.
- Duffy blood group typing.
- Specific antimalarial antibody detection.
- Membrane feeding assays (MFA).
- Presence of TB activity in non-infected individuals.
- Potency of TB activity.
- Influence of complement on parasite development.
- Duration of TB activity.
- TB responses using heterologous parasites.
- Statistical analysis.
- Results
- Antibodies against P. vivax parasite blood forms and Fy antigen.
- Prevalence of TB activity in non-infected individuals.
- Potency of TB activity.
- Influence of the complement system in parasite development.
- Duration of TB activity in individuals carrying TB antibodies.
- TB activity on heterologous P. vivax strains.
- Discussion
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Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Transmission-Blocking Activity in Low to Moderate Malaria Transmission Settings of the Colombian Pacific Coast
Malaria infection induces antibodies capable of suppressing the infectivity of gametocytes and gametes, however, little is known about the duration of the antibody response, the parasite specificity, and the role of complement. We report the analyses of the transmission-blocking (TB) activity of sera collected from 105 Plasmodium vivax-infected and 44 non-infected individuals from a malaria endemic region of Colombia, using a membrane feeding assay in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. In infected donors we found that TB activity was antibody dose dependent (35%), lasted for 2–4 months after infection, and in 70% of the cases different P. vivax wild isolates displayed differential susceptibility to blocking antibodies. Additionally, in a number of assays TB was complement-dependent. Twenty-seven percent of non-infected individuals presented TB activity that correlated with antibody titers. Studies here provide preliminary data on factors of great importance for further work on the development of TB vaccines.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through Tropical Medicine Research Centers NIAID/TMRC grant no. 49486 and through an International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research NIAID/ICEMR grant no U 19AI089702, the Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología ‘Francisco José de Caldas' COLCIENCIAS grant no. 6124-05-17594, and the Ministry for Social Protection/Colciencias grant no. 2304-04-19524. John Beier was partially supported by the Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami.
Authors' addresses: Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Yezid Solarte, and Sócrates Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Edificio de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle and Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: marevalo@inmuno.org, ysolarte@inmuno.org, and sherrera@inmuno.org. Leonardo Rocha and Diego Álvarez, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: lrocha94@hotmail.com and kensof@gmail.com. John C. Beier, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, Miami, FL, E-mail: jbeier@med.miami.edu.
Reprint requests: Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 37 - 2Bis No. 5E - 08, Cali, Colombia, E-mail: sherrera@inmuno.org.